Academia Open

Liquidity in People's Credit Banks: NPL and Operational Costs in Sidoarjo, Indonesia

Isnaini, Nihlatul Qudus Sukma Nirwana — Thu, 28 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This study aimed to investigate the effect of Non-Performing Loan and Operational Costs on the liquidity of conventional People's Credit Banks in Sidoarjo, Indonesia. The study used a quantitative research method with a multiple regression analysis processed using SPSS version 23. The sample consisted of 35 People's Credit Banks out of 59 registered in the Otoritas Jasa Keuangan during the 2020 period. The results showed that Non-Performing Loan and Operational Costs did not have a partial effect on liquidity, but they had a simultaneous effect on liquidity.

Highlights:

The study focuses on the impact of Non-Performing Loan and Operational Costs on liquidity in People's Credit Banks in Sidoarjo, Indonesia.
Quantitative research method and multiple regression analysis using SPSS version 23 were employed for data analysis.
Findings indicate a simultaneous effect of Non-Performing Loan and Operational Costs on liquidity in these banks.

Keywords: Non-Performing Loan, Operational Costs, Liquidity, People's Credit Banks, Indonesia

Financial Performance and Stock Prices in Tourism & Hospitality

Vivanda Adi Prima Suryo, Herlinda Maya Kumala Sari — Thu, 28 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This study utilizes a quantitative approach to examine the relationship between financial performance indicators (ROA, ROE, EPS, and OPM) and stock prices in the tourism and hospitality sector from 2018 to 2021. Secondary data, sourced from the Indonesian Stock Exchange (BEI) containing annual financial reports of listed companies, was analyzed using Multiple Linear Regression. The results indicate that ROA and ROE do not significantly affect stock prices, while EPS has a positive and significant impact, supporting Hypothesis 3. OPM, however, does not demonstrate a significant influence on stock prices, contradicting Hypothesis 4. These findings emphasize the critical role of earnings per share (EPS) in evaluating stock performance in the sector.

Highlight:

This study examines the relationship between financial performance indicators (ROA, ROE, EPS, OPM) and stock prices in the tourism and hospitality sector.
Results indicate that ROA and ROE do not significantly impact stock prices, while EPS plays a crucial role.
OPM was found to have no significant influence on stock prices, suggesting EPS is a vital metric for assessing stock performance in this industry.

Keywords: Quantitative Analysis, Financial Performance, Stock Prices, Tourism and Hospitality, Earnings per Share (EPS)

Enhancing Employee Performance: The Impact of Transformational Leadership, Motivation, and Workload

Rezza Baharuddin Prawibowo, Detak Prapanca — Thu, 28 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigates the influence of Transformational Leadership, Motivation, and Workload on employee performance in a sample of 55 respondents from the UD. Sinar Mas organization. Employing a non-probability sampling method with saturated sampling technique, the study utilizes multiple linear regression analysis to analyze the data. The findings demonstrate that Transformational Leadership, Motivation, and Workload all exert a positive and statistically significant impact on employee performance. This research underscores the importance of these factors in enhancing employee performance and provides valuable insights for organizations seeking to optimize their workforce's productivity.

Highlight:

This study explores the influence of Transformational Leadership, Motivation, and Workload on employee performance.
Employing multiple linear regression analysis on a sample of 55 respondents, it identifies a significant positive impact of these factors on employee performance.
The research offers valuable insights for organizations aiming to enhance workforce productivity.

Keywords: Transformational Leadership, Motivation, Workload, Employee Performance, Saturated Sampling.

Spin-Off Impact on Islamic Banking Performance: A Comparative Analysis

Andrian Prawira Yudha, Imelda Dian Rahmawati — Thu, 28 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigates the financial performance of a prominent Islamic bank before and after a spin-off, employing a Paired Sample T-Test with SPSS 25. The dataset spans three years pre-spin-off and three years post-spin-off. The research reveals significant disparities in several financial indicators: Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Non-Performing Financing (NPF), Finance to Deposit Ratio (FDR), Return On Assets (ROA), and Operational Expenses to Operational Income (BOPO). These findings shed light on the profound implications of the spin-off on the bank's financial performance, offering valuable insights for practitioners and policymakers in the Islamic banking sector.

Highlight:

Spin-Off Impact: Explore the effects of a corporate spin-off on Islamic bank financial performance.
Statistical Analysis: Utilize Paired Sample T-Test to rigorously assess pre- and post-spin-off financial data.
Strategic Insights: Gain valuable insights into the implications of spin-offs for the Islamic banking industry.

Keywords: Spin-Off, Islamic Banking, Financial Performance, Paired Sample T-Test, Comparative Analysis

Enhancing Customer Satisfaction in Automotive Service Centers: A Quantitative Analysis

Katerina Putri Prameswari, Hasan Ubaidillah — Thu, 28 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This quantitative research study aims to elucidate the impact of individual skills, facilities, and customer relationship management on customer satisfaction within the context of automotive service centers. The study, conducted with a sample of 100 Honda customers, employed cluster random sampling and Likert scale surveys. The findings reveal that individual skills significantly and positively influence customer satisfaction (p < 0.05, t = 7.119), as do facility-related factors (p < 0.05, t = 3.204). However, customer relationship management, when considered individually, does not exhibit a significant impact (p > 0.05, t = 0.311). Notably, when analyzed collectively, these variables demonstrate a substantial and positive effect on customer satisfaction (p < 0.05). These results underscore the importance of individual skills and service facilities in bolstering customer satisfaction in the automotive service industry, while suggesting potential areas for improvement in customer relationship management practices. This research holds implications for service providers seeking to enhance customer satisfaction and loyalty.

Highlight:

Individual skills and service facilities have a significant positive impact on customer satisfaction in automotive service centers.
Customer relationship management, while not individually significant, contributes positively when considered collectively with other factors.
This research offers valuable insights for service providers looking to improve customer satisfaction and loyalty in the automotive service industry.

Keywords: Automotive Service Centers, Customer Satisfaction, Individual Skills, Facilities, Customer Relationship Management

Determinants of Automotive Sub-Sector Profitability: A 2017-2020 Analysis on Indonesian Stock Exchange

Ainun Najib, Misti Hariasih — Thu, 28 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigates the impact of liquidity, capital structure, firm size, and effective tax rate on the profitability of companies within the automotive sub-sector listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange from 2017 to 2020. Employing purposive sampling, a sample of 12 companies was selected, and secondary data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. The findings reveal that liquidity, capital structure, firm size, and effective tax rate each individually influence profitability within the automotive sub-sector. Furthermore, when considered together, these factors exhibit a simultaneous impact on profitability. These results contribute to a deeper understanding of the financial dynamics within the automotive industry, offering valuable insights for practitioners, policymakers, and researchers in the global context.

Highlight:

Comprehensive Analysis: This study examines the impact of key financial factors on automotive sub-sector profitability.
Strategic Sample Selection: Purposive sampling ensures a focused and representative sample of 12 companies.
Holistic Insights: The study's combined findings shed light on the simultaneous influence of liquidity, capital structure, firm size, and effective tax rate, enhancing our understanding of the automotive industry's financial dynamics.

Keywords: Liquidity, Capital Structure, Firm Size, Effective Tax Rate, Automotive Sub-Sector Profitability.

Employee Performance: The Effects of Supervision, Work Discipline, and Work Environment

Ridha Arizka Darmawan, Sumartik — Thu, 28 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to describe and analyze the influence of supervision, work discipline, and the work environment on employee performance. A quantitative approach with hypothesis testing was employed, utilizing multiple linear regression analysis in SPSS version 22. The research sample consisted of 55 employees from an undisclosed organization. Primary data were collected through direct distribution of questionnaires measured using a Likert scale, validated, and tested for reliability. The findings reveal that supervision, work discipline, and the work environment have partial positive effects on employee performance, and collectively, they significantly enhance employee performance. This study contributes valuable insights into the multifaceted factors affecting employee performance, offering practical implications for organizations seeking to optimize their workforce productivity.

Highlight:

Comprehensive Analysis: This study employs quantitative methods to comprehensively analyze the impact of supervision, work discipline, and the work environment on employee performance.
Partial Influences: The research highlights the individual partial influences of supervision, work discipline, and the work environment on employee performance, shedding light on their specific roles within the organizational context.
Collective Enhancement: The study underscores the collective positive influence of these variables, emphasizing their combined impact on significantly improving overall employee performance.

Keywords: Supervision, Work Discipline, Work Environment, Employee Performance, Quantitative Analysis

Influential Factors on Online Repurchase Intentions: A Study on Tokopedia Marketplace

Adam Jody Suwarno Suwarno, Lilik Indayani — Thu, 28 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This quantitative study investigates the impact of trust, risk perception, and perceived benefits on online repurchase intentions within the Tokopedia marketplace. Conducted in Sidoarjo, Indonesia, the research sampled individuals who had made multiple purchases on Tokopedia. Findings reveal that trust exerts a positive partial influence on online repurchase intentions, while risk perception and perceived benefits also influence repurchase intentions positively. Collectively, these factors underscore the complex dynamics of consumer behavior in the online marketplace, offering insights for e-commerce platforms and marketers seeking to enhance customer loyalty and repeat purchases.

Highlight:

This study examines the influence of trust, risk perception, and perceived benefits on online repurchase intentions in the Tokopedia marketplace.
Trust plays a significant positive role in shaping online repurchase intentions.
Findings provide valuable insights for e-commerce platforms and marketers aiming to foster customer loyalty and repeat purchases in the online marketplace.

Keywords: Online Repurchase Intentions,Trust, Risk Perception, Perceived Benefits, Tokopedia Marketplace

Factors Influencing Client Loyalty in a Tax Consultant Office

Melinda Rofiatul Adhaniyah, Herman Ernandi — Thu, 28 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to investigate the influence of relationship quality, service quality, perceived value, and trust on client loyalty in a tax consultant office. The population of this study was 101, and the sample size was 38, selected using nonprobability sampling with the accidental sampling method. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the data with SPSS version 26. The results showed that relationship quality, service quality, perceived value, and trust had a significant positive effect on client loyalty. The findings of this study have implications for tax consultant offices to improve their relationship quality, service quality, perceived value, and trust to enhance client loyalty.

Highlights:

The study examines the impact of multiple factors on client loyalty in a tax consultant office.
The sample size of 38 was selected using nonprobability sampling with the accidental sampling method.
The findings suggest that improving relationship quality, service quality, perceived value, and trust can enhance client loyalty in tax consultant offices.

Keywords: relationship quality, service quality, perceived value, trust, client loyalty

TikTok Celebrities as Role Models: Imitation or Innovation?

Haniyah Febriyanti Rosadi, Nur Maghfirah Aesthetika — Thu, 28 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This qualitative study aimed to analyze the TikTok accounts of @ayuanzillah and @yusni.a, with a focus on the self-existence of teenagers in Jiken village. The study used purposive sampling and descriptive qualitative analysis to examine the videos uploaded on the accounts. The results showed that the videos were not original but rather copied from other sources, indicating a trend-following behavior rather than trend-setting. The TikTok celebrities exhibited a calm demeanor to maintain their online presence and avoid negative feedback from netizens. The motivational quotes shared on the platform were mostly based on personal experiences and aimed to inspire others. The study implies that TikTok celebrities can serve as role models for teenagers, but their influence should be monitored to ensure that they promote positive values and behaviors.

Highlight:

The study used purposive sampling and descriptive qualitative analysis to examine the TikTok accounts of @ayuanzillah and @yusni.a, with a focus on the self-existence of teenagers in Jiken village. The results showed that the videos were not original but rather copied from other sources, indicating a trend-following behavior rather than trend-setting.
The study implies that TikTok celebrities can serve as role models for teenagers, but their influence should be monitored to ensure that they promote positive values and behaviors.
TikTok has policies regarding inactive accounts and verified accounts. A verified badge means that TikTok has confirmed the account belongs to the person or brand it represents, and an inactive account may have its username reset if it remains inactive for 180 days or more

Keywords: TikTok, Purposive sampling,Descriptive qualitative analysis,Trend-following behavior,Role models

Rural Financial Management: Moderating Role of Internal Control in the Digital Governance Era.

Isnaini Rochmaniah, Imelda Dian Rahmawati — Fri, 29 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This research investigates the impact of Information Technology Advancement (IT) in rural areas, particularly the Village Financial Management System (Siskeudes), with a focus on its interaction with internal control systems. Through a sample of 30 village secretaries and treasurers in the Buduran District, Sidoarjo Regency, the study employs direct surveys and questionnaires for data collection. Utilizing IBM SPSS Statistics 25, the analysis reveals a significant positive influence of both internal control systems and IT advancement on rural financial management. Notably, internal control systems were found to moderate the relationship between IT advancement and financial governance. These findings underscore the vital role of internal controls in optimizing the benefits of IT solutions, offering valuable insights for global policymakers and practitioners involved in rural development and digital governance.

Highlights :

The research examines the synergy between Information Technology Advancement and Internal Control Systems in rural financial management.
Findings reveal a significant positive influence of both Internal Control Systems and IT advancement on rural financial governance.
Internal Control Systems play a crucial moderating role in enhancing the impact of IT solutions, providing essential insights for global policymakers and practitioners in rural development and digital governance.

Keywords:Information Technology Advancement, Village Financial Management System, Internal Control Systems, Rural Development, Digital Governance.

Factors Affecting Employee Performance: A Quantitative Study

Erlina Rahmawati, Hasan Ubaidillah — Fri, 29 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This study aimed to examine the influence of work discipline, work ethos, and work environment on employee performance using a quantitative method. The study collected data from 169 production employees using a questionnaire and analyzed the data using SPSS 22. The results showed that work discipline, work ethos, and work environment have a significant impact on employee performance, and these factors have a simultaneous effect on employee performance. The study's implication is that companies should prioritize work discipline, work ethos, and work environment to improve employee performance. The study adds to the growing body of research on the importance of these factors in enhancing employee performance.

Highlight:

The study used a quantitative method to examine the impact of work discipline, work ethos, and work environment on employee performance.
The study collected data from 169 production employees using a questionnaire and analyzed the data using SPSS 22.
The results showed that work discipline, work ethos, and work environment have a significant impact on employee performance, and these factors have a simultaneous effect on employee performance. The study's implication is that companies should prioritize work discipline, work ethos, and work environment to improve employee performance.

Keywords: work discipline, work ethos, work environment, employee performance, quantitative method

Digital Dynamics: Nurturing Entrepreneurial Spirits in Accounting Students

Rizky Nur Aziz, Fityan Izza Noor Abidin — Fri, 29 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This research delves into the entrepreneurial aspirations of accounting students, exploring the impact of family environment, self-efficacy, and income expectations, with e-commerce as a moderating factor. Utilizing a sample of 66 respondents from Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo, data was gathered through questionnaires and processed using SmartPLS. The findings reveal significant positive influences: family environment, self-efficacy, and income expectations all contribute to entrepreneurial interest. Interestingly, e-commerce weakens the influence of family environment while bolstering the effect of self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intentions. Additionally, it diminishes the impact of income expectations on students' entrepreneurial pursuits. These insights provide crucial understanding for educators and policymakers, emphasizing the intricate interplay of personal, familial, and digital factors in shaping the entrepreneurial mindset among future accountants.

Highlights :

Interconnected Influences: Family, self-efficacy, and income expectations significantly shape entrepreneurial interests among accounting students.
Digital Moderation: E-commerce acts as a moderating factor, weakening family influence while strengthening self-efficacy in entrepreneurial intentions.
Educational Implications: Insights inform educators and policymakers about the complex interplay of personal, familial, and digital factors, vital for nurturing entrepreneurial mindsets in future accountants.

Keywords:Entrepreneurship, Family Environment, Self-Efficacy, Income Expectations, E-Commerce

Service Quality, Price, and Customer Satisfaction Impact on Customer Loyalty: Evidence from a Furniture Retail Study

Alfaris Sururi, Dewi Komala Sari — Fri, 29 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This quantitative research study investigates the influence of service quality, price, and customer satisfaction on customer loyalty within the context of a furniture retail establishment. A purposive sampling method was employed, involving 100 consumers of the retail store. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS statistical software (version 25). The findings affirm that service quality, price, and customer satisfaction significantly impact customer loyalty, highlighting their pivotal roles in shaping consumer behavior. These results offer valuable insights for businesses seeking to enhance customer loyalty and, by extension, improve their competitiveness in the global marketplace.

Highlights:

Key Findings: Service quality, price, and customer satisfaction are crucial determinants of customer loyalty in the retail sector.
Methodology: Quantitative research using SPSS software and purposive sampling with a sample size of 100 consumers.
Implications: Businesses should prioritize service quality, pricing strategies, and customer satisfaction to foster customer loyalty and enhance competitiveness.

Keywords: Service Quality, Price, Customer Satisfaction, Customer Loyalty, Retail Study

Effect of Service Quality, Price, and Location on Customer Loyalty: A Pandemic-Era Barbershop Study

Ahmad Rizki Zamnur, Slamet Harjatno — Fri, 29 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigates the impact of service quality, price, and location on customer loyalty, with customer satisfaction as the mediating variable, in the context of a barbershop during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a quantitative approach, data from 100 respondents who visited Elcapitano barbershop in Sidoarjo were collected through purposive nonprobability sampling. The research employs path analysis via Smart PLS 3.0. The findings reveal that service quality significantly influences customer loyalty, while price has no significant effect on loyalty, and location also does not impact loyalty. Furthermore, service quality positively affects customer satisfaction, price affects customer satisfaction, and location influences customer satisfaction. Lastly, customer satisfaction is shown to have a significant influence on customer loyalty. Specifically, service quality influences customer loyalty through customer satisfaction, whereas price does not affect loyalty through satisfaction, and location affects loyalty through customer satisfaction. These findings offer valuable insights for barbershop owners and similar businesses in enhancing customer loyalty during challenging times, such as a pandemic.

Highlights:

Mediating Role of Customer Satisfaction: This study underscores the crucial role of customer satisfaction as a mediator in the relationship between service quality, price, location, and customer loyalty. It highlights how a satisfied customer base is essential for building loyalty.
Impact of Service Quality: The research emphasizes the significant influence of service quality on customer loyalty, underscoring the importance of providing high-quality services to retain and attract loyal customers.
Resilience in Challenging Times: This study's relevance extends to businesses facing challenges like the COVID-19 pandemic, as it provides insights into strategies for maintaining and strengthening customer loyalty even during such difficult periods.

Keywords: service quality, price, location, customer loyalty, customer satisfaction

Assessing the Feasibility of an Edutech Startup: A Non-Financial and Financial Perspective

Qirbi Ibrahim, Heri Widodo — Sat, 30 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This empirical study examines the viability of an edutech startup focused on skill enhancement for students and fresh graduates. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research assesses both non-financial and financial aspects. The findings indicate that the venture is feasible in terms of management, resources, market, marketing, socio-economic factors, and technical operations. From a financial perspective, the venture shows promise with favorable indicators, including the payback period, profitability index, and average rate of return. These results have significant implications for addressing the skills gap in the edutech industry, improving graduate employability, and enhancing competitiveness in the job market.

Highlights:

The study utilizes a mixed-methods approach for a comprehensive evaluation of the edutech venture's feasibility.
Both non-financial and financial aspects are examined, affirming the venture's potential for success.
The research has broad implications for addressing the skills gap, improving graduate employability, and enhancing competitiveness in the job market.

Keywords: Edutech Startup, Feasibility Assessment, Skill Enhancement, Graduates, Employability

Employee Performance: Organizational Culture, Occupational Health and Safety (K3), with Job Satisfaction as a Mediator

Bagus Irawan, Sumartik — Sun, 01 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The study aimed to explore the impact of organizational culture and occupational health and safety on employee performance and job satisfaction. Using a quantitative approach with 170 purposively sampled respondents, the research employed smartPLS for analysis. Findings revealed a positive influence of organizational culture on performance and job satisfaction. However, occupational health and safety showed no direct impact on performance. Interestingly, organizational culture indirectly affected performance through job satisfaction as a mediating variable. Similarly, occupational health and safety influenced performance through job satisfaction. Overall, job satisfaction emerged as a key factor affecting employee performance.

Highlights:

Organizational Culture Impact: The study reveals a significant influence of organizational culture on employee performance, emphasizing the pivotal role that the workplace environment and values play in shaping individual effectiveness.
Occupational Health and Safety Nexus: Interestingly, the research indicates no direct impact of occupational health and safety on employee performance. This finding prompts further exploration into the nuanced relationships between workplace safety measures and overall job effectiveness.
Job Satisfaction as a Mediator: The study underscores the crucial role of job satisfaction as a mediator, demonstrating how it bridges the influence of organizational culture and health and safety measures to ultimately impact employee performance. This highlights the interconnected nature of workplace elements in shaping job satisfaction and, subsequently, performance.

Keywords: Organizational Culture, Occupational Health and Safety (K3), Employee Performance, Job Satisfaction

Enhancing Employee Performance: The Impact of Quality of Work Life, Organizational Citizenship Behavior, and Work Motivation

Audi Sulthan Fadhlurahman, Detak prapanca — Sun, 01 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This study employs a quantitative approach to investigate the causal relationships between Quality of Work Life (QWL), Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB), Work Motivation, and Employee Performance within a sample of 50 respondents from a tollroad operator. The findings reveal that QWL, OCB, and work motivation each have a significant positive impact on employee performance. These results underscore the importance of creating a conducive work environment, promoting positive organizational behavior, and motivating employees to achieve higher performance levels. This study contributes to the understanding of factors that drive employee performance and offers practical implications for organizations aiming to improve their workforce's effectiveness and productivity.

Highlights:

Quality of Work Life, OCB, and Work Motivation positively influence Employee Performance.
Quantitative approach used to analyze the causal relationships.
Practical implications for organizations seeking to enhance workforce effectiveness.

Keywords: Employee Performance, Quality of Work Life, Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Work Motivation, Causality

Compensation, Leadership, and Work Discipline: Influences on Employee Performance

Ronald Firdaus, Sumartik — Sun, 01 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigates the impact of compensation and leadership on employee performance, with work discipline serving as an intervening variable. Using a saturated sample of 37 employees at an undisclosed organization, the research employs Partial Least Square analysis. The findings reveal that compensation and leadership both significantly influence work discipline and employee performance. Moreover, work discipline significantly affects employee performance. Notably, leadership exerts a significant influence on employee performance through work discipline, while compensation directly does not. These results underscore the critical role of leadership and compensation in shaping work discipline and, ultimately, employee performance, offering valuable insights for organizational management and human resource practices.

Highlights:

Compensation and Leadership Influence: Both compensation and leadership play pivotal roles in shaping work discipline and employee performance.
Work Discipline's Mediating Role: Work discipline acts as a significant intermediary in the relationship between leadership and employee performance.
Practical Implications: These findings have practical implications for organizations aiming to enhance employee performance through effective compensation strategies and leadership practices.

Keywords: Compensation, Leadership, Work Discipline, Employee Performance, Intervening Variable

Job Insecurity, Work Environment, and Job Satisfaction: An Investigation with a Mediating Role of Job Stress

Denny Andrea Selan, Rifdah Abadiyah — Sun, 01 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This quantitative study aims to investigate the impact of job insecurity and work environment on job satisfaction, with job stress serving as the mediating variable, within the context of a manufacturing company. Data were collected from 54 employees through questionnaire surveys. The findings reveal that job insecurity and work environment have a significant influence on job satisfaction, with work-related stress playing a significant mediating role. Interestingly, job insecurity and work environment do not directly affect job satisfaction, but their effects are mediated by job stress. These results shed light on the complex interplay of factors influencing job satisfaction and highlight the importance of addressing job stress to enhance overall employee well-being and satisfaction in the workplace.

Highlights:

Job stress mediates the relationship between job insecurity and work environment with job satisfaction.
Quantitative study conducted in a manufacturing company with 54 employee participants.
Findings emphasize the importance of addressing job stress to enhance employee well-being and satisfaction in the workplace.

Keywords: Job Insecurity, Work Environment, Job Satisfaction, Job Stress, Mediation

Catalysts of Customer Satisfaction: A Quantitative Analysis of Brand Image, Service Quality, and Store Atmosphere

Firman Ardiansyah, Lilik Indrayani — Sun, 01 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This research aims to investigate the impact of Brand Image, Service Quality, and Store Atmosphere on Customer Satisfaction in the context of Starbucks Coffee consumers at Suncity Mall Sidoarjo. Utilizing a quantitative approach, data was collected from 100 respondents through questionnaires. The analysis employed multiple linear regression with SPSS 18.0, revealing that Brand Image, Service Quality, and Store Atmosphere significantly influence Customer Satisfaction. These findings have important implications for businesses seeking to enhance customer satisfaction and loyalty through strategic management of these factors.

