Dwi Nadhiro Salsabila Azizah (1), Lidya Shery Muis (2)
General Background:Blood services are essential to healthcare because they are directly connected to human safety, the right to life, and access to safe medical treatment. Specific Background:Mass blood donation contributes to national blood availability but may expose recipients to transmissible diseases, including HIV, when screening and safety standards are not consistently applied, placing legal responsibility on the Indonesian Red Cross as a blood-service provider. Knowledge Gap:Previous studies addressed blood screening, medical confidentiality, or institutional responsibility separately, without a specific and comprehensive examination of the development of the Indonesian Red Cross’s legal responsibility for blood safety in mass donation activities involving HIV risk. Aims:This normative legal study examines the development of legal regulation and Indonesian Red Cross responsibility through historical and statutory approaches, comparing Law Number 36 of 2009 and Law Number 17 of 2023 alongside related blood-service and human-rights regulations. Results:Law Number 17 of 2023 provides stronger provisions on safety, quality assurance, supervision, donor consent, and accountability, while retaining the Indonesian Red Cross as an authorized provider within a broader system of blood-service organizers. Its responsibility extends beyond humanitarian service to a legal obligation to protect the right to health and the right to life. Novelty:The study integrates normative legal analysis, public-health risk, mass blood donation practice, HIV-related screening, and legal consequences of negligence. Implications:Consistent implementation, rigorous screening, quality assurance, and sustained supervision are required to secure safe transfusion services and legal protection for donors and recipients.
Highlights:
Keywords: Indonesian Red Cross; blood safety; mass blood donation; legal responsibility; HIV transmission
[1] I. Pujilestari, R. D. Monica, A. H. Rahayu, S. Suharto, And W. Trianto, “Optimalisasi Donor Darah Sukarela Untuk Mendukung Ketersediaan Darah Di Masyarakat,” Puan Indones., Vol. 7, No. 2, Pp. 993–998, Jan. 2026, Doi: 10.37296/Jpi.V7i2.503.
[2] “Uud45 Asli.Pdf.” Accessed: Feb. 09, 2026. [Online]. Available: Https://Www.Mkri.Id/Public/Content/Infoumum/Regulation/Pdf/Uud45%20asli.Pdf
[3] F. R. Nuraini, N. D. Muflikhah, R. N. A. Amalia, And R. C. Pratama, “Donor Keluarga Terintegrasi: Strategi Ketahanan Stok Darah Di Fasilitas Pelayanan Kesehatan Primer,” J. Med. Med., Vol. 5, No. 1, Pp. 471–477, Jan. 2026, Doi: 10.31004/Hkmvgn09.
[4] K. D. Utami, F. N. Azizah, And S. Nurhayati, “Edukasi Media Animasi Kesehatan Reproduksi Dan Penyakit Menular Seksual Di Posyandu Remaja Puskesmas Kalasan,” J. Pengabdi. Masy. Bangsa, Vol. 3, No. 4, Pp. 1192–1198, Jun. 2025, Doi: 10.59837/Jpmba.V3i4.2379.
[5] E. Buranga, A. M. Ukratalo, D. E. Manery, And A. R. S. Kaliky, “Donor Darah Sebagai Wujud Kepedulian Sosial Masyarakat Desa Piru Kabupaten Seram Bagian Barat Terhadap Sesama,” J. Cendekia Mengabdi Berinovasi Dan Berkarya, Vol. 4, No. 1, Pp. 43–48, 2026, Doi: 10.56630/Jenaka.V4i1.1134.
[6] “Uu No. 17 Tahun 2023,” Database Peraturan | Jdih Bpk. Accessed: Feb. 09, 2026. [Online]. Available: Http://Peraturan.Bpk.Go.Id/Details/258028/Uu-No-17-Tahun-2023
[7] “Uu No. 36 Tahun 2009,” Database Peraturan | Jdih Bpk. Accessed: Feb. 09, 2026. [Online]. Available: Http://Peraturan.Bpk.Go.Id/Details/38778/Uu-No-36-Tahun-2009
[8] “06.93.0143 Sanny Sanjaya Cover.Pdf.” Accessed: Feb. 09, 2026. [Online]. Available: Https://Repository.Unika.Ac.Id/14169/1/06.93.0143%20sanny%20sanjaya%20cover.Pdf
[9] M. Taufiq, “Perspektif Yuridis Tanggung Jawab Dokter Terhadap Rahasia Medis Pasien Hiv/Aids (Studi Di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Banyumas).” Accessed: Feb. 09, 2026. [Online]. Available: Https://Scholar.Archive.Org/Work/Kildq2l2rzgbfmu4tbeknoixze/Access/Wayback/Http://Dinamikahukum.Fh.Unsoed.Ac.Id:80/Index.Php/Jdh/Article/Download/171/119
[10] “Uu No. 39 Tahun 1999,” Database Peraturan | Jdih Bpk. Accessed: Feb. 09, 2026. [Online]. Available: Http://Peraturan.Bpk.Go.Id/Details/45361/Uu-No-39-Tahun-1999
[11] “Pp No. 7 Tahun 2011,” Database Peraturan | Jdih Bpk. Accessed: Feb. 09, 2026. [Online]. Available: Http://Peraturan.Bpk.Go.Id/Details/5129/Pp-No-7-Tahun-2011
[12] T. Abdi, Y. Triana, K. Sari, And M. Nofelita, “Pelayanan Darah Rumah Sakit Dalam Perspektif Hukum Normatif: Antara Kepastian Hukum Dan Perlindungan Hak Pasien,” Andrew Law J., Vol. 4, No. 2, Pp. 1020–1031, Dec. 2025, Doi: 10.61876/Alj.V4i2.151.
