Academia Open
Vol 10 No 1 (2025): June (In Progress)
Microbiology

Molecular Study and Detection of The Causative Bacteria of Urinary Tract Infection of Transfusion Dependent Thalassemia Patients Who Are Being Treated with Iron Chelators
Studi Molekuler dan Deteksi Bakteri Penyebab Infeksi Saluran Kemih pada Pasien Thalassemia yang Bergantung pada Transfusi yang Diobati dengan Chelator Besi


View Article
  • Lubna Hussein Al-Abidy*,
  • Salem Rheef Arian Al-Aidy
Lubna Hussein Al-Abidy
College of science, wasit University department Biology, Iraq *
Salem Rheef Arian Al-Aidy
Faculeti of medicine Wasit University/ department of medical microbiology, Iraq

(*) Corresponding Author
Picture in here are illustration from public domain image or provided by the author, as part of their works
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21070/acopen.10.2025.10567
Published February 4, 2025
Keywords
  • universal primers,
  • Thalassemia,
  • Urinary tract infection,
  • Virulence Factors.
How to Cite
Al-Abidy, L. H., & Al-Aidy, S. R. A. (2025). Molecular Study and Detection of The Causative Bacteria of Urinary Tract Infection of Transfusion Dependent Thalassemia Patients Who Are Being Treated with Iron Chelators. Academia Open, 10(1), 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.10567. https://doi.org/10.21070/acopen.10.2025.10567

Copyright (c) 2025 Lubna Hussein Al-Abidy, Salem Rheef Arian Al-Aidy

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Abstract

This study was conducted for the purpose of detecting some virulence factor genes of the bacterial species isolated from the urine transfusion dependent beta Thalassemia TDT with UTI, 173 urine samples were collected from both study group  TDT patient with UTI and control group, Results showed that sample (n=38, 21.96%) of the total samples studied gave positive bacterial growth, while (n=135, 79.03%) gives negatives growth on media cultivation in control samples. In patient with beta Thalassemia have shown positive growth of 38 samples (21.96%) and samples (135) (79.03%) were not give any growth. the purpose of study is to detecting some virulence factors for gram negative studied isolates, DNA was extracted for all isolates. (n=17)  gram negative isolates were taken, represented by (n=9, 23.7%) isolates of E. coli and (n=3, 7.9%) isolates of E. cloacae, (n=5, 13.2%) of K. pneumonia their isolated from transfusion dependent thalassemia with   UTI with use of universal primers for each bacterium and partial 16s rRNA sequence for diagnosis of this isolated bacteria.

Highlights:

  1. Detecting virulence factor genes in bacteria from transfusion-dependent beta thalassemia UTI patients.
  2. 173 urine samples, 38 (21.96%) showed positive bacterial growth, 135 negative.
  3. DNA extraction, 17 gram-negative isolates identified: E. coli, E. cloacae, K. pneumoniae.

Keywords: universal primers, Thalassemia, Urinary tract infection, Virulence Factors.

View Article

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

No metrics found.

