Loading [MathJax]/jax/output/HTML-CSS/config.js
Loading [MathJax]/jax/output/HTML-CSS/config.js
Login
Section Law

Towards a Child-Friendly City in East Aceh through Collaborative Governance and Local Challenges

Vol 10 No 1 (2025): June:

Mukhlis Mukhlis (1), Muammar Muammar (2), Fitri Maghfirah (3)

(1) Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Malikussaleh, Indonesia
(2) Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Malikussaleh, Indonesia
(3) Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Malikussaleh, Indonesia
Fulltext View | Download

Abstract:

General Background: The development of Child-Friendly Cities (CFC) is a strategic initiative to ensure the fulfillment of children's rights in urban governance. Specific Background: Despite national efforts, until 2023, no city or regency in Indonesia has achieved the "Plenary" category of a Child-Friendly City (Kota Layak Anak/KLA). Knowledge Gap: Existing literature lacks a comprehensive understanding of the challenges and model implementations of CFC development in Indonesia. Aims: This study aims to analyze the urgency of KLA development and identify existing models of CFC implementation in Indonesia. Results: Through a qualitative literature review of academic studies, government publications, international organization reports, and media sources, the study finds that collaborative governance involving policymakers, children, and communities is essential for advancing CFC programs. Novelty: The study highlights the need to contextualize child-focused policies to local socio-cultural and developmental needs—an aspect often overlooked in top-down policy approaches. Implications: The findings suggest that sustainable progress toward CFC status requires not only integrated multi-stakeholder collaboration but also adaptive strategies responsive to local child welfare issues, thereby offering a more inclusive and effective policy design framework.


Highlights: 




  • No Indonesian city has achieved "Plenary" Child-Friendly City status by 2023.




  • Effective CFC development requires collaboration between policymakers, children, and communities.




  • Local context must guide the formulation of child-responsive policies.




Keywords: Child Friendly City, Collaborative Governance, Children’s Rights, Urban Policy

References

D. Widiyanto and R. Rijanta, “Lingkungan Kota Layak Anak (Child-Friendly City) Berdasarkan Persepsi Orangtua Di Kota Yogyakarta,” Bumi Lestari, vol. 12, no. 2, Aug. 2012. [Online]. Available: https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/blje/article/view/4808. Accessed: May 11, 2025.

UNICEF, “Building a Child Friendly City | Child-Friendly Cities Initiative,” UNICEF, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www.childfriendlycities.org/building-child-friendly-city. Accessed: May 11, 2025.

A. R. Devi, S. Sulastri, and M. Irfan, “Pemenuhan Hak Partisipasi Anak Melalui Forum Anak Dalam Implementasi Kebijakan Kota Layak Anak Di Kota Bandung,” Share Social Work Journal, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 5–6, Jul. 2015, doi: 10.24198/SHARE.V5I1.13085.

Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak, “Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak,” 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www.kemenpppa.go.id/page/view/NTM=. Accessed: May 11, 2025.

A. Prasetya and A. Rahman, “Implementasi Kebijakan Kota Layak Anak Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Di Kota Tangerang Selatan (Studi Pada Klaster Hak Sipil dan Kebebasan),” Moderat: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pemerintahan, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 224–235, May 2022, doi: 10.25157/MODERAT.V8I2.2700.

N. Duadji and N. Tresiana, “Kota Layak Anak Berbasis Collaborative Governance,” Sawwa: Journal of Gender Studies, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 1–22, Apr. 2018, doi: 10.21580/SA.V13I1.2201.

I. N. Surata, “Urgensi Peraturan Daerah Tentang Kabupaten Layak Anak Di Kabupaten Buleleng,” Kertha Widya, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 25–41, Dec. 2019, doi: 10.37637/KW.V7I2.516.

JDIH Kemen PPPA, “Peraturan Menteri Nomor 11 Tahun 2011,” 2011. [Online]. Available: https://jdih.kemenpppa.go.id/dokumen-hukum/produk-hukum/peraturan-menteri-nomor-11-tahun-2011. Accessed: May 11, 2025.

G. P. Gonibala et al., “Evaluasi Pelaksanaan Kota Layak Anak Dalam Penyediaan Infrastruktur (Prasarana dan Sarana) Ramah Anak Di Kota Kotamobagu,” Fraktal: Jurnal Arsitektur, Kota dan Sains, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 1–9, Jul. 2022, doi: 10.35793/FRAKTAL.V7I2.42796.

K. Santang and I. Isharyanto, “Implementasi Kota Layak Anak Di Kota Kediri,” Res Publica: Jurnal Hukum dan Kebijakan Publik, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 125–135, Dec. 2020, doi: 10.20961/RESPUBLICA.V3I2.45619.

Yayasan Arek, Seri K.H.A (Konvensi Hak-Hak Anak), Surabaya, 2001. [Online]. Available: https://perpustakaan.komnasperempuan.go.id/web/index.php?p=show_detail&id=1154. Accessed: May 11, 2025.

M. Yamin, “Kota Ramah Anak: Apa, Mengapa, Bagaimana,” Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://kemenpppa.go.id/page/view/NjEy. Accessed: May 11, 2025.