Highlights:

Influence of Key Factors: Investigates how Brand Image, Service Quality, and Store Atmosphere impact Customer Satisfaction.
Quantitative Approach: Employs a quantitative methodology with 100 respondents to analyze the relationships.
Practical Implications: Offers insights for businesses to enhance customer satisfaction and loyalty through strategic management.

Keywords: Brand Image, Service Quality, Store Atmosphere, Customer Satisfaction, Quantitative Study

Consumer Loyalty: Brand Perception, Trust, Product Quality, and the Mediating Role of Customer Satisfaction

Muhammad Eko Rizky, Misti Hariasih Hariasih — Sun, 01 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigates the influence of brand image, brand trust, and product quality on consumer loyalty towards Converse footwear, utilizing customer satisfaction as an intervening variable. Conducted among Converse shoe consumers in Sidoarjo, the research employs a quantitative approach with accidental sampling. Data is collected through questionnaires distributed to consumers. Path analysis using SPSS reveals that brand image, brand trust, and product quality significantly affect consumer loyalty through customer satisfaction as an intervening factor. These findings provide valuable insights for brand management and marketing strategies in the global footwear industry.

Highlights:

The study focuses on consumer loyalty in the context of Converse footwear.
It highlights the role of customer satisfaction as an intervening variable.
Findings provide insights for global brand management and marketing strategies.

Keywords: Brand Image, Brand Trust, Product Quality, Consumer Loyalty, Customer Satisfaction

Job Satisfaction: Motivation, Empowerment, Compensation, and Transformational Leadership Impact

Beti Aprilia Pratiwi, Sriyono Djemain — Sun, 01 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to investigate the influence of work motivation, employee empowerment, compensation, and transformational leadership on job satisfaction among employees. Employing a quantitative research design with hypothesis testing, a sample of 75 respondents from various professional backgrounds participated in the study using the accidental sampling technique. Data collected through Likert-scale questionnaires were analyzed using the SmartPLS 3.0 software. The results demonstrate that work motivation, employee empowerment, compensation, and transformational leadership are all positively and significantly related to job satisfaction. These findings highlight the importance of these factors in enhancing job satisfaction, which has implications for organizations seeking to improve employee well-being and productivity.

Highlights:

Positive Relationships: Work motivation, employee empowerment, and compensation positively impact job satisfaction.
Leadership Influence: Transformational leadership significantly contributes to higher job satisfaction.
Organizational Implications: Findings have practical implications for enhancing employee well-being and productivity.

Keywords: Job Satisfaction, Work Motivation, Employee Empowerment, Compensation, Transformational Leadership

Motivation's Mediating Role in HR Information System , Career Development, and Employee Performance.

Ahmad Rivaldi Mareyza, Sumartik — Sun, 01 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This quantitative study aims to examine the influence of HR Information System (HRIS), career development, and organizational commitment on employee performance, with motivation as an intervening variable. The research population consists of 147 employees, with a sample of 60 selected using simple random sampling. Data collection employed questionnaires and interviews, with data analysis conducted using SmartPLS 3.2.8 software. The path analysis revealed that HRIS significantly affects employee performance, while career development and organizational commitment do not. HRIS and career development significantly influence motivation, while organizational commitment does not. Moreover, motivation significantly impacts employee performance. Notably, HRIS and career development have a significant impact on employee performance through motivation as an intervening variable, whereas organizational commitment does not have a significant influence on employee performance through motivation as an intervening variable. This study underscores the pivotal role of motivation in enhancing employee performance and provides valuable insights for organizations seeking to optimize their HR practices.

Highlights:

HR Information System's significant impact on employee performance.
Motivation's pivotal role as an intermediary in the relationship between HRIS, career development, and employee performance.
Insights for optimizing HR practices in organizations.

Keywords: HR Information System, Career Development, Organizational Commitment, Motivation, Employee Performance

Consumer Choices: Impact of Advertising, Promotions, and Brand Image in Simpati Data Packages.

Mohammad Nafi Hartanto, Mudji Astuti — Sun, 01 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This quantitative research aimed to investigate the individual and combined effects of advertising, sales promotion, and brand image on purchase decisions among consumers in Dusun Kedurus, Desa Kepatihan, Tulangan, Sidoarjo. A sample of 30 respondents was surveyed using questionnaires, and data were analyzed through multiple linear regression using SPSS 18.0. The findings revealed that advertising, sales promotion, and brand image had a partial and positive influence on purchase decisions. Moreover, when considered simultaneously, these factors collectively played a significant role in shaping consumers' purchase decisions. This study provides valuable insights for marketers and businesses in enhancing their marketing strategies to effectively influence consumer purchase behavior.

Highlights:

The study explores the impact of advertising, sales promotion, and brand image on consumer purchase decisions.
Quantitative research with a sample of 30 respondents in a specific location provides valuable insights.
Findings emphasize the need for effective marketing strategies to influence consumer behavior.

Keywords: Purchase decisions, Advertising, Sales promotion, Brand image, Consumer behavior

Quality, Service, and Price: Key Drivers of Food Purchase Decisions in Indonesia

Intan Dewi Oktafiyanti, Supardi, Dewi Komala Sari — Mon, 03 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to determine the purchase decision on product quality, service quality, and price of Nasi Goreng 69 in Sidoarjo. In this study using quantitative research and this study using a sampling technique that is Non Probability Sampling with Accidental Sampling type. The sample in this research is 96 respondents. Sources of data collection using a questionnaire method that uses a Likert scale 1-5. The data analysis method uses the Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis with the Outer Model and Inner Model Tests. The results of this study indicate that variable product quality effect on purchasing decisions, variable service quality effect on purchasing decisions and variable price effect on purchasing decisions

Navigating the Risk Terrain in Small Business Economics

Tursunov Mansur Bekpulatovich — Tue, 04 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This article explores various methods for analyzing and assessing the risks faced by small businesses, emphasizing economic and financial indicators. Key areas of risk assessment include identification, analysis, and comparative evaluation of risks, each employing specific tools. The study highlights the importance of understanding operational risks, based on ISO 31000:2009 standards, and provides detailed methods for evaluating risks related to assets, solvency, and financial stability. It also discusses the implications of liquidity and solvency risks on business operations, offering a structured approach to mitigating these risks.

Highlights:

Identify Risks: Focus on assets, solvency, and liquidity risks.
Operational Standards: Use ISO 31000:2009 to manage operational risks.
Financial Analysis: Evaluate stability and solvency for business growth.

Keywords: Risk Assessment, Small Businesses, Economic Indicators, Financial Stability, ISO 31000

Transparency and Accountability Deficits in Indonesian Orphanage Financial Reporting

Zuhrina Rahayu Nisa, Heri Widodo — Fri, 06 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Non-profit organizations play a critical role in society, yet their financial reporting practices often lack the rigor of for-profit entities. This study examines the financial reporting of the Darul Aitam Orphanage Foundation, focusing on its compliance with ISAK 35 standards and its implementation of transparency and accountability principles. Despite the importance of these principles for trust and efficiency, a knowledge gap exists regarding their application in non-profit orphanages. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method, utilizing primary and secondary data from monthly reports, and collects data through observations, interviews, and documentation. Findings reveal that the Darul Aitam Orphanage Foundation has not adopted ISAK 35 standards and fails to fully implement transparency and accountability in its financial reporting. The financial records are rudimentary, noting only cash inflows and outflows, and lack detailed information needed by external stakeholders. These results underscore the need for improved financial practices in non-profit organizations to enhance accountability and transparency, thereby fostering greater trust and support from stakeholders.

Highligt:

The Darul Aitam Orphanage Foundation's financial reports do not adhere to ISAK 35 standards.
The orphanage's financial practices lack comprehensive transparency and accountability.
Enhanced financial reporting practices are necessary for better external analysis and stakeholder trust.

Keywoard: Financial Reporting, Non-Profit Organizations, ISAK 35 Compliance, Transparency, Accountability

Social Media, Friendships, and Financial Literacy Drive Millennial Investments

Nesti Istichomah, Wisnu Panggah Setiyono — Fri, 06 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study explores the factors influencing millennial interest in investing, focusing on social media usage, investment understanding, and friendships. Using a quantitative approach, data was gathered from 100 respondents through questionnaires and analyzed with IBM SPSS 16. The results indicate that social media usage, investment knowledge, and friendships each significantly affect millennials' interest in investing, both individually and collectively. These findings highlight the pivotal role of digital platforms, financial literacy, and social networks in shaping investment behaviors among millennials.

Highlight:

Social media usage significantly influences millennials' investment interest.
Investment understanding is crucial for millennials' investment decisions.
Friendships play a key role in shaping millennial investment behaviors.

Keywoard: Millennials, Investing, Social Media, Financial Literacy, Friendships

Optimizing Village Economy Through Improved BUMDes Management in Indonesia

Bella Ayu Sabrina, Lailul Mursyidah — Sat, 07 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study examines the management of BUMDes Sedayu Prima Makmur in Kludan Village, Sidoarjo, identifying issues that hinder significant progress. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. Analysis revealed that while goal-setting and procedures are well-implemented, poor marketing limits product visibility. Organizational challenges include a lack of management members and insufficient village government knowledge about BUMDes. Despite good guidance and coordination, supervision is weak due to the absence of annual reports and limited village government involvement. The study highlights areas for improvement to enhance BUMDes performance and support village economic development.

Highlight:

Effective planning is hindered by poor marketing of existing programs.
Organizational structure suffers from insufficient management members.
Supervision lacks due to absence of annual reports and limited involvement.

Keywoard: BUMDes, village economy, management, marketing, organizational challenges

Boosting Employee Performance through Empowerment and Job Satisfaction in Indonesia

Ardi Saputro, Sumartik — Sat, 07 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This research investigates the impact of Employee Empowerment, Work Environment, and Work Stress on Employee Performance, with Job Satisfaction as an intervening variable at PT. Rui Xue International. Despite the recognized importance of these factors, there is limited understanding of their combined effects in the context of Indonesian companies. The study employs a quantitative survey method with a descriptive approach, encompassing a sample of 61 employees selected through saturation sampling. Data were collected via questionnaires and analyzed using Partial Least Squares (PLS) path analysis with Smart PLS Version 3.0 software. Findings reveal that Employee Empowerment and Work Environment positively influence Employee Performance and Job Satisfaction. Work Stress does not significantly affect Employee Performance directly but significantly impacts Job Satisfaction, which in turn affects Employee Performance. The results underscore the importance of fostering employee empowerment and a conducive work environment to enhance performance, while managing work stress through improving job satisfaction. These insights contribute to the strategic management of human resources in similar organizational settings.

Highlight:

Employee empowerment significantly enhances both job satisfaction and employee performance.
A positive work environment greatly impacts job satisfaction and performance.
Work stress affects performance indirectly through job satisfaction.

Keywords: Employee Empowerment, Work Environment, Work Stress, Employee Performance, Job Satisfaction

Optimizing Retail Employee Performance through Organizational Justice and Culture Factors

Cahyono Dimas, Rifdah Abadiyah — Sat, 07 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Human resources play a crucial role in organizational progress, with employee performance often measured against set standards. This study investigates the impact of organizational culture and justice on employee performance through job satisfaction at PT. Lion Superindo, a retail company in Sidoarjo. Using quantitative methods, surveys were conducted across three branches, analyzing validity, reliability, and regression. Findings indicate a significant relationship between positive organizational culture, fair treatment, job satisfaction, and enhanced employee performance. These insights emphasize the importance of fostering a positive work environment and fairness to improve employee satisfaction and overall organizational performance.

Highlight:

Relationship: Unveils significant ties between organizational factors and employee performance.
Methodology: Quantitative approach employs surveys and statistical analysis for robust investigation.
Implications: Highlights importance of organizational culture and fairness for enhanced performance.

Keywoard: Organizational Culture, Organizational Justice, Employee Performance, Job Satisfaction, Retail Industry

Location, Quality, and Price Drive Home Purchases in Indonesia

Muhammad Afif Syaifudin, Misti Hariasih, Dewi Komala Sari — Sat, 07 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study examines the influence of location, product quality, and price on purchasing decisions at Graha Candi Pratama housing in Indonesia. Despite extensive research on housing purchase decisions, the unique contributions of these factors at Graha Candi Pratama have not been thoroughly explored. A quantitative approach was employed, sampling 96 homeowners via questionnaires, with data analyzed using SPSS 25. Results indicate that favorable location, high product quality, and affordable pricing significantly impact consumer decisions. Developers are advised to consider modern trends, cultural habits, and continually improve design and amenities while maintaining affordable pricing to attract buyers.

Highlight:

Location Impact: Proximity to amenities and transport influences purchase decisions.
Product Quality: High-quality construction and variety increase buyer satisfaction.
Price Affordability: Competitive pricing enhances housing project attractiveness.

Keywoard: Housing purchase decision, location, product quality, price, consumer behavior

Financial Stability Drives Fraud in Indonesian Manufacturing

Andini Nabila Firdaus, Heri Widodo — Sat, 07 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigates the influence of financial stability, external pressure, and financial targets on financial statement fraud in food and beverage manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange from 2017 to 2022. Using a quantitative approach with secondary data from 10 companies, we conducted multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS 26. Results indicate that financial stability significantly impacts financial statement fraud, while external pressure and financial targets do not. The findings suggest that improving financial stability can reduce financial statement fraud, highlighting the need for further research on the roles of external pressure and financial targets.

Highlight:

Financial Stability: Significantly impacts financial statement fraud.
External Pressure: Does not significantly affect financial statement fraud.
Financial Targets: No significant influence on financial statement fraud.

Keywoard: Financial stability, external pressure, financial targets, financial statement fraud, Indonesian Stock Exchange

Unveiling the Impact of Factors on Taxpayer Compliance

Nova Atul Arini, Herman Ernandi — Sun, 08 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Tax compliance significantly impacts tax revenue, with increased compliance correlating to heightened state revenue. This study investigates the influence of taxpayer awareness, taxation understanding, tax sanctions, and tax service quality on tax compliance among motor vehicle taxpayers at the Sidoarjo Samsat Office. The research employs a quantitative descriptive approach, utilizing primary data gathered through questionnaires. The population consists of 955,635 registered taxpayers, with 100 selected through incidental sampling. Findings reveal that taxpayer awareness, taxation understanding, tax sanctions, and service quality positively influence tax compliance. This study addresses a gap in understanding taxpayer behavior and provides insights for policymakers to enhance compliance strategies, thereby optimizing tax revenue.

Highlight:

Descriptive quantitative approach: Primary data collected via questionnaires.
Key findings: Factors affecting tax compliance elucidated.
Policy insights: Informing strategies for enhancing tax compliance and revenue.

Keywoard: Tax compliance, Awareness, Understanding, Sanctions, Service quality.

Influence of Brand Image, Product Quality, and Price on Digital TV Buying Interest in Indonesia

Dwi Ayu Miftakhul Qiftiyah, Sumartik — Sun, 08 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study examines the impact of Brand Image, Product Quality, and Price on consumer buying interest in digital TV products in Mojokerto. Using a quantitative descriptive approach, data were collected from 100 respondents through online questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression with SPSS. The results show that Brand Image, Product Quality, and Price significantly influence consumer interest. A positive Brand Image builds trust and preference, high Product Quality enhances perceived value, and competitive pricing motivates purchases. These findings suggest that companies should focus on these factors to boost consumer interest in digital TVs. Future research should investigate additional factors and expand to larger urban areas for broader insights.

Highlight:

Significant Impact: Key factors influence consumer interest in digital TVs.
Positive Perception: Strong Brand Image builds consumer trust and preference.
Value Perception: High Quality and competitive pricing boost product value.

Keywoard: Brand Image, Product Quality, Price, Consumer Buying Interest, Digital TV

Compensation, Teamwork, and Job Satisfaction Boost Employee Performance in Indonesia

Ajeng Karuniya Putri, Hasan Ubaidillah — Sun, 08 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This research examines how compensation, teamwork, and job satisfaction affect employee performance at UD Rifki Muslim Jaya in Mojokerto. Limited research exists on these factors in small-scale enterprises in Indonesia, prompting this study. Using quantitative methods and random sampling, data were collected from 80 employees via questionnaires. Multiple regression analysis with SPSS showed that compensation, teamwork, and job satisfaction significantly impact employee performance both individually and collectively. The findings highlight the need for managers to enhance these factors to boost productivity and performance.

Highlight:

Compensation, teamwork, and job satisfaction significantly impact employee performance.
Used random sampling and multiple regression analysis.
Findings emphasize focusing on these factors to enhance productivity.

Keywoard: Compensation, Teamwork, Job Satisfaction, Employee Performance, Quantitative Research

Boosting Local Economy Through Strategic Tourism Development in Indonesia

Vitra Pratama Ramadani, Hendra Sukmana — Sun, 08 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This research aims to analyze and describe the strategies implemented by BUMDES Sumber Lestari in developing the Sumber Dhuwur tourist attraction. Tourism development significantly influences regional and citizen income, job creation, and economic activities. Utilizing qualitative methods, data were collected through interviews with village officials, the BUMDES chairman, local residents, and visitors, along with observations and documentation. The study uses qualitative descriptive analysis, involving data reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. Results indicate that BUMDES Sumber Lestari has effectively focused on infrastructure and facility development, but has yet to optimize human resource management in tourism and the creative economy. The research provides insights into strategic planning for rural tourism development, emphasizing the need for comprehensive human resource strategies to enhance competitiveness and economic impact.

Highlight:

Effective infrastructure and facility development by BUMDES Sumber Lestari.
Human resource management needs optimization in tourism.
Strategies enhance income and job creation.

Keywoard: Tourism Development, BUMDES Strategy, Infrastructure, Human Resources, Economic Impact

Global Study Revolutionizes Bankruptcy Prediction

Ervina Indah Ansari, Duwi Rahayu — Sun, 08 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study evaluates bankruptcy potential in food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2018-2022 using four methods: Grover, Springate, Zmijewski, and Altman. Analyzing data from 31 sampled companies, the research employs descriptive quantitative methods and SPSS 26 analysis. Findings reveal varied bankruptcy predictions: Grover predicts 3 potential bankruptcies, Springate identifies 18, Zmijewski finds none, and Altman predicts 14. Notably, Zmijewski's method demonstrates superior accuracy. These results aid investors in understanding company performance and inform future financial strategies, addressing a critical need in early bankruptcy prediction for the food and beverage industry. Future research may explore additional prediction models and extend the study period to enhance predictive accuracy further.

Highlight:

Diverse methods: Grover, Springate, Zmijewski, Altman offer varied bankruptcy predictions.
Zmijewski's accuracy: Highest accuracy among methods for bankruptcy prediction.
Investor insight: Guides future financial decisions based on company performance analysis.

Keywoard: Bankruptcy, Food & beverage, Stock Exchange, Analysis, Prediction.

Impacts of Brand, Price, and Promotion on Modest Fashion Purchases

Elok Zahrotul Lailah, Misti Hariasih — Sun, 08 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This research investigates the influence of Brand Image, Price, and Promotion on Purchase Decisions for Gamis Pelangi Hijab in Driyorejo, employing a descriptive quantitative approach. Utilizing multiple linear regression analysis on data collected from 96 respondents via purposive sampling, the study reveals significant effects: (1) Brand Image positively influences purchasing decisions; (2) Price has a significant impact on purchasing choices; (3) Promotional activities affect purchase decisions. Through regression analysis using SPSS 22, the study elucidates the pivotal role of these factors in consumer behavior, providing insights for marketers aiming to enhance consumer engagement and strategic marketing initiatives in the modest fashion industry.

Highlight:

Quantitative analysis of purchase decisions for modest fashion.
Sample selection based on non-probability purposive sampling technique.
Multiple linear regression analysis conducted using SPSS version 22.

Keywoard: Gamis Pelangi Hijab, Purchase Decisions, Brand Image, Price, Promotion

Maximizing Employee Performance through Rewards, Culture, and Training

Ridwan Purnomo, Hasan Ubaidillah — Sun, 09 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigates the impact of rewards, organizational culture, and training on employee performance at PT Harapan Sejaterah Karya Utama. Through quantitative analysis, utilizing primary data from distributed questionnaires and secondary data from relevant sources, the research reveals that rewards, organizational culture, and training individually and collectively positively influence employee performance. The findings underscore the importance of providing rewards such as additional salary and bonuses for achieving targets, enhancing organizational culture to foster a conducive work environment, and promoting open communication between employees and management. These implications offer actionable insights for organizations, facilitating the optimization of employee performance and overall organizational success.

Highlight:

Rewards, culture, and training enhance employee performance significantly.
Open communication fosters synergy between employees and management.
Optimization leads to improved organizational success.

Keyword: Rewards, Organizational Culture, Training, Employee Performance, PT Harapan Sejaterah Karya Utama

Uncovering Employee Engagement in the Power of Leadership, Communication, and Teamwork Study

Indah Wulandari, Vera Firdaus — Sun, 09 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigates the impact of servant leadership, communication, and teamwork on employee engagement at PT Irawan Djaja Agung, aiming to address a gap in research regarding their combined influence in Indonesian organizations. Through a quantitative survey of 70 employees and analysis using Smart-PLS Version 3.0, the research finds significant positive relationships between servant leadership, communication, teamwork, and employee engagement. The results highlight the importance of nurturing supportive leadership, enhancing communication channels, and fostering teamwork to bolster employee engagement. Organizational leaders are urged to consider implementing recognition and reward systems, while employees are encouraged to strengthen interpersonal relationships for improved collaboration. Further research could delve into additional factors affecting employee engagement in similar contexts.

Highlight:

Synergy of Leadership, Communication, Teamwork.
Quantitative Analysis with Smart-PLS.
Actionable Insights for Organizational Improvement.

Keyword: Servant leadership, Communication, Teamwork, Employee engagement, Organizational development

Unlocking Supply Chain Excellence through Delivery Prioritization

Devany Arsi Ramadhan, Hana Catur Wahyuni — Sun, 09 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigates supply chain performance prioritization and improvement strategies for PT. XYZ, a starter card distributor facing operational challenges. Utilizing SCOR and F-AHP methodologies, the research identifies delivery as the highest priority criterion for enhancement, with a weight of 0.49. Recommendations include refining delivery systems, engaging customer feedback, and implementing software solutions to minimize inconsistencies. These findings offer valuable insights into supply chain management for similar distributors, aiming to enhance efficiency, customer satisfaction, and market competitiveness.

Highlight:

SCOR and F-AHP used for supply chain evaluation.

Delivery prioritized for optimization, key to customer satisfaction.

Recommendations: refine systems, engage feedback, implement software for consistency.

Keyword: Supply Chain Management, SCOR, F-AHP, Performance Prioritization, Delivery Optimization

Uncovering Workplace Dynamics from their Impact on Job Satisfaction

Ferdi Rahmad Irawan, Herlinda Maya Kumala Sari — Sun, 09 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigates the relationship between workplace conflict, job stress, compensation, and job satisfaction within PT Otsuka Indonesia Distribution. Using quantitative methods and data from 101 employees, findings reveal that workplace conflict and job stress negatively impact job satisfaction, while compensation has a positive effect. These factors collectively influence job satisfaction, highlighting the importance of addressing workplace dynamics for organizational success.

Highlight:

Quantitative analysis: Conflict, stress, compensation's impact on job satisfaction.

Conflict, stress reduce; compensation boosts job satisfaction.

Understanding key factors vital for organizational success and employee well-being.

Keyword: Konflik di Tempat Kerja, Stres Kerja, Kompensasi, Kepuasan Kerja, Analisis Kuantitatif

Revolutionizing Fast Food Marketing Strategy using Kotler's Approach

Neni Dwi Riris Setyowati, Kumara Adji Kusuma — Sun, 09 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigates marketing strategies and service quality's impact on consumer decisions to purchase fast food at M2M, employing Kotler's marketing mix strategy. Using a qualitative approach, the research explores elements of the marketing mix—product, pricing, promotion, and distribution—influencing marketing success. Interviews with M2M managers and on-site observations provide insights. Findings highlight segmentation, targeting, and positioning processes, emphasizing mass marketing via social media. Key aspects include market penetration through affordable pricing and forward integration by collaborating with street food vendors. Implications suggest enhancing product innovation and understanding competitors' offerings. This research contributes to understanding effective marketing strategies in the fast-food industry, informing future business practices.

