Abstract:
The utilization of waste as a substitute material for aggregate in paving blocks has become an effective and innovative option. One of the largest contributors to global plastic waste is Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) bottles and High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) bottle caps, both of which are types of plastic that can be used in paving mixtures due to their strength and easy availability. This research aims to examine the effects of using plastic bottle waste and bottle cap waste as aggregate substitutes on the mechanical properties of paving blocks, including impact testing and cost analysis. The results of this study show that PET variations perform better than HDPE. A 5% PET plastic variation produced the highest compressive strength of 22.32 MPa, while the lowest compressive strength was recorded with a 15% HDPE variation at 14.62 MPa. In addition to mechanical performance, paving blocks with PET variations are capable of reducing up to 2.45 kg of plastic bottles per 1 m².The utilization of waste as a substitute material for aggregate in paving blocks has become an effective and innovative option. One of the largest contributors to global plastic waste is Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) bottles and High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) bottle caps, both of which are types of plastic that can be used in paving mixtures due to their strength and easy availability. This research aims to examine the effects of using plastic bottle waste and bottle cap waste as aggregate substitutes on the mechanical properties of paving blocks, including impact testing and cost analysis. The results of this study show that PET variations perform better than HDPE. A 5% PET plastic variation produced the highest compressive strength of 22.32 MPa, while the lowest compressive strength was recorded with a 15% HDPE variation at 14.62 MPa. In addition to mechanical performance, paving blocks with PET variations are capable of reducing up to 2.45 kg of plastic bottles per 1 m².
Highlight :
Paving blocks with 5% PET or HDPE meet strength standards for parking use while reducing water absorption.
Higher plastic content (>5%) weakens mechanical and impact resistance due to poor bonding.
Using PET 5% cuts material costs and reduces plastic waste by 245 kg per 100 m² area.
Keywords : Paving Block, Plastic Waste, HDPE, PET, Mechanical Strength
References
A. J. Chandler, T. T. Eighmy, O. Hjelmar, D. S. Kosson, S. E. Sawell, J. Vehlow, and H. A. Sloot, Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator Residues. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1997.
A. Okunola, K. I. Ologbonjaye, O. Awosolu, and O. E. Alalade, “Public and Environmental Health Effects of Plastic Wastes Disposal: A Review,” Journal of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, vol. 5, no. 2, 2019, doi: 10.23937/2572-4061.1510021.
B. Jiang, J. Yu, and Y. Liu, “The Environmental Impact of Plastic Waste,” Journal of Environmental and Earth Sciences, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 26–35, 2020, doi: 10.30564/jees.v2i2.2340.
D. S. Devi, “Sampah Plastik Di Perairan Pesisir Dan Laut: Implikasi Kepada Ekosistem Pesisir DKI Jakarta,” Jurnal Riset Jakarta, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 17–23, 2019, doi: 10.37439/jurnaldrd.v12i1.2.
A. A. Amanu, A. P. Zahrani, F. A. Ristaatin, A. R. Ardillah, and D. O. Radianto, “Pengaruh Limbah Mikroplastik Terhadap Organisme Dan Upaya Penanganannya,” Manufaktur: Publikasi Sub Rumpun Ilmu Keteknikan Industri, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 12–24, 2024, doi: 10.61132/manufaktur.v2i2.293.
B. I. S. Murat, M. S. Kamalruzaman, M. H. N. Azman, and M. F. Misroh, “Assessment of Mechanical Properties of Recycled HDPE and LDPE Plastic Wastes,” IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 957, no. 1, pp. 1–8, 2020, doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/957/1/012046.
P. P. Kadam, M. M. Maske, and S. N. Patil, “Development of Eco-Friendly Paving Blocks Using Waste Plastic and Construction Demolition Waste,” AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 3111, no. 1, 2024, doi: 10.1063/5.0221582.
A. Soni, T. S. Rajput, K. Sahu, and S. Rajak, “Utilization of Waste Plastic in Manufacturing of Paver Blocks,” International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 939–942, 2019, doi: 10.22214/ijraset.2022.40410.
D. Foti, “Use of Recycled Waste PET Bottles Fibers for the Reinforcement of Concrete,” Composite Structures, vol. 96, pp. 396–404, 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2012.09.019.
ASTM International, ASTM C494/C494M-19: Standard Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete, ASTM C494, Jan. 2005, pp. 1–10.
S. Kuswiantoro, M. Mahardana, R. Mumayyizah, A. Iskindaria, R. S. Nurhuda, F. Mufaidah, and M. R. Aldiansyah, “Optimalisasi Penggunaan Superplasticizer Masterglenium Ace 8595 Dalam Implementasi Pekerjaan Beton,” Jurnal Rab Construction Research, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 47–58, 2024.
Badan Standar Nasional Indonesia, SNI 03-6821-2002: Spesifikasi Agregat Ringan Batu Cetak Beton Pasangan Dinding, Jakarta, 2002.
Badan Standardisasi Nasional, SNI 03-0691-1996: Bata Beton (Paving Block), Jakarta.
W. A. Krasna, R. Noor, and D. D. Ramadani, “Utilization of Plastic Waste Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) as a Coarse Aggregate Alternative in Paving Block,” MATEC Web of Conferences, vol. 280, p. 04007, 2019.
S. Agyeman, N. K. Obeng-Ahenkora, S. Assiamah, and G. Twumasi, “Exploiting Recycled Plastic Waste as an Alternative Binder for Paving Blocks Production,” Case Studies in Construction Materials, vol. 11, p. e00246, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.cscm.2019.e00246.
M. F. Tengku and J. Tarigan, “Penggunaan Crum Rubber Pada Pembuatan Paving Blok,” Jurnal Syntax Admiration, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 523–533, 2021, doi: 10.46799/jsa.v2i3.192.
ACI Committee 544, “Measurement of Properties of Fiber Reinforced Concrete,” ACI 544.2R-89, Reapproved 1999, pp. 1–12.