Estabraq Mohammed Ati (1), Huda Farooq Zaki (2), Maarb Salih Abdulraziq (3), Reyam Naji Ajmi (4)
General Background: Microplastics have become pervasive contaminants in aquatic systems, where their small size and persistence enable wide ecological dispersion. Specific Background: These particles readily adsorb organic toxins and heavy metals, intensifying their environmental and biological impact as they move through food webs. Knowledge Gap: Despite advances in physical, chemical, and microbial removal methods, sustainable strategies that simultaneously address pollutant binding, ecological safety, and long-term remediation remain limited. Aims: This review examines the characteristics of microplastics, their ecological and health effects, and evaluates emerging plant-based bioremediation technologies integrated with modern approaches. Results: Evidence shows that medicinal plants such as Aloe vera, Mentha spicata, Ocimum basilicum, and Lemna minor can absorb, translocate, and enzymatically degrade pollutants associated with microplastics, while integration with nanotechnology, enhanced filtration, and catalytic processes significantly improves removal efficiency. Novelty: The synthesis highlights the synergistic potential of phytoremediation combined with advanced technologies, offering a holistic, low-cost, and environmentally compatible alternative to conventional treatment methods. Implications: These findings underscore the promise of plant-based systems for mitigating microplastic pollution, supporting ecosystem resilience, and reducing risks to human health while guiding future sustainable water-treatment strategies.Highlight :
The content stresses how microplastics accumulate pollutants and pose risks to aquatic organisms and humans.
It highlights the role of plant-based bioremediation in absorbing and breaking down pollutants linked to microplastics.
It notes the importance of integrating phytoremediation with modern techniques to enhance pollutant removal and support environmental sustainability.
Keywords : Microplastics, bioremediation with plants, heavy metals, organic pollutants, aquatic systems
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