Highlight:

Impact of marketing mix on consumer behavior.

Influence of service quality on purchase decisions.

Application of Kotler's strategy in fast food industry.

Keyword: Marketing strategy, Service quality, Consumer decisions, Fast food industry, Kotler's marketing mix.

Revolutionizing Tax Compliance Through Attitudes and Knowledge Worldwide

Shintya Wardani, Sigit Hermawan — Sun, 09 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigates the factors influencing individual taxpayer compliance at the South Sidoarjo Pratama Tax Office in Indonesia. Utilizing data from 75 respondents collected through questionnaires, the research examines the impact of attitudes, subjective norms, behavioral controls, and tax knowledge on compliance. Results indicate that attitudes and tax knowledge significantly influence compliance, while subjective norms and behavioral controls show no significant effect. These findings underscore the importance of fostering positive attitudes and enhancing tax knowledge to improve compliance among individual taxpayers. However, strategies targeting subjective norms and behavioral controls may require further exploration. Policymakers can utilize these insights to tailor interventions aimed at enhancing tax compliance, particularly in local tax offices like the South Sidoarjo Pratama Tax Office.

Highlight:

Attitudes Drive Compliance: Positive perceptions significantly influence individual taxpayer compliance.

Knowledge Enhances Compliance: Understanding tax regulations fosters better compliance.

Policy Tailoring for Compliance: Insights aid policymakers in designing effective compliance strategies.

Keyword: Tax compliance, Attitudes, Subjective norms, Behavioral controls, Tax knowledge

Blackpink's Celebrity Endorsement Shapes Global Oreo Purchase Intentions

Ina Fitria, Mas Oetarjo — Mon, 10 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This research investigates how Celebrity Endorsement and Brand Image influence Purchase Intention for Oreo Blackpink products, with Brand Attitude as a mediator, aiming to fill a gap in understanding consumer behavior in the context of South Korean music group endorsements. Using quantitative techniques and data from 177 respondents who had seen advertisements and purchased Oreo Blackpink products, the study found that Celebrity Endorsement and Brand Image positively and significantly influence Brand Attitude. However, Brand Image did not significantly affect Purchase Intention, while Celebrity Endorsement and Brand Attitude had a positive and significant impact on Purchase Intention. The findings emphasize the importance of celebrity endorsement selection and Brand Attitude in shaping consumer perceptions and purchase intentions, providing insights for marketing strategies in competitive markets targeting emerging demographics.

Highlight:

Celeb Influence: Key in shaping perception and purchase for Oreo Blackpink.

Attitude's Role: Crucial mediator between endorsement, image, and purchase intention.

Strategic Insight: Selective endorsement and positive attitude enhance consumer engagement.

Keyword: Celebrity Endorsement, Brand Image, Purchase Intention, Brand Attitude, Oreo Blackpink

Location and Brand Image Outshine Price in Homebuyer Decisions in Indonesia

Dian Ramadhani, David Sukardi Kodrat — Wed, 17 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

General Background: The increasing population in Medan has led to a rising demand for housing, prompting competition among companies to provide secure and comfortable upper-middle-class residences. Specific Background: Citraland Helvetia serves as a case study to understand the dominant factors influencing consumer decisions in purchasing homes. This study specifically investigates whether price, location, promotion, brand image, and facilities significantly impact the purchase decisions at Citraland Helvetia. Knowledge Gap: Previous research has not conclusively identified which factors are most influential during the product launch phase for residential properties in this region. Aims: This study aims to identify the dominant factors affecting consumer purchasing decisions during the product launch of Citraland Helvetia, focusing on location, brand image, and price. Results: The study found that location and brand image are the two most influential factors in the decision-making process, while price has a significant impact but is not as dominant. Promotion and facilities also positively influence purchasing decisions. Novelty: The research provides empirical evidence highlighting the critical role of location and brand image over price during the initial launch phase, which contrasts with the common perception that price is the primary determinant. Implications: These findings suggest that developers should prioritize strategic location selection and strong brand image development to attract buyers. Enhancing these elements can lead to better consumer satisfaction and potentially higher investment returns. The study's insights can inform future urban development and marketing strategies in the housing sector, particularly in emerging urban areas like Medan.

Highlights:

Dominant Factors: Location and brand image drive home purchase decisions.
Price Impact: Less significant during initial product launch phase.
Strategic Focus: Prioritize location and brand image for buyer attraction.

Keywords: Housing demand, Medan, Consumer decision, Location, Brand image

Emotional Experiences Drive Customer Loyalty in Indonesia

Gideon Carakaardi Wicaksana, Elia Ardyan — Wed, 17 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

General Background: Customer loyalty has evolved significantly with the rise of technology and social media, where emotional experiences now play a crucial role. Specific Background: This study focuses on Taman Dayu, a resort villa in Pasuruan, East Java, known for its natural scenery and ambience. Knowledge Gap: There is limited research on how emotional experiences and service quality influence consumer loyalty in the property sector, particularly in the context of Taman Dayu. Aims: This research aims to analyze how consumers form emotional bonds with brands and properties and examine the role of service quality in strengthening these relationships. Method: The study used a quantitative approach with a sample of 106 respondents from 250 distributed questionnaires, processed using SPSS. The research involved creating a questionnaire that adapted operational items from previous studies. Emotional experience, customer loyalty, and service quality were the key variables examined. A simple moderation regression method was employed to determine if the relationship between emotional experience and customer loyalty is moderated by service quality. Results: The findings indicate that emotional experiences significantly impact consumer loyalty. Positive emotions such as happiness and satisfaction lead to higher loyalty levels, characterized by repeat purchases and recommendations. Although service quality did not significantly moderate the relationship between emotions and loyalty, it was found to enhance positive emotional experiences, underscoring its importance in fostering consumer loyalty. Novelty: This research highlights the significant impact of emotional experiences on consumer loyalty in the property industry, a relatively underexplored area, especially for a specific location like Taman Dayu. Implications: The study suggests that property managers should focus on enhancing emotional experiences and maintaining high service quality to build and strengthen emotional bonds with consumers, ultimately increasing loyalty. Future research should consider larger, more diverse samples and explore additional variables such as pricing and secondary market dynamics to provide a more comprehensive understanding of consumer loyalty.

Highlight:

Positive emotions significantly boost customer loyalty.
Service quality enhances emotions but doesn't moderate loyalty.
Future research should use diverse samples and explore pricing and promotions.

Keyword: Customer loyalty, emotional experience, service quality, Taman Dayu, quantitative research

Developing an Accounting Information System Based on Artificial Intelligence to Improve the Quality of Accounting Information and the Decision-Making Process

Fayiz Hazem Al-Obaidy — Wed, 07 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000

General Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) enables systems to understand and interpret data, facilitating intelligent decision-making without human interaction. Specific Background: Traditional accounting systems are fraught with flaws that compromise the quality of accounting information and decision-making processes. Knowledge Gap: There is a need for advanced AI applications to improve the accuracy of accounting data by precisely evaluating vast amounts of data, identifying errors and corrections, and accelerating financial report creation. Aims: This quantitative study aims to enhance accounting information quality by developing an AI-based accounting information system and examining its impact on the decision-making process. Results: The research utilized questionnaires to gather opinions from accountants at Rafidain Bank, Iraq, and analyzed the data using SPSS. Findings reveal that modern AI technologies significantly enhance accounting data accuracy, with a 90% success rate in detecting and correcting errors. Additionally, AI technology accelerates financial reporting, reducing the average response time to 250 milliseconds, thereby saving time and effort in accounting processes. Novelty: This study is pioneering in its comprehensive evaluation of AI's role in improving accounting data accuracy and operational efficiency within financial institutions. Implications: The research underscores the importance of upgrading device and data processing infrastructure to maximize the performance of AI-based accounting systems. The findings suggest that integrating contemporary AI technology in accounting can streamline operations, save accountants time, and boost the overall efficiency of financial and accounting institutions.

Highlight:

AI improves accounting data accuracy with 90% error detection and correction.
AI accelerates financial reporting, reducing response times to 250 milliseconds.
Upgraded infrastructure is crucial for optimal AI system performance.

Keyword: Artificial Intelligence, Accounting Information, Data Accuracy, Financial Reporting, Decision-Making

HR Re-engineering Elevates Banking Performance in Commercial Banks

Dr. Ali Kadhim Saddam, Mr. Oday Hussein Ali, Mr.Rafid Khudhur Radhi Alsaedi — Thu, 08 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000

General Background: Re-engineering human resources (HR) is a critical method for enhancing organizational efficiency and performance, especially in sectors like banking where customer satisfaction, employee satisfaction, profit growth, and diversity of services are pivotal. Specific Background: This research investigates the impact of HR re-engineering on banking performance, focusing on organizational, human, and technological dimensions. Knowledge Gap: Despite extensive studies on HR re-engineering, its direct correlation with banking performance, particularly in commercial banks, remains underexplored. Aims: The study aims to clarify and apply HR re-engineering methods to improve banking performance, using a questionnaire, personal interviews, and field observations on a random sample of 200 respondents, analyzed via SMART PLS software. Results: Statistical analysis revealed a significant correlation between HR re-engineering and improved bank performance. Key findings indicate that HR re-engineering enhances employee morale and organizational efficiency, ultimately boosting customer satisfaction, employee satisfaction, profit growth, and service diversity. Novelty: This study uniquely combines multiple data collection methods and advanced statistical analysis to provide robust evidence of the positive impact of HR re-engineering on banking performance. Implications: The findings suggest that banks should invest in HR re-engineering programs, focusing on training, skill development, and technological integration to improve performance. These programs should be supported by adequate material and financial resources to ensure their success, thereby enhancing the competitive edge of banks in a dynamic environment.

Highlights:

Correlation and Impact: HR re-engineering boosts banking performance significantly.
Methodology: Used questionnaires and SMART PLS for robust analysis.
Implementation: Invest in HR training and technology for enhanced competitiveness.

Keywords: HR re-engineering, banking performance, customer satisfaction, employee satisfaction, SMART PLS

Impact of Safeguard Measures Import Duty Tax (BMTP) in Efforts to Increase Protection and Competitiveness of Textile Products

Hidayatal Aliyah, Akhmad Mulyadi — Mon, 23 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

General background: The Safeguard Measures Import Duty Tax (BMTP) policy has been implemented to protect domestic industries from the adverse effects of rising imports. Specific background: In Indonesia, the textile industry has faced significant competition from imported goods, which threatens the competitiveness of local products. Knowledge gap: However, there is limited research on the effectiveness of the BMTP in enhancing protection and competitiveness, particularly in the context of the Juanda Customs and Excise Service Office. Aims: This study aims to evaluate the impact of BMTP on the protection and competitiveness of domestic textile products through qualitative methods, including observation, interviews, and documentation. Results: The findings reveal that the implementation of BMTP is effective in controlling and reducing the volume of imported textiles, thereby contributing to increased protection for domestic producers. Novelty: This research provides new insights into the specific application of BMTP at Juanda and highlights the use of Nvivo12 Plus software for qualitative analysis, offering a novel approach to triangulating data and ensuring validity. Implications: The results imply that BMTP can be a viable policy mechanism to safeguard domestic industries, particularly in sectors vulnerable to import surges, such as textiles, potentially informing future policy decisions to enhance industrial competitiveness.

Highlights:

BMTP effectively reduces textile imports, enhancing domestic protection.
Nvivo12 Plus aids in qualitative data analysis for reliable results.
The study offers insights into BMTP's specific application at Juanda Customs.

Keywords: Import Duty Safeguard, Protection, Textile

Highlighting the Urgent Need for Reforms in the Face of Financial Failures at State-Owned Enterprises in Iraq

Ibrahim Naeem Hasan — Mon, 14 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

General Background: The financial analysis of companies' reports is critical for assessing their past performance, forecasting future results, and identifying operational strengths and weaknesses. Specific Background: Financial failure, which occurs when a company cannot generate adequate returns to cover costs and capital expenses, poses significant risks to stakeholders. For state-owned companies, the implications of financial failure are especially profound, given their integral role in national economies, such as Iraq's. Knowledge Gap: There is limited understanding of the extent to which state-owned companies in Iraq utilize financial analysis to predict financial failure, particularly in the context of economic transitions and privatization pressures. Aims: This study aims to evaluate the dependence of Iraqi state-owned companies on financial analysis as a predictive tool for financial distress and to identify the key factors contributing to their financial failures. Results: The research reveals that 42% of the companies examined have experienced financial failure, as measured by the Argenti index. Contributing factors include employment challenges, insufficient financing, and the transition from a socialist to a capitalist economy, which has left companies vulnerable to privatization. Novelty: The study provides novel insights into how economic transition impacts the financial stability of state-owned companies, highlighting the practical application of the Argenti index in diagnosing financial weaknesses. Implications: The findings underscore the urgent need to support state-owned enterprises by revitalizing the industrial sector, improving administrative efficiency, and adopting more systematic financial analysis tools. Additionally, the research recommends creating an accessible information center for investors and creditors, which would enhance transparency and support decision-making. This approach could help mitigate financial distress and attract new investment, ultimately contributing to Iraq’s economic recovery.

Highlights:

Financial analysis helps predict failures in state-owned companies.
42% of companies fail, based on the Argenti index.
Privatization and economic shifts increase financial risk.

Keywords: Financial analysis, Argenti index, state-owned companies, financial failure, privatization

Enhancing Global Poliomyelitis Surveillance Performance is Crucial for Eradication Efforts

Arkan Hashim Ibrahim, Mazin Khalid Abdullah, Marwah Q. Salman — Fri, 18 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Poliomyelitis remains a significant public health challenge, with global efforts focused on its eradication. One critical strategy in this endeavor is the implementation of an acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance system, which is essential for early detection and response to poliovirus transmission. Specific Background: Despite the system's importance, there is limited evaluation of its performance, particularly in regions like Diyala province, Iraq. Knowledge Gap: Previous studies have not adequately assessed the AFP surveillance performance indicators specific to this region, necessitating a comprehensive analysis. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the performance indicators of the AFP surveillance system in Diyala province during 2021, utilizing established World Health Organization (WHO) standards. Results: The cross-sectional study analyzed data from seven primary health care centers. Key findings revealed a Non-Polio Acute Flaccid Paralysis rate of 5.11 per 100,000 children under 15 years. Performance indicators included 100% reporting completeness, 95% timeliness of notification and investigation, and 97% stool quality for laboratory analysis. Furthermore, 97.3% of specimens reached the national laboratory within three days, demonstrating high operational efficiency. Novelty: This study is one of the first to provide a detailed evaluation of the AFP surveillance system in Diyala province, highlighting areas of strength and compliance with WHO targets. Implications: The findings underscore the effectiveness of the AFP surveillance system in this region, suggesting that its continued implementation can significantly contribute to the global eradication efforts of poliomyelitis while also serving as a model for similar evaluations in other regions.

Highlights:

High reporting completeness and timeliness in AFP surveillance.
Non-Polio AFP rate exceeds WHO targets, indicating effective monitoring.
Study supports global efforts toward poliomyelitis eradication.

Keywords: Poliomyelitis, Acute Flaccid Paralysis, Surveillance System, Performance Indicators, Iraq

Methodology of Reflection of Cash Flows of Capital Investments in Financial Statements According to International Standards

Mukhammadiev Zarrukh Umarovich — Sun, 03 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In the article, the information covered in the cash flow statement, the actual state of the reflection of items related to capital investments in the form of this report was studied, and recommendations were developed for the reflection of information on capital investments in the statement of cash flows. Also, international experiences reveal the issues of covering long-term assets such as investment property and biological assets in the cash flow statement

Highlights:

Analyzed cash flow statements and capital investment reflections.
Developed recommendations for reporting capital investments.
Examined international practices on long-term asset reporting.

Keywords: statement of cash flows, capital investments, capital investment accounting, investment property, biological assets, accounting, international standards of financial reporting

Optimizing Profitability Through Resource Management in Kashkadarya's Hotel Industry

Berdiyev Jasur Kuldoshevich — Tue, 05 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: The hotel industry significantly influences regional economies, yet maximizing internal profitability remains challenging, especially for small businesses. Gap: Limited research addresses internal factors boosting profitability in regional hotel enterprises. Aim: This study examines how internal resources—like employee productivity and investment—impact profitability in Kashkadarya’s hotels. Results: Analysis shows profitability rates vary, with some hotels performing below the 8.77% average. Novelty: A predictive model reveals correlations between resources, labor efficiency, and profitability. Implications: Strategic resource optimization can enhance hotel industry profitability, offering insights for further research in similar sectors.

Highlights:

Internal resources, like employee productivity and investment, are key to boosting profitability.
Profitability varies significantly, with some hotels below the 8.77% average.
Strategic resource optimization can enhance overall industry profitability.

Keywords: Hotel Industry, Profitability, Internal Resources, Financial and Economic Indicators

Opportunities For Direct Foreign Investment in Small Industrial Zones in The Context of Economic Modernization

Halimzhanov Dilshod Ergashbekovich — Fri, 08 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

At the present stage of the development of the world economy, the development of economic policy features that contribute to the socio-economic sustainable development of regions and their radical implementation into real life is becoming increasingly important every day. Increasing the possibilities of attracting foreign direct investment in the spheres and sectors of the economy, modernization of industrial enterprises, introduction of advanced foreign equipment and technologies into production is largely due to the creation of special economic zones, including small industrial ones. Based on this, the chosen research topic is becoming relevant today.

Highlights:

Strengthen economic zones for sustainable regional development and foreign investment.
Promote innovation, tech upgrades, and public-private partnerships in industrial zones.
Enhance investor protection, legal frameworks, and skilled workforce for economic growth.

Keywords: investments, investment policy, structural policy, industrialization, modernization, foreign investments, special economic zone, industrial zone, small industrial zone, youth industrial zone.

Effective Sedation Strategies for Pediatric MRI: A Comprehensive Analysis

Ahmed Nooruldeen Abdulrahman, Wisam Adnan Mahmood, Zinah Noorulden Abdulrahman — Thu, 04 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study presents a structured sedation program for pediatric patients undergoing MRI, aiming to optimize safety and resource utilization. A total of 1857 children were included, with 48 admitted to the RCU, leaving 1809 for analysis. Children under 5 received oral sedation, while those 6 and older were assessed by referring physicians for sedation eligibility. The protocol involved chloral hydrate and paraldehyde, with a backup plan for intravenous sedation or general anesthesia overseen by an anesthetist consultant. Among 1039 scans, 597 were unsedated, and 442 were sedated successfully. Oral sedation failed in 50 cases (6.9%), predominantly in younger children (87% under 5 years). Notably, 2 out of 5 subjects using chloral hydrate experienced respiratory issues. This systematic approach led to efficient resource use and safe outcomes, highlighting the importance of tailored sedation protocols in pediatric imaging.

Highlights:

Reduced oral sedation failure rate to 6.9% in pediatric MRI.
Anesthetist consultation enhances safety in MRI sedation procedures.
Structured program optimizes resources and ensures safe outcomes in pediatrics.

Keywords: Pediatric MRI, Sedation Program, Anesthetist Consultation, Oral Sedation, Resource Utilization

Educational Boost Slashes SIDS Risk Awareness Gap Among Nurses in Iraq

Safa Ahmed Mohammed, Afifa Radha Aziz — Tue, 14 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study evaluates the impact of an educational program on nurses' knowledge of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) risk factors at pediatric teaching hospitals in Baghdad City. Using a quasi-experimental design with fifty nurses divided into a control and a research group, we assessed knowledge levels through pre-tests and two post-tests. Results indicated that the educational intervention significantly improved nurses' knowledge from 60% to 76%, although this effect diminished slightly over time. The study underscores the importance of continuous education in enhancing nurse awareness and the implementation of safe sleep practices to reduce SIDS occurrences.

Highlights:

Educational Impact: The study demonstrates a significant increase in nurses' knowledge about SIDS risk factors following an educational intervention.
Sustained Learning: Knowledge gains were observed to diminish slightly over time, highlighting the need for ongoing educational programs.
Practical Implications: Enhanced nurse training supports safer sleep practices, potentially reducing the incidence of SIDS.

Keywords: Nurse Education, Knowledge, Risk Factors, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, Safe Sleep Practices

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Musculoskeletal Complaints Among Clinical Healthcare Workers

Mohamad A. Akber — Fri, 17 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigated the prevalence and risk factors of musculoskeletal complaints among health workers in clinical wards, examining the relationship between these complaints and various work-related and personal variables. Conducted between December 2022 and April 2023, this descriptive study utilized a non-probability, voluntary sample of 100 health workers. Results indicated that 26% of participants reported lower back pain, 49% arm or neck complaints, 44% regular back pain, and 51% leg complaints. Key risk factors included extended work hours without breaks (67%), time pressure (33%), lifting (45%), and stooping (54%). Despite high medium-risk exposure (85%), no participants reported high-risk levels. This study highlights the significant burden of WMSDs among clinical healthcare workers and underscores the need for interventions to reduce duce these risks and improve occupational health.

Highlight:

Prevalence: A significant portion of healthcare workers reported musculoskeletal complaints, with 51% experiencing leg pain and 49% arm or neck pain.
Risk Factors: Key risk factors identified include prolonged work hours without breaks (67%), time pressure (33%), lifting (45%), and stooping (54%).
Implications: The study underscores the need for targeted interventions to mitigate WMSDs and improve the occupational health of clinical healthcare workers.

Keywords: Musculoskeletal Disorders, Healthcare Workers, Risk Factors, Occupational Health, Clinical Wards

Association between Relative Risk Factor (RR) and ABO Blood Groups with Clinical Parameters in Patients with SARS-Cov-2

Abdullah Fakhir Yousif, Abeer Ghassan Mahdi — Sun, 23 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigates the correlation between ABO blood groups and SARS-CoV-2 infection among 1,303 participants from Babylon, comprising 397 infected individuals and 906 healthy controls. It explores three primary axes: genetic inheritance of ABO blood groups in 200 families, distribution of these blood groups in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the relationship of these blood groups with various physiological indicators in infected, recovered, and healthy subjects. The findings reveal that the AB blood group is disproportionately associated with a higher infection rate (RR = 1.808), whereas the O group shows a lesser susceptibility (RR = 0.901). Additionally, physiological changes such as decreased lymphocytes, MCH, and MCHC, alongside increased WBC, CRP, Ferritin, D-dimer, and LDH levels were noted in infected individuals. This study underscores the potential of ABO blood groups as a factor in COVID-19 infection risk, suggesting a direction for future research into tailored medical responses based on genetic predispositions.

Highlights:

Blood Group Impact: AB group had higher COVID-19 infection rates; O group had lower.
Physiological Indicators: Infected individuals showed significant changes in key blood parameters.
Medical Strategy: Findings suggest potential for personalized medical approaches based on ABO blood groups.

Keywords: SARS-Cov-2, ABO Blood Groups, Relative Risk Factor

Internet Addiction Among Middle Eastern Students Significantly Impacts Mental Health

Sun, 23 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Excessive internet use leads to problematic Internet usage (PIU), causing psychological, academic, and occupational issues. This study reviews 22 recent studies from PubMed, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate to assess internet addiction (IA) among Middle Eastern students and its link to anxiety and depression. The findings indicate a high prevalence of IA, significantly correlated with mental health disorders and negatively impacting academic performance. Enhanced assessment tools, a better understanding of IA's causes, and innovative interventions are needed to address this issue and mitigate its negative effects on students' mental health and academic outcomes.

Highlight:

High Prevalence: Internet addiction is common among Middle Eastern students.
Mental Health Impact: Significant correlation between internet addiction, anxiety, and depression.
Academic Decline: Internet addiction negatively affects students' academic performance.

