Syarif Husen (1), Ahmad Syaifudin (2), Suratman Suratman (3)
General Background: Constitutional government requires state authority to operate within the rule of law, separation of powers, and checks and balances. Specific Background: Article 14 of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia grants the President authority to provide amnesty and abolition, yet this authority becomes controversial when applied to cases that have passed judicial processes or obtained permanent legal force. Knowledge Gap: Previous studies have discussed procedures, institutional relations, and prerogative characteristics, but have not comprehensively formulated constitutional limits for amnesty and abolition after legally binding court decisions. Aims: This normative legal study aimed to analyze constitutional limits on presidential prerogative power, identify weaknesses in existing regulation, and formulate an ideal legal construction to prevent abuse of authority. Results: The study found that Indonesian regulation still leaves broad discretion because substantive criteria for granting amnesty and abolition remain unclear. This condition may create legal uncertainty, weaken equality before the law, reduce judicial legitimacy, and turn parliamentary consideration into political formality. Novelty: The study proposes constitutional limitation through clear substantive criteria, stronger House of Representatives oversight, an independent advisory institution, open evaluation, and possible procedural review by the Constitutional Court. Implications: The proposed model can help align presidential clemency powers with democratic rule of law, judicial independence, legal certainty, public interest, and human rights protection.
Highlights:
Keywords: Abolition, Amnesty, Presidential Prerogative
B. Aswandi and K. Roisah, “Negara Hukum dan Demokrasi Pancasila dalam Kaitannya dengan Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM),” Jurnal Pembangunan Hukum Indonesia, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 128–145, 2019, doi: 10.14710/jphi.v1i1.128-145.
E. Gunawan, “Relevansi Konsep Negara dalam Pemikiran Al-Farabi di Masa Indonesia Sekarang,” Jurnal Pendidikan PKN (Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan), vol. 2, no. 2, 2021, doi: 10.26418/jppkn.v2i2.47791.
S. Hidayah and A. S. Nugroho, “Pemberian Amnesti dan Abolisi dalam Tindak Pidana Korupsi: Tinjauan Hukum dan Analisis Keadilan Prosedural,” IJLJ: Indonesian Journal of Law and Justice, vol. 11, no. 2, 2025, doi: 10.22373/ijlj.v11i2.15218.
G. H. Abas, “Tinjauan Yuridis terhadap Kewenangan Presiden dalam Pemberian Amnesti dan Abolisi: Antara Hukum dan Kepentingan Politik,” JIMU: Jurnal Ilmiah Multi Disiplin, vol. 39, no. 2, 2025, doi: 10.29303/jimu.v39i2.673.
P. Salura and S. Clarissa, “Re-Interpreting the Case Study Approach in Architectural Research,” ARTEKS: Jurnal Teknik Arsitektur, vol. 9, no. 1, 2024, doi: 10.30822/arteks.v9i1.3195.
R. S. Maulana, C. E. Purnomo, H. Jayadi, and R. M. Kafrawi, “Urgensi Pembentukan Undang-Undang Grasi, Amnesti, Abolisi dan Rehabilitasi Ditinjau dari Perspektif Kepastian Hukum,” Jurnal Diskresi, vol. 3, no. 1, 2024, doi: 10.29303/diskresi.v3i1.5072.
S. N. Pradha, T. D. Cahyani, and H. Tofly, “Analisis Sosiologi Hukum terhadap Kebijakan Amnesti pada Tindak Pidana Korupsi di Indonesia,” RIGGS: Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Business, vol. 4, no. 4, 2025, doi: 10.31004/riggs.v4i4.4045.
A. Prayoga Sidabutar, “Rekonstruksi Pemberian Amnesti dan Abolisi dalam Kritik terhadap Kewajiban Pertimbangan DPR Berdasarkan Pasal 14 Ayat (2) UUD NRI 1945,” Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis, vol. 6, no. 12, 2025, doi: 10.56370/jhlg.v6i12.2122.
M. L. Silitonga, “Performa Komunikatif Pemerintah dalam Melakukan Sosialisasi Kebijakan Publik Amnesti Pajak,” Communications, vol. 2, no. 2, 2020, doi: 10.21009/communications.2.2.1.
D. T. Wista Yuliantari, A. Amiruddin, and U. Ufran, “Pemberian Amnesti dalam Kasus Pidana ITE oleh Presiden Melalui Keputusan Presiden (Keppres),” Kertha Semaya: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, vol. 10, no. 4, 2022, doi: 10.24843/KS.2022.v10.i04.p12.
Z. Zulkifli, M. Nur, and M. Malahayati, “Analisis Kewenangan Amnesti Presiden pada Delik Pencemaran Nama Baik Melalui Media Sosial terhadap Perkara Nomor 1909 K/Pid.Sus/2021,” Suloh: Jurnal Fakultas Hukum Universitas Malikussaleh, vol. 12, no. 1, 2024, doi: 10.29103/sjp.v12i1.14529.
R. M. Ramadani, I. Perwira, and B. Dewansyah, “Problem Pemberian Amnesti oleh Presiden dalam Perspektif Kepentingan Negara,” Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi, vol. 21, no. 3, 2021, doi: 10.33087/jiubj.v21i3.1688.
M. F. Razali, A. Umur, and S. K. Putri, “Amnesti: Hak Prerogatif Presiden dalam Perspektif Fiqh Siyasah,” Legitimasi: Jurnal Hukum Pidana dan Politik Hukum, vol. 11, no. 2, 2022, doi: 10.22373/legitimasi.v11i2.15218.
S. Karyati and H. Ulum, “Redesain Wewenang dan Tanggung Jawab Presiden dalam Sistem Peradilan Guna Menegakkan Hukum dan Keadilan,” Jatiswara, vol. 39, no. 2, 2024, doi: 10.29303/jtsw.v39i2.673.
N. M. Nur, “Hubungan Kewenangan Antara Presiden dengan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Menurut Sistem Ketatanegaraan Republik Indonesia,” Jurnal Yustisiabel, vol. 1, no. 2, 2017.
Siplawfirm.id, “Mengenal Apa Itu Abolisi dan Amnesti, ‘Hak Sakti’ Presiden dalam Hukum Pidana Indonesia,” Siplawfirm.id, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://siplawfirm.id
E. Sinta, “Amnesti dan Abolisi dalam Sistem Hukum Tata Negara Indonesia: Kajian Kritis atas Kasus Hasto Kristiyanto dan Tom Lembong,” Jurnal Staatsrecht, vol. 2025, 2025.
A. Kasim and A. Heridah, “Urgensi Pembentukan Undang-Undang Amnesti dan Abolisi: Mengatasi Kekosongan Hukum dan Kepastian dalam Sistem Ketatanegaraan,” Innovation: Journal of Social Science Research, vol. 2025, 2025.
A. Safitri, A. Makrufi, A. Nur, A. Zain, and Y. W. Harimurti, “Amnesti dan Abolisi dalam Sistem Ketatanegaraan Indonesia: Kebutuhan Regulasi untuk Menjamin Kepastian Hukum,” Al-Zayn: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Hukum, vol. 1, no. 1, 2025, doi: 10.14710/jis.v1i1.128-146.