Academia Open
Vol 10 No 1 (2025): June (In Progress)
Clinical Research

Biofilm Formation and Antibiotic Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates
Pembentukan Biofilm dan Resistensi Antibiotik pada Isolat Staphylococcus aureus


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  • Ahmed Ramadan Hadabi Al-Khamis*,
  • Jasim Mohammed Abed,
  • Hamid Kadhim Sameer,
  • Mohammed Ali Hassan
Ahmed Ramadan Hadabi Al-Khamis
Department of Laboratory, Thi-Qar Health Directorate, Iraqi Ministry of Health, Iraq *
Jasim Mohammed Abed
Department of Laboratory, Thi-Qar Health Directorate, Iraqi Ministry of Health, Iraq
Hamid Kadhim Sameer
Department of Laboratory, Thi-Qar Health Directorate, Iraqi Ministry of Health, Iraq
Mohammed Ali Hassan
Department of Laboratory, Thi-Qar Health Directorate, Iraqi Ministry of Health, Iraq

(*) Corresponding Author
Picture in here are illustration from public domain image or provided by the author, as part of their works
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21070/acopen.10.2025.10792
Published April 5, 2025
Keywords
  • S. aureus,
  • Antibiotic Resistance,
  • Biofilm,
  • Clinical samples
How to Cite
Al-Khamis, A. R. H., Abed, J. M., Sameer, H. K., & Hassan, M. A. (2025). Biofilm Formation and Antibiotic Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates. Academia Open, 10(1), 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.10792. https://doi.org/10.21070/acopen.10.2025.10792

Copyright (c) 2025 Ahmed Ramadan Hadabi Al-Khamis, Jasim Mohammed Abed, Hamid Kadhim Sameer, Mohammed Ali Hassan

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Abstract

General Background: Biofilm-associated infections represent a major clinical challenge due to their persistence and resistance to antibiotics. Specific Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a common pathogen implicated in chronic and hospital-acquired infections, particularly due to its biofilm-forming capability. Knowledge Gap: Despite global reports on S. aureus resistance, limited data exist regarding its biofilm formation and antibiotic susceptibility in clinical isolates from Mashhad Hospital. Aims: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, biofilm formation, and antibiotic resistance profile of S. aureus isolated from hospitalized patients. Results: A total of 150 clinical samples (blood, urine, wounds, and secretions) were collected from 95 male and 55 female patients, yielding 70 S. aureus isolates. All isolates were biofilm-positive. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed 100% resistance to ampicillin, 80.3% to azithromycin, and 70.7% to cefoxitin, while all isolates remained sensitive to vancomycin and clarithromycin. Statistical analysis showed significant associations (p < 0.05) between patient sex and both biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance patterns. Novelty: This study provides updated, localized resistance data and highlights the universal biofilm-forming potential of S. aureus in this region. Implications: The findings underscore the need for enhanced infection control strategies and the prudent use of antibiotics to mitigate biofilm-related resistance in hospital settings.

Highlights:

  1. S. aureus causes resistant, biofilm-related hospital infections.
  2. 70 isolates: all biofilm-positive, high resistance to common antibiotics.
  3. Requires improved antibiotic stewardship and infection control measures.

Keywords: S. aureus, Antibiotic Resistance, Biofilm, Clinical samples

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