Keywoard: Internet addiction; mental health; academic performance; Middle Eastern students; anxiety

The Study On Antioxidant And Anti-Inflammatory Effects Of Sodium Copper Chlorophyllin In Male Rats Receiving Indomethacin

Ibrahim H. Muslim, Nadheerah F. Neamah, Falah H. Shari — Sun, 07 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Sodium copper chlorophyllin (SC-C) is widely used for its biological properties and color. This study evaluated SC-C's antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects in male rats treated with indomethacin. Fifty rats were divided into five groups: control, indomethacin, rabeprazole, and two SC-C dosages (35 mg/kg and 70 mg/kg). Indomethacin reduced serum GPx levels, but rabeprazole and SC-C treatments restored them. MDA levels increased with indomethacin but normalized with other treatments. Indomethacin also lowered IL-10, IL-4, and TNF, which returned to normal in treated groups. Histopathology showed SC-C reversed liver damage from indomethacin. SC-C demonstrates strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent.

Highlight:

SC-C significantly restores serum GPx levels reduced by indomethacin.
SC-C normalizes MDA, IL-10, IL-4, and TNF levels, countering oxidative stress.
Histopathology shows SC-C reverses liver damage induced by indomethacin.

Key wards: Sodium copper chlorophyllin, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, indomethacin, oxidative stress

Knowledge of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever among Nurses at Al-Nasiriyah City Hospitals in Iraq

Khulood Mohammed Jasim, Ibtisam Khalaf Abd Ali — Tue, 06 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: CCHF caused by a tick-borne virus from the Bunyaviridae family, is a severe viral hemorrhagic fever with a mortality rate of 10–40%. Specific Background: Despite their critical role in treating and preventing CCHF, comprehensive research on CCHF transmission and knowledge among healthcare workers, especially nurses in Al-Nasiriyah, Iraq, is lacking. Knowledge Gap: Current literature lacks detailed studies on the awareness and preparedness of nurses regarding CCHF in high-risk areas. Aims: Aims to assess the knowledge of nurses concerning CCHF in Al-Nasiriyah’s educational hospitals and identify gaps in their understanding to improve disease management and prevention strategies. Results: Utilizing a descriptive cross-sectional design, the study surveyed 500 nurses across five teaching hospitals. The average age of participants was 28.83 years, with a predominant proportion holding diplomas and obtaining information primarily from social media. The results revealed that nurses' knowledge about CCHF was suboptimal, with 69.4% of correct answers and a predominance of moderate knowledge levels. Novelty: This research provides novel insights into the knowledge deficits among nurses in an endemic region, highlighting the critical need for targeted educational interventions. Implications: The findings underscore the necessity for comprehensive educational courses on occupational safety and disease prevention tailored to healthcare workers in endemic areas, aiming to enhance their knowledge and preparedness against CCHF.

Highlights:

Knowledge Gaps: Nurses’ CCHF understanding is inadequate.
Educational Need: Targeted training can improve disease management.
Information Sources: Social media use highlights need for reliable sources.

Keywords: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, nurses' knowledge, endemic regions, healthcare education, CCHF prevention

Investigation and Finite Element Analysis of The Distal Weight-Bearing Implant

Muntadher Saleh Mahdi, Dunya Abdulsahib Hamdi — Mon, 12 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000

General Background: Osseointegration. a critical advancement in prosthetics, significantly benefits individuals with transfemoral amputations by enhancing their quality of life through innovative implant systems. Specific Background: The study examines a novel distal weight-bearing implant from 17 global systems, featuring a composite nanocoating of hydroxyapatite and silica, evaluated through finite element analysis and mechanical testing. Knowledge Gap: Research on nanocoating's impact on mechanical performance and its integration into advanced prosthetic designs is limited, despite extensive exploration of various implant systems. Aims: The study evaluates the distal weight-bearing implant's effectiveness, focusing on the nanocoating's role in shock absorption and mechanical stability during various gait cycle phases. Results: The design process involved creating a Ti-6Al-4V femoral stem and UHMWPE spacer, with the implant subjected to FEA under gait cycle conditions. Nanocoated samples demonstrated effective shock absorption, though with slightly reduced mechanical properties. The implant’s performance was evaluated for heel strike, midstance, and pre-swing phases, showing adequate load-bearing capacity within safe thresholds. Novelty: This study introduces a detailed analysis of nanocoating impacts on implant performance and integrates biomechanical forces into FEA for enhanced prosthetic design evaluation. Implications: Research indicates nanocoating enhances shock absorption, but further studies are needed to balance mechanical properties with biocompatibility and biological response, potentially improving amputee care outcomes.

Highlights:

Advanced Implant Design: Transition from transfemoral to knee disarticulation.
Nanocoating Impact: Enhances shock absorption; minor mechanical property reduction.
FEA Results: Confirms load-bearing capacity through gait cycle phases.

Keywords: osseointegration, distal weight-bearing implant, nanocoating, finite element analysis, gait cycle

Cladophora spp. Extracts Show Remarkable Antibacterial Potential Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Hussain Adnan Hussain, Ezat H. Mezal, Ahmed. S. Alashoor — Thu, 22 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Bacterial resistance, influenced by genetic processes and adaptive strategies, necessitates the discovery of novel antibacterial agents, especially from natural sources. Specific Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a notorious pathogen in urinary tract infections (UTIs), demonstrates considerable resistance to conventional therapies, necessitating alternative therapeutic approaches. Knowledge Gap: Research indicates that while natural sources like Cladophora spp. offer antibacterial agents, their effectiveness in combating P. aeruginosa resistant strains remains underexplored. Aims: This study aims to evaluate the antibacterial potential of Cladophora spp. algae extracts against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from UTIs, utilizing solvent extraction, MIC determination, disc diffusion assays, and GC-MS analysis to identify bioactive compounds. Results: All extracts, including those prepared with water, ethanol, and hexane, demonstrated inhibitory effects on P. aeruginosa. The hexane extract exhibited the most significant activity, with a mean zone of inhibition of 13.0 ± 0.7 mm at a concentration of 50%. GC-MS analysis identified several bioactive compounds potentially responsible for these effects. Novelty: This study is among the first to investigate Cladophora spp. as a source of antibacterial agents specifically targeting P. aeruginosa, providing new insights into the potential of algae-based therapeutics. Implications: Cladophora spp. holds promise as a source of novel antibacterial compounds, with potential for multidrug-resistant infections treatments. Further research is needed for clinical application.

Highlights:

Hexane Extract: Most effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Novel Source: Cladophora spp. shows potential as antibacterial agent.
GC-MS Findings: Identified key bioactive compounds.

Keywords: Cladophora spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, antibacterial agents, natural extracts, GC-MS analysis

Identification Methods of Helicobacter Pylori Bacteria

Hanaa Daaj Khalaf Al-Mozan, Hussam Saadi Aziz — Thu, 22 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Helicobacter pylori is a well-known carcinogenic pathogen associated with gastrointestinal diseases, often infecting individuals during childhood and persisting asymptomatically for years. Specific Background: The failure to diagnose H. pylori early can result in severe health consequences, making timely and accurate diagnosis critical to preventing its spread. Knowledge Gap: Diagnostic methods' effectiveness depends on patient age, economic status, and operator skill, with some tests being expensive and influenced by protocol adherence. Aims: The study evaluates the efficacy of various diagnostic methods for H. pylori, focusing on the accuracy, reliability, and practicality of invasive and non-invasive techniques. Results: Invasive methods like histology, endoscopy, culture, rapid urease test, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) provide direct detection of the bacterium, while non-invasive methods such as the urea breath test, stool antigen assay, and serology offer indirect detection without requiring endoscopy. PCR, when conducted with appropriate primers and gene targets, remains the most accurate diagnostic tool. Novelty: The study emphasizes the superior diagnostic value of PCR due to its precision, despite challenges related to operator skill and procedural compliance. Implications: The study emphasizes the significance of selecting suitable diagnostic methods based on patient-specific factors and the need for skilled execution for accurate results in managing and treating H. pylori infections.

Highlights:

PCR Accuracy: Most reliable H. pylori test with correct primers and targets.
Operator Skill: Diagnosis depends on skilled execution and procedural adherence.
Test Selection: Choose based on patient age, economic status, and method availability.

Keywords: Helicobacter pylori, diagnosis, gastrointestinal diseases, PCR, invasive tests

Elevated Cadmium Drives Calcium Deficiency in Renal Failure Patients

Mostafa Salim Mohammed — Fri, 23 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Renal failure (RF) is a significant health issue with various etiological factors, including environmental toxins. Specific Background: Cadmium (Cd), a known toxic heavy metal, has been implicated in renal damage, while calcium (Ca) levels may also be affected. Knowledge Gap: The relationship between Cadmium and Calcium levels in RF patients, despite the well-established link between heavy metals and renal impairment, remains underexplored. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate changes in blood serum Cd and Ca levels in RF patients and investigate their correlation. Methods: The study, conducted in Iraq from July 2023 to February 2024, involved 150 participants, including 100 RF patients and 50 healthy controls, and used Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy for analysis. Results: The mean Cd level was significantly higher in RF patients (2.30 µg/L) compared to controls (1.44 µg/L, P < 0.05). Conversely, the mean Ca level in RF patients was significantly lower (36.06 mg/dL) compared to controls (51.85 mg/dL, P < 0.05). A significant negative correlation between Cd and Ca levels was found (P ≤ 0.001). Novelty: This study provides novel insights into the detrimental impact of elevated Cd levels on Ca status in RF patients. Implications: The study underscores the necessity of controlling Cd exposure and Ca levels in renal function (RF) management to mitigate its environmental impact on renal health.

Highlights:

Higher Cd Levels: Increased cadmium in RF patients.
Lower Ca Levels: Decreased calcium in RF patients.
Negative Correlation: Cadmium inversely affects calcium levels.

Keywords: Cadmium, Calcium, Renal Failure, Heavy Metals, Blood Serum

Honey Enhances Antibiotic Effectiveness Against Urinary Tract Infections

Fri, 23 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are prevalent across all ages and genders and pose significant treatment challenges, often requiring alternative therapeutic approaches due to increasing antibiotic resistance. Specific Background: The study examines the impact of antibiotics and honey on bacterial UTIs, revealing 17 cases, primarily caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Knowledge Gap: The study evaluates the effectiveness of honey in combining antibiotics with anise and spring flower honey, focusing on its potential to enhance antimicrobial effects in UTIs. Results: Biochemical analysis and VITEK diagnostics revealed significant bacterial growth. Antibiotic susceptibility tests showed varied effectiveness, with spring flower honey enhancing the activity of nitrofurantoin (35%), trimethoprim (17.6%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (23.5%), tetracycline, and norfloxacin (35.2%). Anise honey also demonstrated notable synergistic effects, particularly with norfloxacin (47%) and tetracycline (41%). Novelty: This study highlights the potential of combining honey with antibiotics to combat UTIs, offering new insights into alternative treatment strategies and demonstrating significant synergy with specific antibiotics. Implications: The findings suggest that incorporating honey into UTI treatments could improve therapeutic outcomes and help mitigate the growing issue of antibiotic resistance. Further research is needed to identify active compounds in honey and optimize their use with antibiotics.

Highlights:

Enhanced Efficacy: Honey boosts antibiotic effectiveness against UTIs.
Resistance Solution: Combines honey to counteract antibiotic resistance.
Honey Variability: Different honeys show varied synergistic effects.

Keywords: Urinary Tract Infection, Antibiotics, Honey, Synergistic Effect, Antibiotic Resistance

Xylazine-Ketamine Outperforms Diazepam-Ketamine in Rabbit Anesthesia

Mohammed R. Abduljaleel — Fri, 30 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Limited research on the effects of ketamine combinations on rabbit anesthesia underscores the need for safe and effective injectable methods. Specific Background: This study compares the efficacy and safety of two anesthetic combinations—xylazine-ketamine and diazepam-ketamine —in rabbits to address this gap. Knowledge Gap: Ketamine combinations are commonly used in rabbits, but there is limited data on their effects on analgesic properties and anesthesia duration. Aims: The study assesses the onset of righting reflex loss, analgesia duration, recumbency duration, and standing attempts in rabbits treated with XK and DK. Results: Ten healthy rabbits were administered XK (5 mg xylazine and 10 mg ketamine per kg) or DK (1 mg diazepam and 30 mg ketamine per kg) intramuscularly. The study found no significant difference in OLRR between the groups. Only XK produced significant analgesia (OA: 4.5±0.2 min, DA: 45.1±1.9 min), while DK showed no analgesic effect. DR and ATS were significantly shorter in XK (56.1±3.1 min and 7.3±0.7 min) compared to DK (121.1±7.5 min and 25.3±1.2 min). Novelty: The study compares XK and DK in rabbits, finding XK provides superior analgesia and faster recovery times, while DK is ineffective for pain management. Implications: The study indicates that XK is more effective for analgesic procedures, while DK is recommended for painful treatments with additional analgesics.

Highlights:

XK Provides Analgesia: Only Xylazine-Ketamine offers significant pain relief.
Shorter Recovery Time: XK results in quicker recovery compared to DK.
DK Needs Supplement: Diazepam-Ketamine requires additional analgesics for pain management.

Keywords: Anesthesia, Xylazine-Ketamine, Diazepam-Ketamine, Rabbits, Analgesia

Revolutionizing Postpartum Hemorrhage Prediction with Insights from Iraq

Ola Abdullah Alshaibani , Zahraa Khudair Husein — Tue, 03 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a severe complication affecting women with gestational hypertension or preeclampsia, yet predictive models for PPH in this population remain underdeveloped. Specific Background: Existing studies have not adequately addressed the combined influence of antepartum and intrapartum factors on the predictability of PPH. Knowledge Gap: There is a lack of comprehensive models integrating both antepartum and intrapartum variables to predict PPH risk in women with gestational hypertension or mild preeclampsia. Aims: The study investigates the predictability of preeclampsia (PPH) in women with gestational hypertension or preeclampsia at term using logistic regression models incorporating both antepartum and intrapartum factors. Methods: The study, conducted in Karbala, Iraq, involved 1252 women with hypertension or preeclampsia, developed two logistic regression models, and assessed their predictive efficacy using receiver operating characteristic analysis and calibration techniques. Results: A study found that 168 participants (10.4%) experienced preterm pregnancies, with antepartum predictors including maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI, and preeclampsia, and intrapartum factors like gestational age and labor duration. Novelty: The study introduces a novel predictive model for Pregnancy-Positive Hypertension (PPH) that integrates antepartum and intrapartum variables for risk assessment in high-risk populations. Implications: The study suggests that combining antepartum and intrapartum variables can improve risk stratification and preventive measures, requiring further refinement for improved maternal care outcomes.

Highlights:

Antepartum and intrapartum variables enhance PPH prediction accuracy.
Model B outperforms antepartum-only model in predicting PPH.
Results stress need for improved risk stratification and prevention strategies.

Keywords: postpartum hemorrhage, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, predictive modeling, logistic regression

Protection Effect of Soy Isoflavones (Genistein and Daidzein) on Hematologic Parameters in Acute Kidney Injury

Hawraa Mohammed, Asia S. Abdullah, Muhsin S.G. AL‑Mozie'l — Sat, 14 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a severe, high-morbidity condition with limited effective preventative and therapeutic strategies despite advancements in understanding and treatment. Specific Background: Rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) presents significant challenges in renal research, but soy isoflavones, particularly GN and DZ, have shown potential in mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation. Knowledge Gap: Soy isoflavones, while potentially providing renal protection, their impact on renal and hematologic parameters in glycerol-induced AKI models has not been thoroughly studied. Aims: The study evaluated the effectiveness of soy isoflavones in regulating renal and hematologic parameters in a glycerol-induced AKI rat model, assessing their potential as therapeutic agents. Results: The study involving adult female Wistar rats showed that pretreatment with glycerol or dihydroxystilbene significantly reduced urinary β2-microglobulin, albumin, BUN, and serum creatinine levels in the AKI-induced group, reversing hematological changes. Novelty: The study explores the protective effects of soy isoflavones on renal function and hematologic parameters in AKI, highlighting GN's superior efficacy over DZ. Implications: Soy isoflavones, particularly GN, may be potential preventive or therapeutic strategies for AKI caused by rhabdomyolysis, warranting further research for clinical applications.

Highlights:

GN and DZ reduce kidney damage in glycerol-induced AKI.
GN is more effective than DZ in kidney and blood parameters.
Soy isoflavones could treat or prevent AKI.

Keywords: Acute kidney injury, soy isoflavones, glycerol-induced AKI, renal protection, hematologic parameters

Critical Knowledge Gap in Blood Transfusion Among University Students in Iraq

Noor J. Mohammad — Sun, 29 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Blood transfusion, a crucial part of modern medical treatment, is believed to be the first successful organ transplant and plays a vital role in modern healthcare interventions. Knowledge gap: Despite its importance, awareness and knowledge about blood transfusion and donation are insufficient, particularly among university students. Aims: This study aims to assess student knowledge regarding blood transfusion and to raise awareness about blood donation. Methods: A cross-sectional study at Bab Al-Zubair University involved 200 students, assessing blood transfusion knowledge using a questionnaire and SPSS version 16, with statistical analysis. Results: The study revealed that 46% of students had no knowledge of blood transfusion, while only 31% had information on transfusion and donation. Social media was the primary information source for 32% of students, with only 9% undergoing regular blood tests. Moreover, 82.5% of students had never attended a seminar on blood donation. Novelty: This study highlights a significant gap in knowledge and awareness among students regarding blood transfusion and donation, emphasizing the role of social media as a key information source. Implications: The study emphasizes the need for targeted educational interventions in university curricula to enhance student awareness and knowledge about blood donation and transfusion.

Highlights:

Knowledge Gap: 46% of students lack information on blood transfusion.
Seminar Absence: 82.5% never attended blood donation seminars.
Educational Need: More training and seminars required to increase awareness.

Keywords: Blood transfusion, Student knowledge, Blood donation, Awareness, Cross-sectional study

A Study of Diabetes Correlated Emotional Distress among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A cross Sectional Study

Saja Kareem Jassim, Zahraa Abbass, Ali Malik Tiryag — Mon, 14 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Diabetes distress (DD) is a significant concern for individuals with type 2 diabetes, marked by emotional strain related to disease management and support, distinct from general psychological distress. Specific Background: Addressing DD can improve self-care practices and glycemic control, yet limited research exists on the relationship between emotional distress and sociodemographic factors in this population. Knowledge Gap: This study aims to fill this gap by exploring how sociodemographic traits influence emotional distress among type 2 diabetes patients. Aims: The primary objectives are to identify the correlation between emotional distress and diabetes and to determine the impact of sociodemographic characteristics on this distress. Results: A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at the Endocrinology and Diabetes Center in Al-Basrah City included 150 patients aged 50–65 years, with a significant proportion of men (63.3%). The findings revealed a mean emotional distress score of 3.81, indicating high distress levels, with physician-associated distress at 3.32 and regimen-related distress at 3.48. Novelty: This research highlights the strong correlation between emotional and diabetes-related distress, particularly across different age and gender demographics, thus emphasizing the need for tailored interventions. Implications: The study emphasizes the importance of incorporating psychological assessments into diabetes management and policymakers' consideration of emotional dimensions in health program designs to improve patient self-management and quality of life.

Highlights:

Diabetes distress impacts self-care and glycemic control.
Socio-demographics influence emotional distress levels in patients.
Psychological assessments are crucial in diabetes management strategies.

Keywords: diabetes distress, emotional distress, type 2 diabetes, sociodemographic factors, healthcare interventions

Flavonoids from Verbascum thapsus Protect Against Nephrotoxicity in Rats

Hawraa Chasib Bukhibkh — Mon, 14 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

General Background: Nephrotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) poses significant health risks, prompting the exploration of natural antioxidants for renal protection. Specific Background: Verbascum thapsus, a plant known for its flavonoid content, has shown potential in mitigating oxidative stress, but its specific protective effects against CCl4-induced nephrotoxicity remain under-investigated. Knowledge Gap: While previous studies have indicated antioxidant properties of flavonoids, their efficacy in renal preservation in vivo has not been fully elucidated. Aims: The study evaluated the antioxidative and nephroprotective properties of flavonoids from Verbascum thapsus leaves in a rat model of CCl4-induced nephrotoxicity.Results: Rats were divided into three groups: control, CCl4-treated, and flavonoid plus CCl4-treated. Biochemical analyses revealed that CCl4 significantly elevated malondialdehyde (MDA), urea, creatinine, and uric acid levels while decreasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) levels. Notably, flavonoid administration markedly reduced MDA, urea, creatinine, and uric acid levels and enhanced SOD and GSH levels compared to the CCl4-only group. Novelty: This study uniquely highlights the protective role of flavonoids from Verbascum thapsus against nephrotoxicity, demonstrating both their antioxidative capacity and renal preservation in an experimental model. Implications: The findings support the potential use of Verbascum thapsus as a therapeutic agent in the management of kidney diseases, suggesting further investigation into its application in clinical settings to address nephrotoxicity and related renal disorders.

Highlights:

Nephroprotective: Flavonoids significantly protect against CCl4-induced kidney damage.
Biochemical Enhancement: Improved antioxidant levels; reduced harmful biochemical indicators.
Therapeutic Potential: Supports natural treatments for kidney diseases.

Keywords: Verbascum thapsus, flavonoids, nephrotoxicity, antioxidants, carbon tetrachloride

Higher Serum Level of MMP-3 and Homocysteine in Patients Admitted With COVID-19

Tue, 15 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: SARS-CoV-2 predominantly affects the lungs, leading to severe acute respiratory syndrome (ARDS). The lack of specific biomarkers underscores the urgent need for novel indicators for early diagnosis and severity assessment of COVID-19. Specific Background: Matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) is implicated in various inflammatory diseases, particularly viral infections, while homocysteine (Hcy) plays a crucial role in maintaining cell homeostasis and regulating inflammatory responses. Knowledge Gap: Despite their relevance in inflammation, the potential of MMP-3 and Hcy as biomarkers for COVID-19 remains underexplored. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the serum levels of MMP-3 and Hcy in COVID-19 patients and assess their utility in diagnosis and severity prediction. Results: A study analyzing 90 serum samples from 60 ICU patients and 30 healthy controls found elevated CRP levels, higher Hcy and MMP-3 levels in the moderate group, but lower in the ICU group, with a significant correlation between MMP-3 activity and Hcy levels. Novelty: This research highlights the potential role of MMP-3 and Hcy as valuable biomarkers for COVID-19 diagnosis. Implications: While MMP-3 and homocysteine may aid in the diagnostic process, they could not be reliably used to predict severity outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Further studies are warranted to clarify the clinical implications of these biomarkers in the context of COVID-19.

Highlights:

MMP-3 and homocysteine identified as potential COVID-19 biomarkers.
No correlation found between biomarkers and disease severity.
Further research needed for clinical utility assessment.

Keywords: COVID-19, MMP-3, homocysteine, biomarkers, diagnosis

Study of Some Apoptotic Protein Expration in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells During Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

Tue, 15 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection is a significant health concern, particularly during pregnancy, as it can lead to fetal harm and birth abnormalities. Specific Background: The role of apoptosis in managing T. gondii infection remains poorly understood, particularly regarding its molecular mechanisms. Knowledge Gap: The impact of T. gondii infection on apoptosis in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from human umbilical cords has not been thoroughly studied in existing literature. Aims: This study aimed to investigate the activation of apoptosis and its regulatory mechanisms in human Wharton’s Jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) during T. gondii infection. Results: Using non-enzymatic techniques, we isolated T. gondii from infected and aborted phase-specific placentas. Our findings demonstrated a significant increase in the expression of apoptosis-activating genes (CASP2, CASP3, Bak1) in WJ-MSCs following infection, with a marked decrease in cell viability observed within 2 to 4 hours of exposure to the parasite (P≤0.05). Novelty: This study provides novel insights into the relationship between T. gondii infection and apoptosis in WJ-MSCs, highlighting the specific gene expression changes that occur in response to infection. Implications: Research on T. gondii's apoptotic pathways is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies to mitigate pregnancy-related adverse effects and improve maternal and fetal health outcomes.

Highlights:

Increased Apoptosis: T. gondii enhances apoptosis in mesenchymal stem cells.
Cell Viability Impact: Significant decrease in WJ-MSC viability after infection.
Clinical Relevance: Insights can inform strategies to reduce fetal infection risks.