[13] A. Dharmawan, Rukin, And Zulharman, “Pelayanan Publik Berbasis Pelayanan Prima Di Unit Transfusi Darah Palang Merah Indonesia (Pmi) Kota Surabaya,” J. Law Adm. Sci., Vol. 3, No. 1, Pp. 33–54, Apr. 2025, Doi: 10.33478/Jlas.V3i1.30.
[14] S. N. C. Hamid And L. S. Muis, “State Responsibility In Guaranteeing Access To Essential Medicines For Public Health: Tanggung Jawab Negara Dalam Menjamin Akses Terhadap Obat Esensial Untuk Kesehatan Masyarakat,” Indones. J. Law Econ. Rev., Vol. 19, No. 3, Pp. 10–21070, 2024.
[15] A. Syuaib, A. M. Ukratalo, And A. R. Assagaf, “Skrining Tekanan Darah Dan Gula Darah Pada Masyarakat Di Desa Buki, Kabupaten Selayar, Sulawesi Selatan,” Wasathon J. Pengabdi. Masy., Vol. 3, No. 01, Pp. 26–31, Jan. 2025, Doi: 10.61902/Wasathon.V3i01.1494.
[16] P. Putri Nur Azura, “Implementasi Peraturan Menteri Hukum Dan Hak Asasi Manusia Nomor 7 Tahun 2022 Tentang Remisi Tambahan Melalui Donor Darah Di Lapas Kelas Iia Tembilahan,” Skripsi, Universitas Islam Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau, 2023. Accessed: Feb. 09, 2026. [Online]. Available: Https://Repository.Uin-Suska.Ac.Id/70890/
[17] U. Usiono, A. A. Hutasuhut, S. Apriani, S. Q. Dalimunthe, And S. Ayuni, “Palang Merah Indonesia Menjadi Salah Satu Organisasi Sosial Di Masyarakat,” J. Ilm. Wahana Pendidik., Vol. 9, No. 2, Pp. 60–65, Jan. 2023, Doi: 10.5281/Zenodo.7563625.
[18] A. Rakhman And Y. Sabanise, “Sistem Informasi Stok Kebutuhan Darah Pada Palang Merah Indonesia Dengan Metode Weighted Moving Average,” Jul. 2020.
[19] M. Yasin, R. Mubarok, And E. Widyanti, “Pendampingan Pelaksanaan Donor Darah Sebagai Upaya Penyediaan Darah Pada Palang Merah Indonesia Kutai Timur,” Dikmas J. Pendidik. Masy. Dan Pengabdi., Vol. 1, No. 4, Pp. 143–148, Dec. 2021, Doi: 10.37905/Dikmas.1.4.143-148.2021.
[20] “2022-Pmk-No-30-Tentang-Inm.Pdf.” Accessed: Feb. 09, 2026. [Online]. Available: Https://Galihendradita.Wordpress.Com/Wp-Content/Uploads/2023/06/2022-Pmk-No-30-Tentang-Inm.Pdf
[21] B. Rahayu, N. Ariyani, And Levyda, “Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan: Studi Pada Unit Pelayanan Transfusi Darah Di Rscm.,” J. Syntax Admiration, Vol. 4, No. 2, P. 138, Feb. 2023, Doi: 10.46799/Jsa.V3i12.502.
[22] N. Purnamaningsih, R. Novianingsih, And R. Prahesti, “Gambaran Motivasi Donor Darah Pada Pendonor Sukarela Di Unit Donor Darah Pmi Kabupaten Sleman Tahun 2021,” J. Sehat Mandiri, Vol. 17, No. 1, Pp. 1–9, Jun. 2022, Doi: 10.33761/Jsm.V17i1.375.
[23] C. Sabandar Et Al., “Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Dalam Aksi Donor Darah Sukarela Di Kelurahan Laloeha Kabupaten Kolaka,” J. Abdi Dan Dedik. Kpd. Masy. Indones., Vol. 4, No. 1, Pp. 107–114, Jan. 2026, Doi: 10.46356/Nadikami.V4i1.410.
[24] A. M. Paduppai, N. A. Anggraeni, And M. Krisna, “Penguatan Solidaritas Sosial Melalui Program Donor Darah Di Desa Candinego Wonoayu,” J. Pengabdi. Cendekia, Vol. 2, No. 1, Pp. 44–52, 2026, Doi: 10.71417/Jpc.V2i1.90.
[25] Dr Y. A. Mm And Dr S. W. M.Blomed, Manajemen Mutu Pelayanan Darah Bagi Teknisi Dan Mahasiswa Teknologi Bank Darah. Scopindo Media Pustaka, 2020.
[26] Sukmawati, S. Rizal, And A. N. Insan, “Pengaruh Strategi Komunikasi Dan Kualitas Produk Terhadap Kepercayaan Konsumen Unit Transfusi Darah Pmi Kota Makassar,” Learn. Soc. J. Csr Pendidik. Dan Pemberdaya. Masy., Vol. 5, No. 1, Pp. 393–404, Jun. 2024, Doi: 10.30872/Ls.V5i1.3517.
[27] R. R. Nugraha And Z. M. Rasyida, “Gambaran Tingkat Keterampilan Balut Bidai Sebagai Pertolongan Pertama Pada Cedera Ekstremitas Palang Merah Remaja Di Smp N 1 Boyolali,” Indones. J. Public Health, Vol. 4, No. 1, Pp. 35–44, 2026.