References

  1. . E. Di, "Detection of Virulence IroN Gene in Klebsiella pneumoniae in Urinary Tract Infections Patients from Iraq," Basrah Researches Sciences, vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 9, 2024.
  2. . H. S. Al-Zerfi and S. A. Al-Hilu, "Investigation of Genes Encoding Siderophores in Escherichia coli Isolated from Cystitis Patients," BIO Web of Conferences, vol. 108, p. 4006, 2024.
  3. . B. J. Al Badry, A. A. Hussin, I. N. Abid, A. Sh Jabber, and A. M. Thmen, "Bacterial Infections in Thalassemia Patients at Thi-Qar Province/South Iraq," American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS), vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 199–205, 2016. [Online]. Available: http://asrjetsjournal.org/
  4. . E. Behshad, A. Rashki, F. Hadadi, and S. Shabani, "Variability in Virulence Gene Prevalence Among Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Isolates: Implications for Understanding UTI Pathogenesis," International Journal of Basic Science in Medicine, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 167–172, 2023.
  5. . P. Dai and D. Hu, "The Making of Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae," Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis, vol. 36, no. 12, p. e24743, 2022.
  6. . G. Decano, K. Pettigrew, W. Sabiiti, D. J. Sloan, S. Neema, J. Bazira, J. Kiiru, H. Onyango, B. Asiimwe, and M. T. G. Holden, "Pan-Resistome Characterization of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains Circulating in Uganda and Kenya, Isolated from 2017–2018," Antibiotics, vol. 10, no. 12, p. 1547, 2021.
  7. . K. M. Dossouvi, B. S. Ba, G. Lo, I. Ndiaye, A. Ba-Diallo, O. Sow, A. Dieng, A. Cissé, S. M. Lo Ndiaye, and A. Tine, "High Prevalence of Virulence Genes and In-Vitro Biofilm Production in Clinical Multidrug Resistant Escherichia coli in Dakar Senegal," 2023.
  8. . E. Etefia, "Virulence Factors of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli," in Escherichia coli - Old and New Insights, IntechOpen, 2021.
  9. . K. Greisen, M. Loeffelholz, A. Purohit, and D. Leong, "PCR Primers and Probes for the 16S rRNA Gene of Most Species of Pathogenic Bacteria, Including Bacteria Found in Cerebrospinal Fluid," Journal of Clinical Microbiology, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 335–351, 1994. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.32.2.335-351.1994.
  10. . P. E. Klebba, S. M. C. Newton, D. A. Six, A. Kumar, T. Yang, B. L. Nairn, C. Munger, and S. Chakravorty, "Iron Acquisition Systems of Gram-Negative Bacterial Pathogens Define TonB-Dependent Pathways to Novel Antibiotics," Chemical Reviews, vol. 121, no. 9, pp. 5193–5239, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01005.
  11. . B. Krawczyk, M. Burzyńska, P. Wityk, A. Laskowska, A. Stanisławska-Sachadyn, J. Raczak-Gutknecht, M. Waszczuk-Jankowska, M. Bronk, and M. J. Markuszewski, "Iron Uptake by Escherichia coli in Urinary Tract Infections and Urosepsis—Genetic and Proteomic Studies," Authorea Preprints, 2023.
  12. . P. Kurittu, B. Khakipoor, J. Jalava, J. Karhukorpi, and A. Heikinheimo, "Whole-Genome Sequencing of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli from Human Infections in Finland Revealed Isolates Belonging to Internationally Successful ST131-C1-M27 Subclade but Distinct from Non-Human Sources," Frontiers in Microbiology, vol. 12, p. 789280, 2022.
  13. . M. M. C. Lam, K. L. Wyres, L. M. Judd, R. R. Wick, A. Jenney, S. Brisse, and K. E. Holt, "Tracking Key Virulence Loci Encoding Aerobactin and Salmochelin Siderophore Synthesis in Klebsiella pneumoniae," Genome Medicine, vol. 10, pp. 1–15, 2018.
  14. . C.-H. Liao, H.-F. Lu, C.-W. Yang, T.-Y. Yeh, Y.-T. Lin, and T.-C. Yang, "HemU and TonB1 Contribute to Hemin Acquisition in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia," Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, vol. 14, p. 1380976, 2024.
  15. . Y. Mohsen, N. Tarchichi, R. Barakat, I. Kawtharani, R. Ghandour, Z. Ezzeddine, and G. Ghssein, "The Different Types of Metallophores Produced by Salmonella enterica: A Review," Microbiology Research, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 1457–1469, 2023.
  16. . F. Mosaffa, F. Saffari, M. Veisi, and O. Tadjrobehkar, "Some Virulence Genes Are Associated with Antibiotic Susceptibility in Enterobacter cloacae Complex," BMC Infectious Diseases, vol. 24, no. 1, p. 711, 2024.
  17. . F. A. Obed, A. M. Omran, and K. S. Jebur, "Effect of Iron Overload on Prevalence of Common Bacterial Infection in Thalassemia Patients," Iraqi Journal of Hematology, vol. 13, no. 1, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://journals.lww.com/ijhm/fulltext/2024/13010/effect_of_iron_overload_on_prevalence_of_common.7.aspx.
  18. . M. A. R., G.-G. Camilo, and P. S. M., "Iron Transport and Metabolism in Escherichia, Shigella, and Salmonella," EcoSal Plus, vol. 9, no. 2, p. eESP-0034-2020, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0034-2020.
  19. . H. K. Rahmani, G. H. Tabar, M. A. Badouei, and B. Khoramian, "Development of Three Multiplex-PCR Assays for Virulence Profiling of Different Iron Acquisition Systems in Escherichia coli," Iranian Journal of Microbiology, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 281, 2020.
  20. . Rané and R. Dasgupta, Urinary Tract Infection, Springer, 2013.
  21. . R. Rezaei, M. M. Aliha, R. B. Andouhjerdi, and M. T. Ebrahimi, "Molecular Investigation of Effects of Probiotic on PapG and iutA Genes in Different Strains of E. coli Isolated from Urinary Tract Infection," Archive of Urological Research, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 17–25, 2023.
  22. . F. Runci, V. Gentile, E. Frangipani, G. Rampioni, L. Leoni, M. Lucidi, D. Visaggio, G. Harris, W. Chen, and J. Stahl, "Contribution of Active Iron Uptake to Acinetobacter baumannii Pathogenicity," Infectious Diseases, 2019.
  23. . Y. Tang, H. Liu, J. Zhao, M. Yi, Y. Yuan, and Y. Xia, "Clinical and Microbiological Prognostic Factors of In-Hospital Mortality Caused by Hypervirulent Klebsiella Pneumoniae Infections: A Retrospective Study in a Tertiary Hospital in Southwestern China," Infection and Drug Resistance, vol. 13, pp. 3739–3749, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S276642.
  24. . K. Y. Lee, M. Hyun, J. Y. Lee, and H. A. Kim, "Molecular Characteristics of Hypervirulent Klebsiella Pneumoniae in Community-Acquired Liver Abscess and Urinary Tract Infection," Infection & Chemotherapy, vol. 54, 2022.
  25. . K. W. Yun, H. Y. Kim, H. K. Park, W. Kim, and I. S. Lim, "Virulence Factors of Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli of Urinary Tract Infections and Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Children," Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection, vol. 47, no. 6, pp. 455–461, 2014. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2013.07.010.
  26. . M. Zafari, M. T. S. Rad, F. Mohseni, and N. Nikbakht, "β-Thalassemia Major and Coronavirus-19, Mortality and Morbidity: A Systematic Review Study," Hemoglobin, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 1–4, 2021.