Keywords: Toxoplasma gondii, apoptosis, Wharton’s Jelly mesenchymal stem cells, pregnancy, gene expression

Prevalence of a Subtype in Iraqi Donations of National Blood Transfusion Center

Yaqoob A. Wahid, Esraa K Shanyoor, Eman N. Naji, Marwah A Abduljabar — Wed, 16 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

General Background: The ABO blood group system is essential in blood transfusion, with subtypes of A and B groups influencing clinical outcomes. Specific Background: Subtypes A1 and A2 differ in the amount of antigen on red blood cells, impacting blood typing accuracy. Knowledge Gap: The prevalence of A2 and A2B subtypes in Iraqi donors remains underexplored, and their detection in routine screening can be challenging. Aims: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of A2 and A2B subtypes among Iraqi blood donors and evaluate the necessity of Anti-A1 reagent in accurate subtype identification. Results: In 2022, type O blood donors were the most prevalent, followed by B, A, and AB. A routine screening identified 0% A2 and 0.7% A2B subtypes, but 5% and 14.2% were A2B. Novelty: This study highlights the limitations of routine serological testing in detecting A subtypes, demonstrating that the use of Anti-A1 reagent significantly improves accuracy. Implications: Given the low rate of discrepancy between forward and reverse grouping, the Anti-A1 reagent should be routinely used for detecting A subtypes in clinical settings. Additionally, molecular techniques may be required to distinguish between rarer A subtypes such as A3, Ax, and Am.

Highlights:

ABO subtypes A1 and A2 are vital for precise blood transfusion typing.
Routine tests miss A2; Anti-A1 reagent ensures accurate subtype detection.
Molecular techniques help identify rarer subtypes like A3 and Ax.

Keywords: ABO system, blood subtypes, Iraqi donors, Anti-A1 reagent, blood typing

The Effects of Crude Alkaloid Extracts of Convolutes Arvensis on Tumour Cell Lines and Their Potential For Toxicity

Arwa Alaa Hussein — Thu, 17 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

General Background: Cancer remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide, and the search for effective treatments continues to intensify. Specific Background: Convolvulus arvensis has been traditionally used for medicinal purposes, but its potential as an anticancer agent is underexplored. Knowledge Gap: The cytotoxic and apoptotic mechanisms of crude alkaloids extracted from C. arvensis against specific cancer cell lines have not been fully characterized. Aims: This study investigates the antioxidant activity and cytotoxic effects of C. arvensis crude alkaloids on mouse liver cancer (HC) and human breast cancer (AMJ13) cell lines, focusing on apoptosis-related gene expression. Results: The antioxidant activity of C. arvensis was comparable to that of ascorbic acid, with inhibition rates of 92.01% at 500 µg/ml. Crude alkaloids demonstrated dose-dependent cytotoxicity, with a maximum inhibition rate of 82.65% in AMJ13 cells and 79.49% in HC cells at 500 µg/ml. Gene expression analysis revealed upregulation of caspase-9, indicating apoptosis via the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway. Novelty: This study is among the first to provide molecular evidence of C. arvensis-induced apoptosis through the intrinsic pathway, offering a novel insight into its anticancer potential. Implications: These findings suggest that C. arvensis alkaloids could be developed as a therapeutic option for cancer treatment, with future studies needed to isolate specific compounds and assess their in vivo efficacy.

Highlights:

C. arvensis alkaloids show antioxidant activity similar to ascorbic acid.
Alkaloids inhibit liver and breast cancer cell growth dose-dependently.
Apoptosis triggered via caspase-9 through the mitochondrial pathway.

Keywords: Convolvulus arvensis, alkaloids, cancer, apoptosis, antioxidant

Important Probiotics to Management of Urinary Tract Infections in Women

Ali Abd Kadhum — Mon, 28 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

General Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are prevalent among women, often leading to repeated antibiotic treatment or surgical intervention, which increases healthcare costs. Specific Background: The rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria complicates treatment strategies, necessitating alternative approaches to manage recurrent UTIs effectively. Knowledge Gap: Despite the documented benefits of probiotics in various health contexts, their role in preventing recurrent UTIs, particularly in regions like Nasiriyah City, remains inadequately explored. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of different probiotic strains (Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus reuteri, and Lactobacillus acidophilus) as adjuncts to conventional treatments in reducing UTI recurrence among women. Results: A total of 150 female participants were recruited, with 100 having a history of recurrent UTIs and 50 serving as a control group. The study revealed that Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus reuteri significantly reduced UTI recurrence rates compared to placebo, while Lactobacillus acidophilus demonstrated moderate efficacy. The analysis also indicated a high prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria among UTI cases, highlighting the need for innovative treatment strategies. Novelty: This research uniquely contributes to the understanding of probiotic supplementation in UTI management, emphasizing the potential of Lactobacillus strains as effective preventative measures against recurrent infections. Implications: The study suggests incorporating probiotics, specifically Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus reuteri, into clinical practice to reduce antibiotic reliance and improve patient outcomes.

Highlights:

Probiotics reduce UTI recurrence rates effectively.
High antibiotic resistance highlights need for alternatives.
Consider probiotics as complementary therapy for better outcomes.

Keywords: urinary tract infections, probiotics, Lactobacillus, multidrug-resistant bacteria, prevention

Intensive Care Unit Staffs' Knowledge about Glasgow Coma Scale

Wed, 30 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The Glasgow scale is a crucial tool for evaluating the awareness level of patients with neurological disorders in intensive care units and neurological centers. This scale involves three items for assessing: the degree of eye response, the degree of verbal response, and the degree of motor response in a range between 3-15 score, where 3 is the lowest score on the scale, which indicates loss of consciousness or a deep coma, and 15 is the highest score, which represents full consciousness. The study aims to evaluate the understanding of the Glasgow coma scale among Intensive Care Unit Staff. A descriptive study (cross-sectional design) was used. A study was carried out in the Intensive Care Unit at Al-Diwaniya Teaching Hospital in The Al-Dıwanıyah City,Iraq. The study was conducted from November 2sd , 2023, to 16th April , 2024. Non-probability (purposive) sample consisting of (50 staff) working in the ICU. The results of this study included (64%) are female and (36%) are male from 50 staffs in intensive care unit. while , the overall level of ıntensive care unit staffs' knowledge about the glasgow coma scale was fair level (68%) at mean of scores (1.42). The researchers concluded that the level nurses' and anesthesia technicians' knowledge about the Glasgow coma scale was not at the level required to fit with the critical and special nature of ICU. The study recommended activating the work of the continuous medical education unit correctly in order to give educational courses related to Glasgow coma scale

Assessment Awareness about Hand Hygiene among Health Care Providers in Hospitals at Al_Nasiriyah City

Teeba T. Khudair — Thu, 31 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: The World Health Organization emphasizes hand hygiene as a crucial method for controlling hospital infections, emphasizing the need for healthcare workers to have current knowledge on this topic.. Objective: The study evaluates hand hygiene awareness among healthcare providers in AL_Nasiriyah hospitals, identifying factors influencing HH abidance, crucial for patient safety and reducing infectious disease transmission. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in various hospitals in the governorate of AL_Nasiriyah city during the period from May to July 2024 to evaluate awareness Associated to (HH) hygiene among health care providers.by using a special format which included two parts, the first part related to their demographic characteristic and the second part contain multiple questions A purposive sample is selected for the study which sample consisting (171) working various specializations .Date were gathered through the interviewed in workplace and analyzed by using spss 20 through the application of descriptive statistical included (frequencies, percentages, M.S,and S.D). The overall result: The study revealed that over thirty-two percent of the population (63.2%) and those with over six years of health experience have the highest awareness of hand hygiene, influenced by education and experience. Conclusion: This study shows a good level of awareness of hand hygiene among health care practitioners at mean score (1.39) level of awareness regarding answering the questionnaire information. Recommendations: The study suggests continuous training for competent authorities, provision of basic hand hygiene environments, alcohol and sterilizers, and recent hygiene items for health places.

Assessment Serum Level of Antibodies Igg and Igm in Aborted Women with Non-Abortive in AL-Khalis City

Maha Falih Nazzal — Sat, 02 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The current study, which focused on women who had abortions and those who did not, was carried out in AL-Khalis city between April 2023 and August 2023. A survey was created to gather data on every instance that was part of the research. 155 blood samples were examined using a latex test, and the age group of 26 to 30 years old had the greatest abortion rate (31.57%). At the P≤0.05 level, there are notable variations. At 64.63%, the frequency was higher in urban areas, while the middle-class category had the highest rate (87.54%), followed by housewives (60.75%). Additionally, it was shown that women who experienced a first-period miscarriage had a higher infection rate (34.46%). At a rate of 60.97%, the abortion stage was either greater in the first trimester of pregnancy. At the P≤0.05 level, there are notable variations. Out of 155 instances, nine cases (3.44%) were found to be IgM positive for aborted women. The age group of 21–25 years old had the greatest percentage (5.71%). The age group of 26–30 years old had the highest infection rate (31.57%). Out of 155 cases, 5 were found to have both IgM and IgG antibodies, representing a rate of 1.88%. The age group of 21–25 years old had the highest prevalence of abortion, at 2.85%. When the latex test was used to diagnose both abortions, the study revealed a greater percentage of IgG antibody compared to IgM antibody ratios.

Keywords: IgG, aborted, non-abortive women , latex test

Nurses' Knowledge of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Cross-sectional Study

Eman H. Rahi, Zahraa Mahmoud Hussain Al-Hejaj, Ali Malik Tiryag — Sun, 16 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

General Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a spectrum of liver conditions, including simple steatosis, cirrhosis, liver cancer, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Specific Background: Given the increasing prevalence of NAFLD, understanding healthcare professionals' knowledge about this condition is crucial for effective patient care and management. Knowledge Gap: However, there is limited research assessing nurses' knowledge regarding NAFLD, particularly in the context of Basrah City Center Hospitals. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate nurses' knowledge of NAFLD and investigate its relationship with demographic characteristics such as gender, age, years of experience, and departmental affiliation. Results: A cross-sectional survey involving 150 nurses revealed that 57.3% possessed high levels of knowledge regarding NAFLD, while 34% had moderate knowledge. Notably, a significant correlation was found between nurses working at Al-Shifaa Hospital and their knowledge levels. The majority of participants were female (64.7%) and aged 20-30 (72%), with a predominant educational background from Nursing Institutes (39.3%) and fewer than five years of experience (56%). Novelty: This study is pioneering in assessing the knowledge of NAFLD among nurses in Basrah, highlighting specific areas of strength and weakness in their understanding. Implications: The study highlights the need for targeted educational interventions to improve nurses' understanding of NAFLD, leading to improved patient care and outcomes in liver disease management. practice.

Highlights:

Increasing NAFLD prevalence necessitates enhanced healthcare provider awareness.
Nurses showed significant knowledge levels about NAFLD.
Knowledge varies significantly by hospital affiliation.

Keywords: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, nurses' knowledge, Basrah City, cross-sectional study, healthcare education.

Directions for Increasing Green Energy Capacity of Uzbekistan

Toshboyev Bekzod Bakhtiyorovich — Mon, 14 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

General background: The global transition to renewable energy is essential for mitigating climate change and ensuring energy security, and Uzbekistan, with its abundant natural resources, holds significant potential. Specific background: Despite progress, Uzbekistan still relies heavily on fossil fuels, and challenges remain in integrating renewable energy into the national grid. Knowledge gap: Previous studies have focused on the technical and economic benefits of green energy, yet there is limited research on the interplay between market reforms and renewable energy adoption in developing nations like Uzbekistan. Aims: This research aims to assess the current renewable energy policies and propose strategies to enhance Uzbekistan’s capacity, particularly in solar and wind energy. Results: The findings reveal that while Uzbekistan has made strides, substantial reforms in market liberalization and increased investment are necessary to meet its 2030 green energy targets. Novelty: This study offers new insights by integrating a market-based approach to energy reforms with the need for targeted subsidies and international investment, filling a critical gap in the literature on green energy transitions in developing economies. Implications: The results suggest that further policy adjustments, enhanced international cooperation, and financial incentives are vital for accelerating Uzbekistan’s green energy transition, providing a model for similar economies.

Highlights:

Uzbekistan needs substantial market reforms to increase green energy capacity.
Solar and wind energy are key to meeting the 2030 renewable energy goals.
Targeted subsidies and international investment are essential for sustainable energy development.

Keywords: Solar Energy, Wind Energy, Energy Subsidies, Energy Investments, Market Liberalization

Unveiling Baghdad's Urban Identity: A Comprehensive Study on the Dynamics of Urban Imprint

Asawer Abdulrahman Abbas, Shaimaa Hameed Hussein — Fri, 10 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This research examines the "urban imprint" from an environmental and architectural perspective, focusing on Baghdad, Iraq. Analyzing Baghdad's urban evolution, considering social activities, ideological concepts, and economic factors, it aims to delineate characteristics contributing to the city's unique imprint. It underscores urban sprawl, population growth, and modernity's impact on the urban landscape, emphasizing the need for standards aligning with the city's identity. Findings reveal a dynamic process influenced by fixed and variable factors. Implications stress physical form assimilation to reflect local values, promoting sustainable urbanization. The study calls to halt Baghdad's urban deterioration, emphasizing the importance of regularly updating city-specific requirements for urban imprint. This research informs the global discourse on urban identity and design.

Highlights:

This research explores the concept of "urban imprint" with a focus on Baghdad, analyzing its historical evolution and factors shaping its unique urban identity.
It highlights the ongoing dynamics of urban imprint influenced by urban sprawl, population growth, and modernization.
The study emphasizes the need for tailored urban design standards to preserve local identity and promote sustainable urbanization.

Keywords: Urban Imprint, Baghdad City, Urban Identity, Sustainable Urbanization, Environmental Factors

Effect of Stud Connector Diameter on the Behavior of Steel–Lightweight Self-Compacting Concrete Composite Beams with Partial shear Connection

Bayadir Abed Hadi, Samoel Mahdi Saleh — Tue, 02 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigates the efficacy of using lightweight self-compacting concrete (LWSCC) in steel-concrete composite beams, focusing on the role of headed stud connectors in shear connection. The research aimed to evaluate the behavior and shear strength of M16 and M20 headed stud connectors within LWSCC. To this end, six push-out test samples and six simply supported steel-LWSCC composite beams were fabricated and tested, with variables including the degree of shear connection (DSC) and stud diameter. The results demonstrated that an increase in DSC significantly enhanced the ultimate load capacity, service load, and stiffness of the composite beams, with marked improvements observed in the beams with M16 connectors (94%, 95%, and 122%, respectively) and those with M20 connectors (43%, 43%, and 20%, respectively). Furthermore, increasing the stud diameter from 16mm to 20mm resulted in a 38% increase in shear strength of the connectors and notably improved the mechanical characteristics of the beams. The study also found that while an increased DSC reduces deflection at ultimate and service loads due to heightened stiffness, a larger stud diameter has only a marginal effect on deflection. This research highlights the potential of LWSCC in enhancing the structural performance of steel-concrete composite beams, particularly with optimized shear connections, offering valuable insights for advancements in construction materials and methods.

Highlights :

Enhanced Load Capacity: Increase in the degree of shear connection significantly boosts ultimate load capacity and stiffness in composite beams.
Stud Diameter Impact: A 38% rise in shear strength is achieved by increasing stud diameter from 16mm to 20mm.
Deflection Reduction: Higher degree of shear connection effectively minimizes deflection, though stud diameter has minimal impact.

Keywords : Lightweight Self-Compacting Concrete, Steel-Concrete Composite Beams, Shear Connection, Headed Stud Connectors, Structural Performance.

Advancing Critical Force Determination in Reinforced Concrete Columns: A Practical Approach

Kulmirzayeva Gulrabo Abduganiyevna , Kosimov Turaboy Kosimovich — Sun, 01 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to present practical solutions for determining the critical forces of eccentrically compressed reinforced concrete columns with flat buckling form, employing conventional reinforcement while considering variable joint stiffness along the rod's length. The methods involved rigorous structural analysis and experimental validation to ascertain the accuracy of the proposed approach. Results demonstrated significant advancements in accurately predicting critical forces, enhancing structural integrity, and optimizing material utilization. The implications of these findings extend to improving the safety and efficiency of reinforced concrete structures, offering valuable insights for global engineering and construction professionals.

Highlights:

Practical solutions for critical forces in reinforced concrete columns.
Utilization of conventional reinforcement for cost-effectiveness.
Consideration of variable joint stiffness for accurate predictions.

Keywords: Critical Force, Eccentric Compression, Loss of Stability

Experimental Behavior of SIFCON Corbels

Hanadi F. Frhaan, Aqeel Hatem Chkheiwer — Thu, 13 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study explores the performance of six Slurry Infiltrated Fiber Concrete (SIFCON) corbels with a constant steel fiber volume of 6%, under varying vertical loads. By altering the shear span-to-depth ratio (a/d) from 0.4 to 0.6 and utilizing different fiber types (hooked end and micro) and reinforcement configurations (2Ø12mm and 3Ø12mm), the research examines the impact on maximum and cracking load capacities of the corbels. Results indicate that the a/d ratio, along with fiber type and reinforcement choice, significantly influences the structural behavior, offering insights for enhancing SFRC corbels' design and efficiency in construction applications.

Highlights:

Shear Span Impact: Changing the shear span-to-depth ratio critically affects load capacity.
Material Influence: Fiber types and reinforcement configurations alter load behavior.
Design Implications: Results highlight the importance of design choices in enhancing SIFCON corbels' structural performance.

Keywords: SIFCON, Corbels, Shear Span, Steel Fiber, Load Capacity

Iraq's hydrocarbon crisis demands integrated remediation solutions

Nour Allah Mahdi Jabbar — Thu, 11 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Petroleum hydrocarbon contamination in Iraq’s oil-bearing areas significantly impacts the environment and public health. This study reviews contamination sources, such as oil spills and industrial disposal, and outlines the identification and quantification methods using GC-MS and FTIR. Various remediation strategies, including bioremediation, phytoremediation, chemical oxidation, thermal remediation, and physical removal, are discussed. The review highlights challenges in implementation due to technological, financial, regulatory, and community engagement issues. An integrated adaptive management approach is recommended to mitigate risks and ensure sustainable development of Iraq’s oil sector.

Highlight:

Hydrocarbon identification and quantification using GC-MS and FTIR.
Combined remediation: bioremediation, phytoremediation, chemical oxidation, thermal remediation, physical removal.
Challenges: technological, financial, regulatory, and community engagement issues.

Keyword: Petroleum hydrocarbon contamination, Iraq, GC-MS, FTIR, remediation strategies

Green Campus Initiative Assessing Waste Management at a Technical Polytechnic

Adityo Haryo Bismoko, Rini Mulyani, Eva Rita, Nasfryzal Carlo, Lusi Utama — Tue, 13 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Effective waste management is pivotal for establishing eco-friendly educational environments, guided by global sustainability standards. However, many institutions face challenges in aligning their practices with these environmental benchmarks. Knowledge Gap: Research often highlights the necessity of holistic waste strategies but lacks specific assessments of waste management within the context of Green Campus initiatives, especially in vocational education settings. Aims: This study aims to evaluate current waste management practices at a technical polytechnic, assessing their effectiveness and compliance with established green standards. Results: The evaluation reveals that the institution's waste management initiatives are significantly lacking, with a total score of only 75 out of a possible 1800 points. The polytechnic performs poorly in recycling and processing various waste types, although there is modest progress in reducing paper and plastic use. Novelty: This research introduces a novel application of global sustainability standards to assess waste management practices at a vocational higher education institution, highlighting specific areas of inefficiency and their broader implications. Implications: The findings emphasize the critical need for comprehensive recycling programs, improved waste segregation, and increased community involvement in sustainability efforts. These improvements are crucial for both environmental benefits and enhancing the institution's standing in global educational rankings that prioritize sustainability.

Highlights:

Enhance Recycling: Implement robust recycling programs to meet global sustainability standards.
Improve Segregation: Develop better waste segregation and processing practices.
Boost Community Involvement: Engage the campus community actively in sustainability efforts.

Keywords: Waste Management, Green Campus, Recycling, Environmental Education, UI GreenMetric

Magnetic Nanocomposites Revolutionize Heavy Metal Adsorption for Environmental Cleanup

Zaynah Salih Waly, Samia Mezhr Merdas — Tue, 24 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

General background: Magnetic nanocomposites have garnered significant attention due to their multifunctional properties, particularly in environmental remediation, where they can be used for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions. Specific background: Polypyrrole (PPy) and poly(p-hydroxyaniline) (P(p-OH An)) are conductive polymers known for their adsorption capabilities, while Fe3O4 nanoparticles exhibit magnetic properties, facilitating separation and recovery. Knowledge gap: Despite the potential of Fe3O4-based composites, few studies have systematically explored the synergistic adsorption properties of PPy and P(p-OH An) in Fe3O4-based nanocomposites under varying environmental conditions. Aims: This study aimed to synthesize and characterize Fe3O4/PPy/P(p-OH An) magnetic nanocomposites and evaluate their adsorption performance under different temperatures and isotherm models. Results: The nanocomposite was synthesized through chemical oxidation polymerization and characterized using FTIR, TEM, AFM, and TGA, confirming its successful formation and nanoscale structure. Adsorption studies indicated an exothermic process, with a decrease in adsorption capacity at higher temperatures. The adsorption data fit the Freundlich isotherm better than the Langmuir model, suggesting heterogeneous surface adsorption. Novelty: This study demonstrates a novel Fe3O4/PPy/P(p-OH An) nanocomposite with superior adsorption properties, showing its potential in heavy metal ion removal and offering an improved understanding of temperature effects on adsorption performance. Implications: The findings underscore the composite's promise for environmental remediation applications, particularly in water treatment, and suggest further optimization of the adsorption conditions and evaluation of the composite's reusability for industrial-scale applications.

Highlights:

Enhanced Adsorption: Fe3O4/PPy nanocomposites offer combined magnetic and polymer adsorption properties.
Temperature Sensitivity: Adsorption decreases as temperature rises, indicating exothermic behavior.
Surface Interaction: Freundlich isotherm shows adsorption occurs on heterogeneous surfaces.

Keywords: Magnetic nanocomposite, Fe3O4, Polypyrrole, Adsorption, Environmental remediation.

Vanishing Green and the Loss of Iraq's Ecological Balance Due to Urban Expansion

Ahmed Abbas Kadhim , Laith Zaid Abbas — Thu, 05 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study examines the impact of rapid urbanization on the green spaces of Baghdad, highlighting the environmental, economic, and social challenges posed by unplanned urban sprawl in developing countries. Using historical and descriptive methodologies, along with comparative analysis of urban growth, the research reveals that increased migration and weak governmental oversight have significantly reduced green areas, transforming potential parks into residential and commercial zones. The findings underscore the need for stringent urban planning and policy reforms to preserve and expand green spaces, aligning with global sustainability standards to enhance urban quality of life and ecological balance in Baghdad.

Highlights:

Urban Expansion: Baghdad's rapid growth has significantly reduced its green spaces.
Weak Oversight: Lack of strict regulations has led to the conversion of green areas into urban developments.
Sustainability Strategies: Urges policy reforms and sustainable planning to enhance urban green spaces.

Keywords: Urbanization, Basic Design, Green Spaces, Overpopulation, Land Use

Study Some Quality Parameters of Ground Water in Different Area of Diyala City

Salih Saood Yagoub — Wed, 13 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In the Diyla area, fourteen ground water samples were obtained for this study in high density polyethylene (HDPE) bottles that had been previously cleaned and filled with diluted HNO3. To prevent cross-contamination, the bottles were rinsed with the same water that would be used for the sample. Using normal procedures, each sample was examined for five parameters: pH, EC, TH, Alkalinity, and F (APHA, 1995). A digital pH metre (Model 802 Systronics) was used in the field to measure pH, and a conductivity metre (Model 304 Systronics) was used to assess EC. The Trimble Juno 3D Handheld is used to help collect the geographic locations of the sample points (EC). Using regular EDTA, a titrimetric analysis of total hardness was conducted. Titrimetric analysis of alkalinity was performed with standard H2SO4.

Highlight:

Samples collected in HDPE bottles pre-rinsed with sample water.
pH, EC, TH, Alkalinity, F analyzed using APHA standards (1995).
pH, EC measured in field; hardness, alkalinity by titration.

Keywords: Word, Ground Water, Diyala City, Quality Parameters, Ph Metre, Alkalinity

Zamzam Water Surpasses Global Standards in Quality and Mineral Content

Abed Sultan Hassan , Nadia Abd Ellatif Ali — Tue, 14 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigates the physical, chemical, and bacteriological properties of Zamzam tap water and two popular bottled waters, "Rounaq" and "Naba' Al- Rayan," in Diyala Governorate. Conducted at Al-Rafidain University College and the Central Public Health Laboratory in Baghdad, the research analyzes taste, odor, color, pH, essential minerals, and bacterial contamination. Findings indicate that Zamzam water excels in sensory qualities and contains beneficial minerals like potassium and magnesium within safe limits, with no bacterial contamination detected. These results affirm Zamzam's superior quality and underline the necessity for regular quality checks of bottled waters to ensure public health safety.