Tanoto Foundation, “Mengenal Lebih Jauh Tentang Reggio Emilia Approach,” 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www.tanotofoundation.org/id/news/mengenal-lebih-jauh-tentang-reggio-emilia-approach/. Accessed: May 11, 2025.

Barnahus Network, “About Barnahus,” 2025. [Online]. Available: https://barnahus.eu/barnahus/about-barnahus/. Accessed: May 11, 2025.

R. I. Setyowati and D. Farantika, “Perencanaan Pembelajaran Reggio Emilia pada Anak Usia Dini,” SINDA: Comprehensive Journal of Islamic Social Studies, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 146–164, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://ojs.unublitar.ac.id/index.php/sinda/article/view/209. Accessed: May 11, 2025.

Y. P. Abubakar, “Child-Friendly School (CFS) Environment, Students’ Behavior and Performance of Public High Schools in Sultan Kudarat,” International Journal of Science Engineering and Applied Science, no. 8, 2022. [Online]. Available: www.ijseas.com. Accessed: May 11, 2025.

H. Shauri, R. Oswago, and W. Githinji, Models of Best Practices in Community Based Early Childhood Development: Case Studies from KCDF Programme Implementation in Eastern and Coastal Regions of Kenya 2005–2010, 2011.

GOV.UK, “Government Shifts Cycling Up a Gear,” 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www.gov.uk/government/news/government-shifts-cycling-up-a-gear. Accessed: May 11, 2025.

B. Lee and G. Menzies, “Building Playful Cities, the Dutch Way,” Child in the City, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://www.childinthecity.org/2017/03/10/building-playful-cities-the-dutch-way/?gdpr=accept. Accessed: May 11, 2025.

A. Hakim, “Upaya Surabaya Jadi Kota Layak Anak Paripurna,” ANTARA News, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.antaranews.com/berita/3618924/upaya-surabaya-jadi-kota-layak-anak-paripurna. Accessed: May 11, 2025.

Pemerintah Kota Denpasar, “Kota Denpasar Raih Penghargaan Daerah Ramah Perempuan dan Layak Anak Tahun 2022,” 2022. [Online]. Available: https://www.denpasarkota.go.id/berita/kota-denpasar-raih-penghargaan-daerah-ramah-perempuan-dan-layak-anak-tahun-2022. Accessed: May 11, 2025.

D. M. W. Fauzi and Bayquni, “Inovasi Kebijakan Pengembangan Kota Layak Anak Tangerang Selatan,” Petanda: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi dan Humaniora, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 10–23, Apr. 2020, doi: 10.32509/PETANDA.V3I1.1967.

A. Nurdiassa, A. Zulfikar, F. Rasyid, and A. T. Wulandari, “Implementasi Kebijakan Smart City dalam Mewujudkan Makassar Kota Dunia,” Jurnal Administrasi Publik dan Pemerintahan, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 37–46, Apr. 2021, doi: 10.22487/JPAG.V3I1.114.

V. A. Cordero Vinueza, F. Niekerk, and T. van Dijk, “Making Child-Friendly Cities: A Socio-Spatial Literature Review,” Cities, vol. 137, p. 104248, Jun. 2023, doi: 10.1016/J.CITIES.2023.104248.

Indasah, H. Krismono, and H. Saputro, “Development of a Children Worth City Based on Collaborative Governance in Kediri City,” Strategi Journal of Health, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 1788–1796, Nov. 2020, doi: 10.30994/SJIK.V9I2.535.

Y. S. Pabia, J. Matsunami, and L. Subanu, “Collaborative Governance in Child-Friendly City Policy Implementation in Kendari City, Southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia,” Journal of Perencanaan Pembangunan Indonesia (J. Dev. Plan.), vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 249–266, Aug. 2022, doi: 10.36574/JPP.V6I2.328.

D. Siti Utari, A. Sukristyanto, and A. Ibnu Rochim, “Cross-Sectoral Coordination Towards a Child-Friendly City in Indonesia: A Critical Study of Tanjungpinang City,” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 229–240, 2023, doi: 10.47772/IJRISS.

H. Gökmen and B. Gülay Taşçı, “Children’s Views about Child Friendly City: A Case Study from Izmir,” Megarón / Yıldız Technical University Faculty of Architecture E-Journal, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 469–482, 2016, doi: 10.5505/megaron.2016.20981.

N. Wahyuni, R. F. Helmi, and H. Fajri, “Child-Friendly City: Failure to Build Collaboration,” Jurnal EL-RIYASAH, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 159–170, Jan. 2022, doi: 10.24014/JEL.V12I2.14128.

A. Muamar, “Rumah Anak Prestasi: Upaya Surabaya Wujudkan Kota Layak Anak,” Green Network, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://greennetwork.id/kabar/rumah-anak-prestasi-upaya-surabaya-wujudkan-kota-layak-anak/. Accessed: May 9, 2025.

N. Katingka, “Pursuing Fully Child Friendly Cities in Indonesia,” Kompas.id, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.kompas.id/baca/english/2023/07/22/en-mengejar-kota-layak-anak-di-indonesia. Accessed: May 11, 2025.