Highlights:

Superior Sensory Qualities: Zamzam water was notably superior in taste, odor, and color compared to the other bottled waters tested.
Mineral Content and Safety: All water samples contained essential minerals like potassium and magnesium within safe limits, confirming their nutritional value and compliance with health standards.
Bacterial Purity: No bacterial or pathogenic contamination was detected in any of the water samples, ensuring their safety for consumption.

Keywords: Zamzam Water, Bottled Water Quality, Mineral Content, Bacteriological Safety, Sensory Properties

Exposing Milk Adulteration in Iraq Markets

Sun, 07 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study evaluated eighteen unflavored milk samples from local markets in Karbala, Diyala, Basra, Kirkuk, Wasit, and Babil, Iraq, to detect adulteration. Using total solids measurements, refractive index tests, and iodine starch tests, we aimed to assess milk quality. Except for sample No. 6, all samples tested negative for starch, indicating minimal thickening agent adulteration. However, samples 4, 5, 11, and 13 failed the refractive index test, suggesting water adulteration. These findings highlight the need for better monitoring and regulation to ensure milk purity and protect public health across different Iraqi regions.

Highlights:

Identified milk adulteration in six Iraqi governorates.
Sample 6 tested positive for starch adulteration.
Samples 4, 5, 11, 13 failed refractive index test.

Keywords: milk adulteration, Iraqi markets, quality control, refractive index, starch test

Detection of Fatty Acids and Some Secondary Metabolites in Macadamia and Hazelnut Fruits and their Shells, with Studding the Physiochemical Properties of its Extracted Oil: A comparative Study

Rana T. Altaee, May G Aldabbagh, Aya I. Rashan — Thu, 15 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000

General Background: Nuts are widely recognized for their nutrient density, offering a rich source of beneficial fatty acids and antioxidant phytochemicals. Specific Background: Among these, macadamia and hazelnuts are popular for their unique compositions, yet direct comparisons of their nutritional and bioactive profiles remain limited. Knowledge Gap: Despite their recognized health benefits, comparative analyses of the fatty acid profiles, bioactive compositions, and physicochemical characteristics between these nuts are scarce. Aims: The study compared macadamia and hazelnut oils' fatty acid content, lipid-soluble vitamins, phenolic compounds, and physicochemical properties to enhance their functional applications. Results: The findings revealed that hazelnut oil exhibited a higher polyunsaturated fat content, particularly linoleic acid (22.8% vs. 18.25%), while macadamia oil contained significantly more vitamin E, contributing to superior antioxidant potential. Both oils demonstrated the presence of vitamins A, D, and K1, with notable concentrations of quercetin and rutin among other flavonoids. Novelty: This study is novel in its comprehensive comparative analysis of these two nuts, particularly in identifying the unique phenolic compounds in the nutshells, which are often discarded but show potential as nutraceuticals. Implications: Macadamia and hazelnut oils offer significant nutritional benefits, with compositional variations allowing for personalized bioactivity and culinary applications. Further research is recommended for human health promotion.

Highlights:

Hazelnut oil has more polyunsaturated fats; macadamia oil is richer in vitamin E.
Both nuts contain vitamins A, D, E, K1, and flavonoids.
Phenolic compounds in nutshells have potential as nutraceuticals.

Keywords: macadamia nuts, hazelnut oil, fatty acids, antioxidant phytochemicals, bioactive compounds

Classification of Rice Grains by Image Processing

Zainab Naser Azeez, Aseel.A. Qasim, Najlaa Muhammed Mohie — Tue, 15 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

General Background: The assessment of the surface quality of pre-treated rice grains is crucial for determining their market acceptability, storage stability, processing quality, and overall consumer satisfaction. Traditional evaluation methods are often time-consuming and yield subjective classifications. Specific Background: The lack of a comprehensive tagged image dataset hinders the application of advanced convolutional neural networks (CNN) for detailed damage classification of healthy rice grains. Knowledge Gap: Existing datasets and methods limit the effective exploration of sophisticated CNN models for categorizing rice types, particularly in identifying subtle damage characteristics. Aims: The study aims to create a robust rice grain classification system using image processing techniques, primarily deep learning algorithms, to improve the classification of rice varieties. Results: Utilizing a dataset of 75,000 images across five widely cultivated rice varieties in Turkey, we achieved classification accuracies of 100% for CNN, 99.95% for deep neural networks (DNN), and 99.87% for artificial neural networks (ANN). Novelty: The proposed approach represents a significant advancement in rice classification technology, employing a combination of image acquisition, feature extraction, and machine learning to streamline the process, effectively addressing the challenges faced in traditional methods. Implications: The findings underscore the potential for improved sorting and grading efficiency in the rice industry, facilitating better market outcomes and consumer satisfaction through enhanced quality control

Highlights:

Innovative: Uses CNN for accurate rice variety classification.
Data-Driven: Analyzes 75,000 images for enhanced quality evaluation.
Impactful: Increases efficiency in sorting and grading processes.

Keywords: Rice Classification, Image Processing, CNN, Machine Learning, Agricultural Technology

Isoxazolidine Derivatives Exhibit Selective Antitumor Activity Against Breast Cancer Cells

Wijdan Abbas Eneama, Husam Hamza Salman, Mazin N`adhim Mousa — Tue, 17 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Breast cancer, a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women, necessitates effective therapeutic interventions. Heterocyclic compounds, prevalent in FDA-approved pharmaceuticals, play a pivotal role in drug development. This study focuses on isoxazolidine derivatives, a subgroup of nitrogen and oxygen-containing heterocycles, known for their potential in antitumor applications. A series of novel isoxazolidine compounds were synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer efficacy using MTT assays against MCF-7 and HdFn cell lines, alongside normal cells. Structural elucidation employed FT-IR, 13C-NMR, 1H-NMR, and E-I mass spectroscopy. Results revealed compound (IZ3) with an IC50 value of 32.49 µg/ml, demonstrating notable antitumor activity in MCF-7 cells compared to HdFn. Notably, compounds (IZ1 and IZ2) exhibited IC50 values of 64 µg/ml and 128 µg/ml, respectively. These findings underscore the potential of isoxazolidine derivatives as promising candidates for targeted breast cancer therapies, warranting further investigation in preclinical models and clinical trials.

Highlight:

Novel Isoxazolidine Compounds: Synthesized and Evaluated
Selective Antitumor Activity: Demonstrated in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells
Promising Therapeutic Candidates: Isoxazolidine Derivatives for Targeted Breast Cancer Therapy

Keyword: Breast cancer, Isoxazolidine Derivatives, Antitumor Activity, Heterocyclic Compounds, Drug Development

Fungi as a Sustainable Solution for Heavy Metal Removal in Wastewater Treatment

Roaa Hassan Al-Tayef, Raad Abdalrazaq Hamdi — Mon, 13 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigates the ability of non-living fungal biomass from Aspergillus terreus, Rhizopus oligosporus, and Rhizopus arrhizus to reduce heavy metal concentrations in wastewater. Using non-living fungal blocks, the experiment targeted the removal of lead (0.70 ppm), cadmium (0.110 ppm), and copper (0.80 ppm) from wastewater at the Al-Dur district sewage treatment station. Conducted under controlled conditions (25 degrees Celsius, pH 6.5-7.6) over a 24-hour period, the results demonstrated significant reductions in metal concentrations, with statistical significance at P<0.01. These findings suggest that non-living fungal biomass could be a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative for heavy metal remediation in wastewater treatment.

Highlights:

Fungal biomass effectively reduces lead, cadmium, copper quickly.
Results statistically significant, demonstrating reliability.
Sustainable, cost-effective alternative to chemical treatments.

Keywords: Heavy Elements, Aspergillus Terries, Rhizopus Oligosporium, Fungal Biosorption, Non-Living Biomass

Unmasking Hidden Threats Global Spread of MBL Resistance Exposed

Fri, 17 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to establish a routine monitoring system for MBL enzymes to provide timely data to healthcare professionals and policy makers, enabling informed decision making on antibiotic use and resistance management. Using a combination of molecular biology techniques and data analysis, we monitor MBL activity in various institutional settings. The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria is a significant threat to public health globally. Metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL), an enzyme that confers resistance to a wide range of beta-lactam antibiotics, is particularly concerning due to its ability to spread rapidly in healthcare and community settings. Despite the importance of this issue, systematic monitoring and understanding of MBL remains inadequate. Our findings reveal a significant, previously unreported presence of MBLs, underscoring the urgent need for targeted antibiotic stewardship programs. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of integrating enzyme monitoring into standard healthcare practices to reduce the spread of MDR bacteria.

Highlights:

Regular Monitoring: Essential for tracking MBL enzyme prevalence and guiding antibiotic use.
Advanced Techniques: Molecular biology methods enhance MBL detection and analysis.
Policy Integration: Crucial for implementing enzyme monitoring in healthcare to combat MDR bacteria spread.

Keywords: MBL Enzymes, Antibiotic Resistance, Healthcare Monitoring, Molecular Biology, Stewardship Programs

Enhanced Protease Production from Diabetic Ulcer-Derived E. coli

Mustafa Talib Muhsin — Tue, 18 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study explored a local Escherichia coli isolate from diabetic foot ulcer patients for protease enzyme production. Qualitative screening on skim milk agar showed a 6 mm hydrolysis halo, while quantitative screening with casein revealed a specific activity of 144.55 U/mg protein. Purification via ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose increased the specific activity to 767.5 U/mg, with a 5.3-fold enhancement and a 29.5% yield. The findings suggest E. coli as a viable source for protease production and demonstrate the efficiency of ion-exchange chromatography for enzyme purification, with potential significant industrial applications.

Highlight:

E. coli sourced from diabetic ulcers shows promise for protease production.
Skim milk agar and casein used for qualitative and quantitative screening.
Ion exchange chromatography significantly enhances enzyme specific activity.

Keywoard: Escherichia coli, protease production, diabetic foot ulcer, enzyme purification, ion exchange chromatography

Watery diarrhea between Vibrio cholera and Aeromonas hydrophila during Iraqi cholera outbreaks

Aghadeer Sarmad Najeeb, Musaab Ahmed Ibrahim, Hala Luay Abduljabbar — Mon, 01 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Cholera remains a significant health challenge globally, especially in regions with poor infrastructure and healthcare. This study aimed to detect Aeromonas hydrophila in clinical samples from diarrhea patients during the 2022-2023 outbreaks in Iraq. Archived samples from Baquba General Teaching Hospital were analyzed using culture media, biochemical tests, and the VITEK 2 system. Both Vibrio cholerae and A. hydrophila isolates produced virulence factors such as hemolysin, protease, lipase, phospholipase, and biofilm. Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed A. hydrophila was susceptible to cefepime, ceftazidime, amikacin, imipenem, meropenem, and piperacillin-tazobactam but resistant to aztreonam, levofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin. V. cholerae was susceptible to amikacin, imipenem, meropenem, piperacillin-tazobactam, doxycycline, and chloramphenicol but resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and ampicillin. The findings highlight the need for better recognition of Aeromonas as a gastrointestinal pathogen and emphasize the importance of improved diagnostics and public health initiatives to reduce diarrheal diseases.

Highlight:

Detection Methods: Culture media, biochemical tests, VITEK 2 system used.
Virulence Factors: Hemolysin, protease, lipase, phospholipase, biofilm production identified.
Antibiotic Resistance: Specific resistance observed in A. hydrophila and V. cholerae.

Keyword: Cholera, Aeromonas hydrophila, Antibiotic Susceptibility, Diarrhea, Iraq Outbreak

Optimizing Conditions to Combat Antibiotic Resistance in Pathogenic Bacteria

Adawia Fadhel Abbas — Thu, 11 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant adaptive trait that allows pathogenic bacterial subpopulations to out-compete and out-survive their microbial neighbors and overcome host defenses. Specific Background: Despite extensive research, the influence of various environmental parameters on antibiotic sensitivity in pathogenic bacteria remains underexplored. Knowledge Gap: There is limited understanding of how temperature, pH, bacterial inoculum volume, and culture medium amount affect the antibiotic resistance of both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Aims: To investigate the effects of these parameters on the antibiotic sensitivity of four standard laboratory strains: Escherichia coli, Proteus spp., Klebsiella spp., and Staphylococcus aureus. Results: Our findings indicate imipenem exhibited the highest sensitivity, with percentages varying significantly based on temperature (92% at 35-39°C), pH (83% at pH 6-8), inoculum volume (42% at 0.1-1.0 μL), and medium volume (67% at 15-35 ml). Conversely, antibiotics such as Piperacillin, Amoxicillin, Erythromycin, Tetracycline 30, and Cephalexin showed high resistance, with Tetracycline 10 being the most resistant. Novelty: This study highlights the significant impact of environmental conditions on bacterial antibiotic resistance, emphasizing the need for tailored antibiotic use based on specific bacterial characteristics and growth conditions. Implications: The results suggest that optimizing environmental parameters can enhance antibiotic efficacy and inform better clinical practices to combat AMR, thus improving treatment outcomes for bacterial infections.

Highlights:

Parameter Influence: Temperature, pH, inoculum, medium amount affect antibiotic sensitivity.
Highest Sensitivity: Imipenem most effective across conditions.
Tailored Use: Optimize conditions for better antibiotic efficacy.

Keywords: Antimicrobial resistance, bacterial sensitivity, environmental parameters, Imipenem, pathogenic bacteria

Genetic Stability and Public Health Implications of Plasmid-Free Vibrio cholerae

Mushtaq Talib Al-Safi — Tue, 30 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Cholera, caused by Vibrio cholerae, is a significant global health concern, particularly in regions with poor sanitation. Specific Background: This study focuses on V. cholerae strains isolated from cholera patients in Al-Nasiriyah city, Iraq, where limited genetic studies have been conducted. Knowledge Gap: Despite extensive research on V. cholerae, little is known about the genetic makeup of strains from Al-Nasiriyah city and their plasmid content, which traditionally correlates with antibiotic resistance and virulence. Aims: This research aimed to characterize the genetic and antibiotic resistance traits of V. cholerae strains from cholera patients in Al-Nasiriyah city and to determine the presence of plasmids using advanced molecular techniques. Results: Contrary to expectations, our study identified V. cholerae strains devoid of plasmids and exhibiting a stable genetic profile across two chromosomes, with sizes ranging from 1 to 3 million base pairs. Novelty: Our findings challenge conventional wisdom by demonstrating the absence of plasmids in local V. cholerae strains and highlighting their unique genetic architecture. Implications: This study underscores the importance of genomic diversity studies in understanding V. cholerae epidemiology and guiding public health strategies. Future research should explore larger strain cohorts and conduct comparative genomic analyses to elucidate the broader implications of genetic variability on cholera outbreaks and treatment strategies.

Highlights:

Genetic Stability: V. cholerae strains exhibit stable genetic profiles.
Plasmid Absence: No plasmids found, challenging antibiotic resistance assumptions.
Public Health Impact: Crucial for effective cholera management and prevention strategies.

Keywords: Vibrio cholerae, genetic diversity, antibiotic resistance, plasmid absence, public health implications

Alarming Rise of MDR Bacteria in Uremia Patients in Iraq

Ahmad Shandookh Hameed — Wed, 07 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Uremia, a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD), compromises patient immunity and increases susceptibility to bacterial infections. Frequent hospital visits further exacerbate this vulnerability. Specific Background: In Nasiriyah City, managing infections in uremia patients is complicated by multidrug resistance (MDR) and extensively drug resistance (XDR). Knowledge Gap: Despite the critical nature of this issue, the prevalence and resistance distribution of MDR and XDR bacterial isolates in uremia patients in this region have not been extensively studied. Aims: This research aims to establish the prevalence and resistance distribution of MDR and XDR bacterial isolates from uremia patients in Nasiriyah City, with an emphasis on treatment and infection control strategies. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital from February 2023 to January 2024. Results: The study identified Escherichia coli (40%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (30%), Staphylococcus aureus (20%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10%) as predominant pathogens. High resistance rates were observed against Ampicillin (95%), Amoxicillin-Clavulanate (80%), and Ceftriaxone (75%), Novelty: This study provides the first comprehensive data on the prevalence and resistance profiles of MDR and XDR bacterial isolates in uremia patients in Nasiriyah City. Implications: The findings highlight the urgent need for stringent infection control measures, the application of effective antibiotics like carbapenems, and the development of alternative therapeutic strategies.

Highlight:

High resistance to Ampicillin (95%) and Amoxicillin-Clavulanate (80%).
Lowest resistance to Imipenem (5%) and Meropenem (10%).
Urgent need for Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs.

Keyword: Uremia, CKD, MDR bacteria, antibiotic resistance, Nasiriyah City

E. coli Strains in Iraq Show High Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Potential

Abeer Hadi Farhood, Amena Lafeta Muttlaq, Teeba T. Khudair — Fri, 23 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000

General Background: Escherichia coli is a widely distributed species that includes strains ranging from highly pathogenic to harmless avirulent isolates, often found in the human gut. Specific Background: E. coli pathogenicity is determined by virulence factors like adhesins, invasins, toxins, and capsules, which are often transferred horizontally via phages and plasmids. Knowledge Gap: Despite advancements in understanding E. coli virulence, there is a need to further understand genetic factors contributing to urinary tract infections, especially in regions with high antibiotic resistance. Aims: The study investigated the prevalence of virulence genes and antibiotic resistance in E. coli strains from UTI patients at Al Hussien Teaching Hospital in Iraq. Results: The study reveals the presence of specific virulence genes in UPEC strains from a specific region, suggesting the potential involvement of the pap AH gene in UTI pathogenesis. Novelty: This study reports the prevalence of specific virulence genes in UPEC strains from a specific region, indicating the potential role of the pap AH gene in UTI pathogenesis. Implications: The study indicates that UPEC strains, characterized by high virulence factors like pap AH, are promising vaccine targets, necessitating further research for effective prevention strategies.

Highlights:

E. coli strains show high antibiotic resistance in UTI patients.
pap AH gene is crucial for UPEC virulence.
Virulence factors like pap AH are potential vaccine targets.

Keywords: E. coli, UTI, virulence factors, antibiotic resistance, pap AH gene

Effect the Nanoparticles of Fe2O3 and CuO to Increasing the Activity of Sulfadiazine Against Multidrug Resistant Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

Ali Jaffar Saleem — Mon, 26 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000

General Background: Antibiotic resistance is a critical global health issue, and innovative approaches are needed to combat multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Specific Background: Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance antibiotic efficacy and reduce resistance. Knowledge Gap: However, there is limited understanding of how metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) like Fe2O3 and CuO can be utilized to improve the performance of antibiotics such as sulfadiazine. Aims: This study aimed to synthesize Fe2O3 and CuO nanoparticles, conjugate them with sulfadiazine, and evaluate their antibacterial efficacy against MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results: The nanoparticles were synthesized via chemical precipitation, with Fe2O3 and CuO having mean crystal sizes of 41.40 nm and 44.83 nm, respectively. When bound to sulfadiazine, the crystal sizes were 42.62 nm (Fe2O3) and 38.77 nm (CuO). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for sulfadiazine-bound CuO and Fe2O3 NPs ranged from 16-32 μg/ml, significantly lower than the 64-128 μg/ml observed for standard sulfadiazine. Hemolysis assays confirmed the biocompatibility of these nanocomposites at tested concentrations. Novelty: The study reveals that Fe2O3 and CuO nanoparticles significantly enhance sulfadiazine's antibacterial activity against MDR P. aeruginosa, suggesting a potential method to bypass traditional resistance mechanisms. Implications: The study suggests that nanoparticle-conjugated antibiotics could be a promising solution for combating antibiotic resistance, potentially reducing its negative impact on public health.

Highlights:

Nanoparticles reduce sulfadiazine's MIC against MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Fe2O3 and CuO nanoparticles enhance antibiotic efficacy.
Hemolysis assays confirm nanocomposites' safety and biocompatibility.

Keywords: Nanotechnology, Antibiotic Resistance, Fe2O3 Nanoparticles, CuO Nanoparticles, MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Development of Tetracycline by AgO Nanoparticles and Studying its Activity on Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria

Wafaa Majeed, Hiba Shihab Ahmed , Zaineb Abd_Alkhalq Hamed — Wed, 02 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

General background: Antibiotic resistance in bacteria has become a critical global health issue, necessitating the development of new strategies to enhance antibiotic efficacy. Specific background: Nanoparticles, particularly silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), have emerged as potential enhancers of antibiotics due to their unique properties and interactions with bacterial cells. Knowledge gap: However, the combination of nanoparticles with existing antibiotics, such as tetracycline, and their impact on bacterial inhibition and safety has not been fully explored. Aims: This study aims to investigate the antibacterial activity of silver oxide nanoparticles (AgO NPs) combined with tetracycline (TCS) and evaluate their effectiveness against resistant bacterial strains. Results: AgO NPs were synthesized using a photodeposition method, yielding nanoparticles with an average diameter of 2.24 nm. The AgO NPs + TCS combination demonstrated superior antibacterial activity, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 16 μg/mL against Staphylococci and 32 μg/mL against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, significantly outperforming standard tetracycline. Hemolysis assays confirmed the safety of the synthesized compound at all concentrations. Novelty: Silver oxide nanoparticles and tetracycline exhibit a unique synergistic interaction, enhancing antimicrobial effects by increasing bacterial membrane permeability, facilitating greater antibiotic infiltration. Implications: These findings suggest that AgO NPs combined with tetracycline offer a promising solution to overcome bacterial resistance, providing a potent and safe alternative to conventional antibiotic treatments.

Highlights:

AgO NPs and tetracycline show enhanced antibacterial effects.
More effective than standard tetracycline against resistant bacteria.
Safe with no toxicity observed in hemolysis tests.

Keywords: Antibiotic resistance, silver nanoparticles, tetracycline, photodeposition, antibacterial activity

Quality of Life in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Cross-Sectional Study in Baaquba City

Akram Abd Alsalam Najim , Ali Husain Faleh , Aqeel Abbas Noaman — Fri, 04 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a common degenerative joint disease that significantly impacts the quality of life (QoL) of elderly individuals, often leading to severe disability. Specific Background: KOA, a prevalent condition primarily affecting middle-aged women, is exacerbated by risk factors like obesity, genetics, and reduced physical activity. Knowledge Gap: Despite existing studies on KOA, there is limited research on its impact on QoL in the Iraqi context, particularly in Baqubah City. Aims: The study evaluated the quality of life (QoL) of KOA patients in Baqubah, Iraq, considering physical, psychological, social, and functional aspects, and identifying influencing factors. Results: Data were collected from 374 patients at Baqubah Teaching Hospital, using a structured and validated HRQOL questionnaire. The study revealed that KOA patients experienced a significantly reduced QoL, especially in the physical and functional domains. Females and those with a longer illness duration reported worse outcomes. Obesity and overweight were found to be common among patients, further exacerbating the disease. Novelty: This study evaluates KOA's impact on QoL in Baqubah, revealing high prevalence and significant negative effects on daily activities. Implications: The study highlights the need for targeted interventions to enhance the quality of life for KOA patients in Baqubah, focusing on weight management, physiotherapy, and improved public health strategies.

Highlights:

KOA severely impairs physical and functional quality of life in patients.
Obesity and inactivity are key modifiable risk factors for KOA.
Women and long-term sufferers face greater QoL challenges.

Keywords: Knee Osteoarthritis, Quality of Life, Risk Factors, Obesity, Baqubah

Identification of Carbapenem-Resistant Bacterial Species Clinically Isolated From Patients

Aliea K. Al-Masoodi, Ahlem Bdioui — Thu, 10 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: The global rise of antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, particularly Enterobacterales, has become a significant health concern, particularly carbapenem resistance due to carbapenemase production. Knowledge Gap: While the global threat of carbapenem-resistant bacteria is well-recognized, there remains a need for localized studies that provide detailed insights into the prevalence and characteristics of these resistant strains, particularly in developing regions. Aims: This study aims to identify carbapenem-resistant isolates in various clinical samples and explore phenotypic methods for carbapenemase production. Methods: 100 bacterial isolates from Batool Teaching Hospital were collected for identification, antibiotic susceptibility, colony morphology, Gram staining, biochemical reactions, and carbapenemase production, following CLSI guidelines. Results: The most frequent isolate was Escherichia coli (36%), with 24.5% showing carbapenem resistance. Other significant isolates included Staphylococcus aureus (17%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11.5%), and Proteus mirabilis (7%). Carbapenem resistance was higher in females (53%) compared to males (47%), with the age group 21-45 showing the highest resistance rates. Novelty: This study provides one of the first region-specific profiles of carbapenem-resistant strains in this area, highlighting significant gender and age-related trends. Implications: The findings underscore the urgent need for stricter antibiotic stewardship and infection control measures to prevent the further spread of carbapenem-resistant organisms, which pose a critical risk to both patients and the wider community.

Highlights:

Escherichia coli had the highest carbapenem resistance at 24.5%.
Females showed higher resistance (53%) than males (47%).
Highest resistance observed in ages 21-45.

Keywords: Carbapenem resistance, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, clinical isolates, Escherichia coli, carbapenemase production

Interference Between S. Aureus and P. Aeruginosa Clinical Isolates

Aghadeer Sarmad Najeeb, Nagham Mohamed Khalaf , Israa Salim Kamil — Mon, 14 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

General Background: Understanding microbial interactions between Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus is crucial for clinical infections, as they often coexist and influence each other's growth and virulence. Specific Background: Both organisms are known for their ability to form biofilms and exhibit multidrug resistance (MDR), complicating treatment strategies in hospitalized patients. Knowledge Gap: Previous studies have explored the virulence of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, but there is limited understanding of their direct in vitro interactions, particularly in protease and lipase production. Aims: The study examined the interaction between P. aeruginosa and S. aureus isolates in hospitalized patients' sputum, urine, and blood samples, focusing on virulence factors, biofilm formation, and antibiotic resistance patterns. Results: In Diyala, Iraq, 50 clinical isolates showed P. aeruginosa as protease producers, lipase producers, and biofilm producers, with significant MDR phenotypes in both species. Novelty: This study highlights the ability of P. aeruginosa to produce staphylolysin, offering novel insights into the antagonistic mechanisms that may suppress S. aureus in co-infections. Implications: The study emphasizes the significance of understanding microbial interactions in clinical infections, particularly in biofilm-associated MDR infections, to improve treatment outcomes and guide more effective therapeutic approaches.

Highlights:

P. aeruginosa staphylolysin inhibits S. aureus growth in vitro.
Both bacteria produce biofilms and exhibit multidrug resistance.
Microbial interactions impact infection severity and treatment strategies.

Keywords: Microbial interactions, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Biofilm, Multidrug resistance

Removal of Toxic Heavy Metals Using Genetically Engineered Microbes: Molecular Tools, Risk Assessment, and Management Strategies

Tue, 15 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: The growing occurrence of heavy metal pollutants in many environmental sources requires effective methods for treatment. Genetically engineered microorganisms, namely bacteria such as Shewanella oneidensis and Cupriavidus metallidurans, have been highly useful for the specific removal of heavy metals. Purpose: This study aims to examine the effectiveness of genetically modified Shewanella oneidensis and Cupriavidus metallidurans, obtained from MB Genetics, in removing harmful heavy metals from various environmental sources. Methods: Genetically modified strains were obtained from MB Genetics, a company specializing in the creation of transgenic microbes. Shewanella oneidensis and Cupriavidus metallidurans were utilized to mitigate the presence of harmful heavy metals in water under different pH levels. Results: The study showed a notable effectiveness, as both bacterial strains successfully eliminated 91% of Lead at pH 7. The study highlighted the substantial impact of pH on the levels of heavy metals in the environment. Conclusion: The need to eradicate harmful heavy metals in the present time can be efficiently tackled by using genetically modified bacteria. Shewanella oneidensis and Cupriavidus metallidurans demonstrated remarkable efficacy in the removal of heavy metals.

Highlights:

Modified bacteria remove 91% of lead at neutral pH.
CRISPR/Cas9 enhances bacteria for efficient heavy metal removal.
pH optimization is key for effective heavy metal absorption.

Keywords: Toxic heavy metals, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shewanella oneidensis, Cupriavidus metallidurans

Dramatic Improvements in Patient Understanding of Epilepsy in Iraq

Hassan Ali Khamis , Mohammed Baqer Al-Jubouri — Wed, 10 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Epilepsy, a chronic brain disorder causing recurrent seizures, affects over 50 million people globally, leading to significant social challenges due to prevalent misconceptions. Objective: This study aims to evaluate patients' knowledge about epilepsy at Baquba Teaching Hospital's neurological department. Methodology: A pre-experimental design with pretest and posttest assessments was conducted from July 11 to December 5, 2023, involving 100 epilepsy patients. Data were gathered using the Epilepsy Knowledge Scale (EKS), with both inferential and descriptive statistical analyses. Results: Patients initially had insufficient knowledge about epilepsy, but the instructional program significantly improved their understanding, as shown by notable pretest and posttest score differences. Novelty: This study highlights the efficacy of instructional programs in enhancing epilepsy knowledge among patients, emphasizing the importance of educational interventions in managing chronic neurological conditions. Implications: The results suggest that instructional programs should be routinely implemented in clinical settings to increase epilepsy awareness and knowledge among patients. Conclusion: The instructional program effectively enhances epilepsy knowledge among patients, suggesting it should be routinely implemented to improve patient education and outcomes, regardless of socio-demographic factors.

Highlight:

Patients initially had low epilepsy knowledge.
Instructional program greatly improved understanding.
No link between knowledge and demographics.

Keywords: Epilepsy, patient knowledge, instructional program, neurological disorders, Baquba Teaching Hospital

Exploring Hemingway's Depiction of War Violence: Psychological and Societal Impacts in Selected Novels

Emad Mohammad Abbar — Thu, 12 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This study delves into the portrayal of war violence in four seminal novels by Ernest Hemingway, namely, "A Farewell to Arms," "For Whom the Bell Tolls," "The Sun Also Rises," and "To Have and Have Not." Employing a qualitative analysis, this research categorizes instances of war violence based on thematic implications, narrative techniques, and character responses, while considering contextual information from Hemingway's own wartime experiences. The analysis unveils that Hemingway's exploration of war violence transcends the physical battlefield, emphasizing the profound psychological traumas, moral quandaries, and societal scars it inflicts. Characters within these narratives grapple with disillusionment, existential anguish, and a sense of alienation, reflecting the multifaceted impacts of war on individuals and society. Hemingway's personal involvement in World War I and the Spanish Civil War greatly influences his portrayal of war violence, presenting it as not only an external conflict but an internal struggle that challenges ideologies, identities, and human resilience. The thematic recurrence across these novels underscores Hemingway's persistent examination of the enduring consequences of war. In essence, Hemingway's depiction of war violence serves as a lens through which to contemplate the profound psychological and societal repercussions of conflict, offering an enduring reflection on the devastating nature of war.

Highlights :

Qualitative analysis of Hemingway's war narratives.
Psychological and moral dilemmas in war literature.
Hemingway's personal experiences and their literary influence.

Keywords : War Violence, Hemingway Novels, Psychological Impacts, Societal Consequences, Qualitative Analysis

Parenting Styles and Social Phobia in Iraqi Teens

Anwar asmail , Kareem Sajit — Wed, 26 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study evaluated the socio-demographic characteristics and social phobia levels of 385 secondary school students in the Thi-Qar Governorate of Iraq. Using a descriptive, cross-sectional design, data were collected via questionnaires and analyzed with IBM SPSS 20.0. Results indicated that students, predominantly from nuclear families and moderate-income homes, exhibited mild to moderate social phobia (M±SD = 32.47±7.852). Permissive parenting styles were linked to higher social phobia, with notable differences between mothers' and fathers' influences. The study underscores the need for school-based psychological support programs and calls for further research with larger, more diverse samples.

Highlight:

Students exhibited mild to moderate social phobia (M±SD = 32.47±7.852).
Permissive parenting styles linked to higher social phobia.
Recommends school-based psychological support programs.

Keyword: socio-demographic, social phobia, secondary students, parenting styles, Iraq

Enhancing Pediatric Nursing Skills by Top Learning Strategies

Ayat A. Hameed, MScN , Adraa H. Shawq, PhD — Fri, 26 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: The efficacy of educational strategies is crucial for nursing students to competently perform pediatric procedures like nasogastric tube insertion. Specific Background: This study evaluates the effectiveness of simulation, blended, and self-directed learning strategies in enhancing these skills among nursing students. Knowledge Gap: Previous research lacks a comprehensive comparison of these strategies' impacts on skill development in pediatric nursing contexts. Aims: The study aims to assess the effectiveness of different educational strategies on nursing students' ability to perform pediatric nasogastric tube insertions. Methods: A pre-experimental design was employed at the College of Nursing, University of Baghdad, involving 60 students divided into three groups. Data were collected via an observational checklist from October to December 2023 and analyzed using SPSS. Results: Significant improvements in students' skills were observed across all groups. Simulation strategy showed highly significant differences with p-values of .001 and large effect sizes (Partial Eta Squared: .887, .902, .582). Blended strategy also demonstrated significant results with p-values of .001 and large effect sizes (Partial Eta Squared: .813, .936, .883). The self-directed strategy was similarly effective, with p-values of .001 and large effect sizes (Partial Eta Squared: .871, .739, .667). Descriptive statistics revealed a notable increase in mean scores in post-tests, indicating the effectiveness of these strategies. Novelty: This study uniquely compares the effectiveness of simulation, blended, and self-directed learning strategies, providing comprehensive insights into their impacts on pediatric nursing education. Implications: The findings underscore the importance of incorporating diverse learning strategies in nursing curricula to enhance practical skills, suggesting that a combination of these methods could be most beneficial for student learning and competence in clinical settings.

Highlights:

Effective Strategies: Simulation, blended, and self-directed learning enhance pediatric nursing skills.
Significant Improvement: All methods showed highly significant skill development with large effect sizes.
Unique Comparison: The study provides valuable insights for nursing education curricula.

Keywords: Nursing education, pediatric skills, nasogastric tube insertion, simulation learning, blended learning

Comparative Analysis of Lutein Content in Leaves and Fruit of Lycium barbarum: Implications for Medicinal Applications

Omaima Saddam Zirjawi, Ula M Noor Almousawi, Amjed Haseeb Khamees — Tue, 17 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Herbal medicine stands as a pivotal realm of contemporary research, offering substantial benefits with minimal side effects. Lycium barbarum, recognized for its abundant bioactive compounds, holds promise in treating various ailments, particularly in antiaging and antioxidative capacities. Carotenoids, notably lutein and zeaxanthin, constitute key bioactive compounds with diverse functions in both plant physiology and human health, including photo protection against intense light and detoxification of reactive oxygen species. This study meticulously examines the lutein content within leaves and fruit of L. barbarum, employing a uniform extraction method and solvent. The investigation illuminates significant variations in lutein content between the leaves and fruit, shedding light on potential applications in herbal medicine and nutraceuticals.

Highlight:

Herbal Medicine Advancements: This study underscores the pivotal role of herbal medicine in contemporary research, emphasizing its potential for providing substantial benefits with minimal side effects.
Lycium barbarum's Therapeutic Potential: The research highlights Lycium barbarum's significance due to its rich array of bioactive compounds, particularly in addressing antiaging and antioxidative requirements.
Bioactive Carotenoids in Focus: The study delves into the functions of essential bioactive compounds, lutein and zeaxanthin, elucidating their roles in plant physiology and human health, including their photoprotective and detoxifying properties.

Keyword: Herbal Medicine, Lycium Barbarum, Bioactive Compounds, Carotenoids, Lutein Content

Heat Stress in Iraq Slashes Dairy Cow Health and Milk Production

Azhar Lateef Shwish — Sun, 23 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study examined the impact of heat stress on dairy cows in Iraq, categorizing them into Comfortable Zone (CZ), Mild Stress (MS), and High Stress (HS) based on the Thermal Humidity Index (THI). Over 90 days, cows were monitored for physiological, hematological, biochemical, and milk production parameters. Results showed that as heat stress increased, cows exhibited higher respiration, heart, and pulse rates, and rectal and skin temperatures. Hemoglobin and packed cell volume decreased, while red blood cell count and other related measures increased. Biochemical analyses revealed higher levels of cortisol, blood urea nitrogen, total protein, and liver enzymes, with reduced albumin. Milk yield and quality significantly declined under HS conditions. These findings highlight the need for effective heat stress mitigation to protect cow health and dairy productivity in hot climates.

Highlights:

Heat Stress Impact: Increased respiration, heart, pulse rates, and rectal and skin temperatures.
Blood Changes: Lower hemoglobin, higher cortisol, blood urea nitrogen, liver enzymes.
Milk Production: Reduced yield, fat content, and protein content under high stress.

Keywords: heat stress, dairy cows, physiology, milk production, Iraq

Effect of Fertilizer With Potassium Humate and the Method of Addition to the Growth and Yield of Red Cabbage

Noha Waleed Qader , Sahar Ali Khalo — Sat, 27 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: The application of potassium humate has been recognized for its potential to enhance plant growth and yield due to its nutrient enrichment properties. Specific Background: Despite extensive research on various fertilizers, the specific effects of potassium humate on red cabbage (Ruby King cultivar) growth and yield, especially concerning the method of application, remain underexplored. Knowledge Gap: Limited studies have addressed the comparative impact of foliar spraying versus soil addition of potassium humate on cabbage vegetative growth and yield characteristics. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of potassium humate (0, 50, 100, 150 g.l-1) and application methods (foliar spraying and soil addition) on the growth and yield of red cabbage. Results: A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications was implemented during the 2022-2023 agricultural season. Significant improvements in vegetative growth and yield were observed with the highest concentration (150 g.l-1) of foliar spraying. Key vegetative and yield parameters, such as plant height, stem length, number of leaves, leaf chlorophyll content, average head weight, and total yield, were positively influenced. Novelty: This study uniquely highlights the superior efficacy of foliar spraying with potassium humate at 150 g.l-1 over soil addition, providing insights into optimizing fertilization strategies for red cabbage. Implications: The findings advocate for the use of potassium humate, particularly via foliar spraying, as a beneficial organic fertilizer to enhance red cabbage growth and yield. This practice could lead to improved agricultural productivity and better tolerance of plants to environmental stresses, supporting sustainable agriculture initiatives.

Highlights:

Superior Growth: Foliar spraying with 150 g.l-1 potassium humate boosts growth.
Yield Increase: Highest humate concentration yields maximum red cabbage.
Effective Strategy: Foliar spraying outperforms soil addition for fertilization.

Keywords: Potassium humate, foliar spraying, red cabbage, vegetative growth, yield enhancement

Environmental Changes of the Temirnik River in Rostov-on-Don

Murooj Abbas Buhlool AL-Ghizzi, Zahraa Zahraw Al-Janabi — Thu, 15 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000

General Background: The increasing anthropogenic impact on river ecosystems has raised concerns about water quality and its effects on surrounding communities. Specific Background: This study focuses on the Temirnik River, located in the northern part of the city, particularly assessing pollution levels in the beaches of "Druzhba" and "Surp Khash." Historical data from 2000-2001 and recent analyses from 2017-2019 reveal significant fluctuations in chemical and biological toxicity. Knowledge Gap: While previous studies have documented pollution levels, a comprehensive comparison of historical and recent data to understand long-term changes and community impacts remains insufficiently explored. Aims: This study aims to track changes in pollution levels over time, evaluate the chemical and biological toxicity, and assess the anthropogenic impacts on the Temirnik River. Results: Chemical analysis revealed increased hardness of water due to the accumulation of calcium and magnesium sulfates and chlorides. The river, heavily impacted by untreated industrial and municipal waste, showed high toxicity levels, especially in the years 2017-2019. Bioassays using Chlorella vulgaris, Raphanus sativus, and Daphnia magna confirmed these findings. Novelty: This study provides a detailed comparative analysis of historical and contemporary pollution data, highlighting the persistent and worsening impact of anthropogenic activities on the Temirnik River. Implications: The findings underscore the critical need for ongoing monitoring and intervention to mitigate pollution. They advocate for implementing effective cleaning operations and regulatory measures to protect water quality and community health.

Highlights:

Increased water hardness from industrial and municipal waste.
Persistent high toxicity levels impacting ecosystems.
Urgent need for continuous monitoring and pollution control.

Keywords: Temirnik River, chemical pollution, biological toxicity, historical data, anthropogenic impact

Information and Communication Systems' Impact on Healthcare Quality: Insights from Medical City Complex Employees

Ola.B. Hashim — Thu, 09 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This descriptive analytical study investigates the pivotal role of information and communication systems in enhancing the quality of medical services, drawing upon the perspectives of employees at Medical City Complex. Employing a semi-experimental approach with 40 participants from the Department of Medicine, the research delves into the understanding of information and communication systems and quality medical care. The study employs a three-section questionnaire, encompassing demographic information, dimensions of healthcare quality, and dimensions of information and communication systems. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire were rigorously established. The findings unveil significant trends, particularly in factors such as age and years of service, illustrating their links to healthcare quality and information and communication systems. Detailed analyses of healthcare quality dimensions (Tangibles, Reliability, and Assurance) and information system aspects (Management, Organization, and Information Technology) are presented. The study concludes by elucidating the impact of independent variables on dependent variables, providing invaluable insights for future research and decision-making in the healthcare sector, ultimately enhancing the quality of medical care and information systems.

Highlights:

Investigates the impact of information and communication systems on medical service quality.
Utilizes a semi-experimental approach with 40 Department of Medicine employees.
Highlights the influence of age and years of service on healthcare quality and information systems.

Keywords: Healthcare Quality, Information and Communication Systems, Employee Perspectives, Validity and Reliability, Healthcare Improvement

Comparison Of The Number Of Leukocytes, Lymphocytes, Monocytes and Neutrophils In Patients with Infectious and Non-Infectious Febriles

Nadiyatul Husna Shofaroh, Syahrul Ardiansyah — Thu, 16 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The examination parameters used to detect febris are leukocytes (WBC), erythrocytes (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit, and platelets. Leukocyte examination is very important to detect the cause of febris. The purpose of this study was to determine the comparison of the number of leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils in patients with infectious and non-infectious febris. This study used a laboratory experimental research design, with quantitative methods. The research subjects were febris patients aged 0-5 years with a total of 60 patients. Data showing a significance value of p=0.000 (p<0.05) means that there is a comparison between the number of infectious and non-infectious febris leukocytes and the number of monocytes shows a significance value of p=0.003 (p<0.05) means that there is a comparison between the number of monocytes of infectious and non-infectious febris patients. While the number of lymphocytes showed a significance value of p=0.482 (p>0.05) meaning that there was no comparison between the number of lymphocytes with febris infection and non-infection, and the number of neutrophils showed a significance value of p=0.287 (p>0.05) meaning that there was no comparison between the number of neutrophils with febris infection and non-infection. Conclusion on the examination of the number of leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils in infectious and non-infectious febris patients, there is a comparison in the number of leukocytes and monists between infectious and non-infectious febris patients.

Highlight:

Leukocyte exams crucial for febrile diagnosis.
Variances in leukocyte and monocyte counts aid distinction.
Unique cell count patterns reveal infection types.

Keyword: Febris, Leukocytes, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Neutrophils

Moderate Proficiency in Suture Techniques Among Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study

Fri, 29 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge of healthcare providers, specifically nurses, regarding suturing skills, methods, and types at Al-Basrah Teaching Hospital. A descriptive cross-sectional approach was adopted from January 1, 2023, to July 30, 2023. A purposive sample of 100 nurses, representing both genders and various wards, participated. Preliminary validation was conducted through a pilot study involving ten healthcare providers, and Cronbach's Alpha assessed the survey's reliability. Data analysis was executed using SPSS version 26, focusing on descriptive statistics (mean, SD, frequency) and inferential statistics (chi-square). The demographic profile showed an equal distribution in age (50% aged 20-35), a slight female predominance (52%), and a majority holding diplomas (56%). Results indicated a moderate level of knowledge and proficiency in suturing skills and techniques among the participants. These findings suggest a need for enhanced training and education in suturing to improve patient care outcomes in clinical settings.

Highlights :

Moderate Suturing Proficiency: Nurses displayed a medium level of knowledge and skill in suturing techniques.
Demographic Diversity: Sample included a balanced age distribution, slight female predominance, and majority diploma holders.
Training Implications: Results highlight the necessity for improved suturing education to enhance patient care quality.

Keywords : Suturing Skills, Nurse Education, Healthcare Training, Cross-Sectional Study, Clinical Competency

Investigation Study of Cephalexin Capsule Content from Different Drug Companies Available in the Iraqi Pharmaceutical Market

Ekhlass T Soore, Najib Al Sabea — Fri, 29 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This study aimed to evaluate the cephalexin content in different capsule formulations from various pharmaceutical companies in the Iraqi market, ensuring medication safety and efficacy. Utilizing computerized High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), we analyzed the cephalexin (500 mg) capsules, employing a calibration curve plotted with varying concentrations of external standard cephalexin USP. The purity of cephalexin was further verified through U.V. and I.R. studies. Our quantitative analysis focused on determining the active ingredient's weight based on the area under the peak. The results affirmed that all samples were within the 90%-120% range permitted by the USP 2007 standards, with recoveries approximating 100%, indicating remarkable accuracy and precision. Interestingly, BRULEXIN brand demonstrated the closest recovery to 100%. These findings suggest the effectiveness of HPLC as a rapid, accurate, and sensitive method for pharmaceutical analysis, not only for cephalexin but potentially for other medications as well, highlighting its suitability for routine quality control in the pharmaceutical industry.

Highlights :

All cephalexin capsule samples met the USP 2007 standard, indicating consistent quality in the Iraqi pharmaceutical market.
High accuracy and precision of HPLC in quantifying active ingredients highlight its potential for broader pharmaceutical applications.
BRULEXIN brand showed the closest to 100% recovery, underscoring the variability among different manufacturers.

Keywords : Cephalexin Capsules, HPLC Analysis, Pharmaceutical Quality Control, Iraqi Market, Drug Purity

The Effect of Hepatitis B Vaccine on Health Workers in Medina

Sat, 30 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This study aimed to assess hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination rates among healthcare professionals and understand their knowledge about HBV transmission. Conducted in a healthcare setting, the research employed survey methods to collect data on vaccination status and awareness levels. Alarmingly, only 25% of healthcare workers were found to be vaccinated against HBV, highlighting a significant gap in protection. Additionally, a considerable lack of awareness regarding HBV transmission was observed among the participants. These findings underscore the urgent need for targeted vaccination campaigns and educational initiatives within primary healthcare environments. The study advocates for mandatory HBV vaccination as a condition of employment for healthcare workers, coupled with ongoing infection prevention and control training. Further research is recommended to explore the prevalence of HBV infection among healthcare professionals in primary care settings and to assess the broader implications for public health. This study serves as a critical call to action for healthcare systems to prioritize HBV vaccination and education, thereby safeguarding both healthcare providers and patients from HBV infection risks.

Highlights :

Low Vaccination Rates: Only 25% of healthcare workers are vaccinated against HBV, indicating a critical need for improved vaccination coverage in healthcare settings.
Knowledge Deficit: There is a significant lack of awareness among healthcare professionals about HBV transmission, necessitating educational programs.
Policy Implications: The study advocates for mandatory HBV vaccination for healthcare workers, emphasizing the importance of infection control measures for public health safety.

Keywords : Hepatitis B Vaccination, Healthcare Workers, Infection Prevention, Public Health, Vaccination Awareness

Wireless Incubators and Photodynamic Therapy Enhance Premature Infant Care

Yusur Jawad Kadhim — Mon, 13 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study addresses the critical health challenges faced by premature infants by developing an innovative, wirelessly controlled incubator using Arduino technology. By maintaining optimal environmental conditions (37°C and 50% humidity), similar to a mother's womb, and utilizing photodynamic therapy with a 400nm wavelength light to treat jaundice, our system reduces the risks associated with traditional wired setups and operational costs. The results demonstrate effective regulation of temperature and humidity, as well as a reduction in bilirubin levels, suggesting that this technology has significant potential to enhance neonatal care for premature infants.

Highlights:

Wireless control systems in incubators improve safety and reduce the complexity and cost associated with traditional wired setups.
Photodynamic therapy effectively reduces bilirubin levels, addressing jaundice in premature babies.
Maintaining optimal incubator conditions of 37°C temperature and 50% humidity mirrors the environment of a mother’s womb, enhancing survival rates.

Keywords: Premature Infants, Wireless Technology, Incubator, Photodynamic Therapy, Neonatal Care

Nurses’ Knowledge Regarding Management of Hypovolemic Shock: A Cross-Sectional Study

Maher Atiyah — Sun, 12 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Hypovolemic shock, a common post-surgery complication, poses significant challenges globally, particularly in trauma-related fatalities. Understanding nurses' knowledge of hypovolemic shock management is crucial for improving patient care and reducing mortality rates. However, research assessing nurses' knowledge in this area remains limited, especially in specific hospital settings. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate nurses' knowledge of hypovolemic shock management at Al-Basrah Teaching Hospitals. Data from 120 nurses were collected using a questionnaire-based survey and analyzed using SPSS version 26. Results indicated that most nurses demonstrated good knowledge (58%), while 39% had moderate knowledge and 3% had inadequate knowledge. This study highlights the need for targeted educational interventions to enhance nurses' understanding of hypovolemic shock management, potentially leading to improved patient outcomes and reduced mortality rates.

Highlight:

Comprehensive assessment: Nurses' knowledge evaluated at Al-Basrah Teaching Hospitals.
Knowledge distribution: Majority of nurses showed good understanding of shock management.
Practice implications: Highlight importance of targeted educational interventions for nurses.

Keywoard: Hypovolemic Shock, Nurses' Knowledge, Management, Al-Basrah Teaching Hospitals, Patient Care

Adipokines Identify Crucial Biomarkers for Hypertension in Iraq

Zainab F. Salbookhh, Usama H. Ramadhan, Gibran K. Hassan — Sun, 15 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Adipokines, which are generated by adipose tissue, are biologically active compounds that function similarly to traditional hormones. These proteins are involved in cellular signaling and control or modify several biological processes in target organs such as the brain, liver, muscles, heart, blood vessels, pancreas, and immune system. Adipokines can be incorporated into new diagnostic approaches as biological indicators of different metabolic, inflammatory, and cardiovascular conditions. The study was conducted at Al-Basrah Teaching Hospital on hypertensive patients between December 2022 and March 2023. This study included a sample of fifty-three patients with hypertension, whose ages ranged from 30 to 60 years. The features of these patients were compared to the same variables in a group of fifty-three healthy volunteers aged 30 to 40 years. This study aimed to identify the most significant alterations in serum apelin, spexin, and serum electrolyte levels (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and chloride) in patients solely diagnosed with hypertension. The analysis involved a statistical examination of the variables. The hypertension group had lower apelin and higher spexin levels than the control group. Additionally, each group had normal electrolyte levels (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride). The control group had somewhat higher potassium, calcium, and chloride levels than the hypertension group. The concentration of apelin does not influence sodium, calcium, magnesium, or chloride. Negative potassium correlation for apelin. However, spexin concentration does not impact sodium, potassium, calcium, or magnesium. Spexin concentrations are negatively correlated with apelin and chloride concentrations.

Highlight:

Adipokines Role: Adipokines are key in cellular signaling affecting multiple organs.
Study Findings: Hypertensive patients showed lower apelin and higher spexin levels.
Serum Electrolyte Levels: normal in both groups, with minor differences in potassium, calcium, and chloride.

Keywoard: Adipokines, Hypertension, Apelin, Spexin, Electrolytes

Nano Quercetin Accelerates Wound Healing in Laboratory Mice

Rasha Ali Salman , Amer Talib Tawfeeq, Mohanad W. Mahdi Alzubaidy — Thu, 16 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study explores the use of Curecetin nanoparticles, synthesized and characterized through X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and measured using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with sizes ranging from 13.40 to 44.66 nm. We conducted in vivo experiments on laboratory animals, applying nanoparticle doses of 10 mg, 50 mg, and 100 mg to 30 mm wounds. Skin wounds pose significant medical challenges due to potential complications like rupture and delayed healing. Results indicated that Curecetin nanoparticles significantly accelerated wound healing, with wound size reduction observed as early as the second day and substantial healing by the eighth day, suggesting the potential of nanoparticles in therapeutic applications for skin wounds.

Highlights:

Precise Characterization: Curecetin nanoparticles were precisely synthesized and characterized using XRD, FTIR, and SEM.
Rapid Healing: The study showed that Curecetin nanoparticles significantly accelerated wound healing in laboratory animals.
Clinical Potential: Results indicate a promising future for nanoparticle applications in treating skin wounds clinically.

Keywords: Nanoparticles, Curecetin, Wound Healing, Nanotechnology, Organism

Elevated CRP and IL6 Levels Predict Severe Cardiovascular Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients

Fri, 17 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study explores the association between C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels and cardiovascular complications in COVID-19 patients. Utilizing an ELISA kit for IL-6 and standard tests for CRP, we analyzed 192 samples, finding higher infection rates among the 50-69 age group, with significant prevalence of morbid obesity. Results showed a strong correlation between elevated CRP and IL-6 levels and the severity of cardiovascular complications, particularly in critical cases. These findings suggest that monitoring these biomarkers could be crucial for early intervention and managing cardiovascular risks in COVID-19 patients, potentially improving patient outcomes in clinical settings.

Highlights:

Biomarker Correlation: Elevated CRP and IL-6 levels are linked to severe cardiovascular complications in COVID-19 patients.
Risk Management: Monitoring these biomarkers helps in early intervention and managing cardiovascular risks.
Demographic Insights: The highest infection and complication rates are among the 50-69 age group with significant obesity.

Keywords: COVID-19, Cardiovascular Complications, CRP, IL-6, Biomarker Monitoring

Nurses in Iraq Show Alarmingly Low Infection Control Adherence

Alyaa H. Ali — Sun, 19 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study assesses nurses' adherence to standard precautions and infection management at the Republican Hospital in Basrah through a descriptive cross-sectional survey of 50 nurses, using a WHO-guideline-based questionnaire. The results indicate poor practice among 86% of nurses, with significant differences in adherence across age groups and workplace settings. The findings highlight the necessity for regular, targeted education to improve infection control practices, thus enhancing patient safety and care quality.

Highlights:

High Non-Adherence: 86% of nurses show poor infection control practices.
Demographic Differences: Age, workplace impact standard precaution adherence.
Need for Education: Targeted training essential to enhance safety.

Keywords: Nurses’ Commitment, Health Guidelines, Infection Control, Standard Precautions, Healthcare Safety

Anemia's Role in Premature Rupture of Membranes

Isnaniyah, Rafhani Rosyidah — Fri, 17 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Premature Rupture of Membranes (PROM) occurs before labor, typically at or beyond 37 weeks of gestation. This study investigates the relationship between anemia, Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED), and cesarean section history with PROM to aid early detection and prevention. Using a cross-sectional design, data from 94 third trimester pregnant women at the Wonoayu Health Center (January 2021 - June 2022) were analyzed. Results showed anemia was significantly associated with PROM (p=0.012), while CED and cesarean history were not. The study concludes that managing anemia in pregnant women is crucial to reduce PROM risk, highlighting the need for timely education and intervention.

Highlight:

Anemia significantly increases PROM risk.
No link between CED, cesarean history, and PROM.
Managing anemia crucial for PROM prevention.

Keyword: Premature Rupture of Membranes, Anemia, Chronic Energy Deficiency, Cesarean Section, Pregnancy

Adolescent Pregnancy in Indonesia Leads to Severe Psychological Impact

Arni Azis Yuliyantiningsih, Nurul Azizah — Tue, 21 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Adolescents are particularly vulnerable to unwanted pregnancies, leading to significant psychological impacts. This study explores the psychological effects of pregnancy on 15-18-year-old adolescents, focusing on a 17-year-old case study. Using in-depth interviews and the DASS 42 scale, we found that pregnancy in adolescents leads to depression, anxiety, and stress, affecting both the individual and their environment. The subject experienced familial neglect and initial denial, attempted to terminate the pregnancy, but ultimately accepted it with family and partner support. The findings highlight the need for robust support systems and preventive education to address adolescent pregnancy's psychological challenges.

Highlight:

Adolescent pregnancy causes severe depression, anxiety, and stress.
Family and partner support is crucial for coping.
Preventive education is essential for reducing psychological distress.

Keyword: dolescent pregnancy, psychological impact, depression, anxiety, stress

Global Impact of Delayed Cord Clamping on Newborn Health

Tue, 21 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Anemia and neonatal jaundice are major contributors to infant mortality. This study investigates the effects of delayed umbilical cord clamping on neonatal hemoglobin levels and jaundice. Using a quasi-experimental posttest-only control design, 101 newborns were sampled and divided into immediate clamping (<3 minutes) and delayed clamping (>3 minutes) groups. Hemoglobin levels were measured within 24 hours, and jaundice was assessed on days 4-7. Results showed that delayed clamping significantly increased hemoglobin levels (P = 0.000) and reduced jaundice incidence (P = 0.010). The findings suggest that delayed clamping improves early infant health outcomes and should be adopted in health facilities.

Highlight:

Delayed clamping improves hemoglobin, reduces jaundice in newborns.
Quasi-experimental design compares immediate vs. delayed cord clamping effects.
Adopting delayed clamping enhances early infant health outcomes.

Keyword: Anemia, neonatal jaundice, delayed cord clamping, hemoglobin levels, infant health

Revolutionizing Hospital IT Security through ISO 27001 Launched in Indonesia

Tasya Rafiiqa, Uce Indahyanti, Umi Khoirun Nisak — Tue, 21 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study examines the security of the E-HOS System at RSUD Ibnu Sina Kab. Gresik, identifying critical threats and vulnerabilities, and offering mitigation strategies. Using qualitative methods, including interviews, observations, and documentation, data was collected from December 2022 to May 2023. The OCTAVE framework revealed 17 potential risk events, with user-related risks being the most significant, showing an RPN as high as 162 for access rights abuse. The study recommends implementing ISO 27001 controls—Access Control, Human Resource Security, and Communications Security—to enhance system security. These findings highlight the importance of robust IT security governance in healthcare settings.

Highlight:

Critical Risks: 17 events, highest risk in user access rights abuse.
Methodology: Used OCTAVE framework, interviews, observations, documentation.
Recommendations: Implement ISO 27001 controls: Access Control, HR Security, Communications Security.

Keyword: E-HOS System, SIMRS security, OCTAVE method, risk assessment, ISO 27001

High Dose Sesbania Grandiflora Extract Alters Rat Kidney Electrolytes based on Insights from Indonesia

Mokhamad Amirul Hidayat, Jamilatur Rohmah — Wed, 22 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigates the acute toxicity of white turi flower extract (Sesbania grandiflora) on kidney electrolyte levels in rats (Rattus norvegicus). Conducted at Muhammadiyah University of Sidoarjo, male Wistar rats were divided into control and treatment groups, receiving 10,000, 15,000, and 20,000 mg/kgBW doses. Symptoms of toxicity included lethargy and hair loss, but no deaths occurred. Despite normal macroscopic kidney observations, sodium and potassium levels significantly increased with higher doses (p=0.000). These findings suggest that high doses of white turi flower extract can affect kidney electrolytes, indicating potential toxicity. Further research is needed to assess long-term safety for medicinal use.

Highlights:

1. High doses increase sodium and potassium in rat kidneys.
2. Symptoms: lethargy, hair loss, no fatalities.
3. Requires further research for long-term safety.

Keywords: Sesbania grandiflora, acute toxicity, kidney electrolytes, sodium, potassium

Prolonged Gadget Use May Delay Language Development in Young Children

Fida Putri Nurrahma Aliany, Hesty Widowati — Wed, 22 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study examines the relationship between gadget use duration and language and speech development in toddlers aged 3-5 years in Ketimang Village, Wonoayu. Using a cross-sectional analytic observational method, data were collected from 30 mothers through questionnaires on gadget use and developmental screening. The results indicated that most children using gadgets for over an hour showed doubtful language and speech development, but no significant relationship was found. The findings highlight the need for cautious gadget use among young children to prevent potential developmental delays. Ethical considerations, including anonymity and informed consent, were strictly observed.

Highlight:

Participants: 30 mothers with 3-5-year-old toddlers in Ketimang Village.
Finding: Gadget use over one hour showed doubtful language development.
Ethics: Ensured anonymity, confidentiality, and informed consent.

Keyword: Gadget use, language development, speech development, toddlers, cross-sectional study

Powerful Antibacterial for Wound Healing using Betel Leaf Extract

Hida Salmah Fajriati, Nurul Azizah — Wed, 22 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigates the antibacterial properties of betel leaf (Piper Betle L) extract on suture wound infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Using 25 Webster mice divided into five groups, the research compared the healing effects of 5%, 10%, and 15% betel leaf extract against a control group and a gentamicin antibiotic group over 8 days. Results, measured with the REEDA scale, indicated that the 15% extract was most effective, achieving optimal healing by the eighth day. These findings suggest that betel leaf extract, particularly at higher concentrations, could serve as a potent alternative to traditional antibiotics for treating bacterial wound infections.

Highlights:

15% Extract Most Effective: Achieved complete healing by eighth day.
Comparative Study: Betel leaf extract vs. control and gentamicin.
Antibacterial Alternative: Potential for treating bacterial wound infections.

Keywords: Betel leaf extract, Piper Betle L, wound infection, Staphylococcus aureus, antibacterial

The Devastating Psychological Impact on Elementary School Students of Bullying in Indonesia

Salsadila Elsa Nugroho, Nurul Azizah — Wed, 22 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study examines bullying at Larangan Sidoarjo Public Elementary School in South Sidoarjo and its psychological effects on victims. Using a qualitative case study method, data were collected through interviews and observations with teachers, parents, and victims, supplemented by secondary sources. Analysis followed the Miles and Huberman approach. Findings indicate that bullying includes both physical and verbal forms, leading to psychological issues such as low self-confidence, environmental anxiety, trauma in forming new friendships, and communication embarrassment. One notable case involved a student, RDF, who became introverted and sad due to verbal bullying about physical differences. The study underscores the need for effective anti-bullying programs and psychological support in schools.

Highlights:

1. Bullying Types: Physical and verbal forms identified.
2. Psychological Impact: Low self-confidence, anxiety, trauma in friendships.
3. Case Highlight: RDF became introverted from verbal bullying about physical differences.

Keywords: Bullying, Psychological effects, Elementary school, Qualitative study, Anti-bullying programs

The Tuina Acupressure Boosts Toddler Weight

sekarlita Normaulida Anggraini, Evi Rinata — Wed, 22 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigates the impact of tuina acupressure on the weight of malnourished toddlers in Jenisgelaran Village, Bareng, Jombang, Indonesia. Using a quasi-experimental design, 22 toddlers were divided into control and treatment groups, with the latter receiving daily tuina acupressure for 15 minutes over one month. Weight changes were measured before and after the intervention. Results showed a significant increase in the weight of toddlers who received tuina acupressure (P = 0.003). These findings suggest that tuina acupressure can effectively enhance weight gain in malnourished toddlers, recommending its integration into health practices by caregivers and healthcare providers.

Highlights:

1. Effective Intervention: Tuina acupressure increased toddler weight significantly (P = 0.003).
2. Study Methodology: Quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest on 22 toddlers.
3. Practical Application: Recommends tuina acupressure for malnutrition management in toddlers.

Keywords: tuina acupressure, toddler weight gain, malnutrition, quasi-experimental study, Indonesia

Bridging Communication Gaps for Maternal Well-being

Khoirotul Qiftiyah, Nurul Azizah — Wed, 22 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study examines the stress levels of a pregnant woman, Mrs. ARN, living with her in-laws, using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS 42). At 18 weeks gestation, Mrs. ARN showed mild stress, normal anxiety, and normal depression levels. Her stress stemmed from poor communication with her mother-in-law, leading to discomfort and emotional distress, which negatively impacted her appetite and well-being. The findings highlight the need for effective adaptation strategies and strong spousal support to create a harmonious living environment, reducing stress and promoting healthy pregnancy outcomes.

Highlights:

1. Measurement of Stress: Mrs. ARN's stress, anxiety, and depression were assessed using the DASS 42 scale, revealing mild stress.
2. Communication Issues: Poor communication with her mother-in-law was a significant source of Mrs. ARN's stress and emotional discomfort.
3. Need for Support: Effective adaptation strategies and spousal support are crucial for reducing stress and ensuring healthy pregnancy outcomes.

Keyword: Pregnancy stress, in-laws, DASS 42, spousal support, adaptation strategies

High Appendicitis Incidence in Young Adults Calls for Routine Histological Examination

Zainab Khairullah Aouda, Ahmed Aziz Ahmed, Dmoaa Majid Nasar — Tue, 28 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study explores the histopathological changes associated with appendicitis in appendicectomy specimens from Nasiriyah General Hospital. Employing a retrospective analysis on twenty specimens, it aims to underscore the importance of routine histological examinations. Findings reveal that all specimens were afflicted with appendicitis, featuring notable occurrences of mucosal glandular hyperplasia (43%), mucosal and submucosal layer necrosis (42%), and severe inflammatory cell infiltration (71%). These results highlight the necessity of comprehensive histological assessments in appendicectomy specimens to enhance diagnostic accuracy and improve patient management, particularly among adolescents and young adults.

Highlights:

All specimens confirmed appendicitis with significant alterations.
Routine histological exams critical for accurate diagnosis.
Enhanced scrutiny improves adolescent, young adult treatment.

Keywords: Appendicitis, Histopathological Changes, Appendicectomy, Histological Examination, Adolescents

Positioning Preterm Newborns for Cardiorespiratory Stability A Global Insight

Haneen Abdul Hussein Shamkhi, Adraa Hussein Shawq — Thu, 30 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study assessed the effects of supine, prone, and right lateral positioning on the cardiorespiratory indicators of preterm newborns using a randomized controlled trial with 60 participants. Measurements of heart rate, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation were taken before and after the application of these positions over three days. Results indicated significant improvements in all cardiorespiratory parameters in the intervention groups (p = 0.000), while the control group showed no significant changes. The findings suggest that strategic positioning can be an effective part of developmental care in neonatal intensive care units, enhancing the stabilization of vital functions in preterm newborns.

Highlights:

Strategic Positioning: Enhances cardiorespiratory stability in preterm newborns.
Methodological Rigor: Employs a robust randomized controlled trial.
Practical Implications: Recommends routine NICU positioning strategies.

Keywords: Preterm Newborns, Cardiorespiratory Stabilization, NICU, Positioning Strategies, Randomized Controlled Trial.

Hyperglycemia and Cholesterol Surge in Iraqi Diabetic Patients

Afak Rasheed Salman Zaidi, Ali abbas Ali — Fri, 31 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disorder characterized by abnormal hyperglycemia, often correlates with dyslipidemia. This study examined the relationship between random blood sugar (RBS) levels and cholesterol types (HDL, LDL, and total cholesterol) in 350 patients from Diyala, collected between February and April 2023. Results showed higher blood sugar levels in females (22.3%) than males (19.7%) among the elderly (≥60 years). Type 2 diabetes was more prevalent than type 1 (77% vs. 5.4%). Cholesterol levels were elevated in 26% of patients. RBS was high in 82% of patients, and 49% had elevated total cholesterol. Both age groups 41-60 and ≥60 had high hyperglycemia incidence (32%), with higher prevalence in females (40.6%) compared to males (35.7%). These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to manage blood sugar and cholesterol levels.

Highlights:

Prevalence: Type 2 diabetes is significantly more common than type 1 among patients in Diyala.
Gender Disparity: Females exhibit higher blood sugar and cholesterol levels compared to males.
Age Impact: Elevated blood sugar is prevalent in both middle-aged and elderly populations, necessitating targeted interventions.

Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Hyperglycemia, Cholesterol, Insulin Resistance, Dyslipidemia

Evaluating Nursing Students' Understanding of Hydatid Disease in Iraq

Husham Hussain Abdul Ra’aoof — Mon, 03 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigates the knowledge, attitudes, and awareness regarding Hydatid Disease among Nursing College students at the University of Basrah, recognizing its status as a neglected zoonotic disease. Utilizing a descriptive cross-sectional questionnaire-based approach, data were collected from 380 male and female students across the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th stages of study. Results reveal a significant lack of knowledge, with over half of the participants demonstrating poor understanding of the disease. Only a small fraction exhibited good knowledge, emphasizing the urgent need for heightened awareness initiatives. Interestingly, older students showed slightly better attitudes compared to younger ones. These findings underscore the necessity for targeted educational interventions to improve knowledge and attitudes toward Hydatid Disease among nursing students, ultimately enhancing public health outcomes.

Highlights:

Significant lack of knowledge among Nursing College students regarding Hydatid Disease.
Urgent need for heightened awareness initiatives to address the knowledge gap.
Targeted educational interventions required to improve attitudes and knowledge among students.

Keywords: Hydatid Disease, Nursing College Students, Awareness, Knowledge, Attitude

Toxoplasma Infection Alters Lipid Profiles Challenging Cardiovascular Norms

Qasim Ibrahim Khalaf — Fri, 07 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study conducted at Baquba Teaching Hospital from January to April 2024, investigated the lipid profiles of 75 participants (50 patients with Toxoplasma and 25 controls) aged between 50 and 60 years. Existing research suggests a potential link between Toxoplasma infection and alterations in lipid metabolism; however, specific effects on different lipid fractions are not well-understood. This study aimed to explore the association between Toxoplasma infection and changes in lipid profiles, particularly focusing on whether infection status correlates with variations in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. Venous blood samples were collected pre-breakfast and processed to obtain serum, which was analyzed for lipid profiles. The findings indicated that lipid levels generally increased in Toxoplasma patients compared to controls, except for a decrease in HDL levels. These results suggest that Toxoplasma infection could influence lipid metabolism, potentially impacting cardiovascular risk. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying these changes and their clinical implications.

Highlights:

Toxoplasma infection is linked to significant changes in lipid profiles.
The study identifies a unique decrease in HDL levels among infected individuals.
Implications suggest potential cardiovascular risks associated with Toxoplasma.

Keywords: Toxoplasma, Lipid Metabolism, Cardiovascular Risk, HDL Decrease

Unlocking Nurse Satisfaction Global Imperatives for Retention and Wellbeing

Hassan Mohammed Hassan , Faraj Faraj — Fri, 07 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study explores job satisfaction among nurses through a descriptive cross-sectional analysis conducted from January to April 2024, using a purposive sample of 400 participants. The findings reveal that while 85.9% of nurses are moderately satisfied with their jobs, satisfaction varies significantly between internal job elements (77.5% satisfaction) and external job factors (62.2% satisfaction). The study recommends the implementation of career development programs, recognition initiatives, and work-life balance strategies, alongside stress management and resilience training, to enhance overall job satisfaction and prevent burnout. These measures are crucial for improving healthcare outcomes and reducing staff turnover.

Highlights:

Moderate Satisfaction: Most nurses are moderately satisfied, highlighting areas for improvement.

Satisfaction Disparity: There's a significant gap between satisfaction with internal and external job elements.
Strategic Interventions: Career development and stress management programs are recommended to boost satisfaction and retention.

Keywords: Nurse Satisfaction, Job Factors, Healthcare Management, Stress Prevention, Workforce Stability

Gender Age Disparity in Amoebiasis Prevalence in Iraq

Qasim Ibrahim Khalaf — Fri, 07 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This comparative cross-sectional study evaluates the prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica, the causative agent of amoebiasis, in the human population of Diyala Governorate, conducted at Alshams Medical Labs in Baqubah city. Despite the global health burden of amoebiasis, particularly in developing countries, data on its age and gender-specific prevalence remain sparse. Aimed at filling this knowledge gap, our research specifically assessed the distribution of E. histolytica in males and females across two age groups (1-15 years and 15-45 years). The study found that 74% of females aged 1-15 years harbored both cysts and trophozoites, while males of the same age group showed a markedly lower prevalence at 19%. In the 15-45 year age group, males demonstrated a higher prevalence (50%) compared to females (9%). These findings suggest significant gender and age-related disparities in the prevalence of E. histolytica. The results could inform targeted public health interventions and contribute to more effective management and prevention strategies for amoebiasis in endemic regions.

Highlights:

Gender Disparity: Marked differences in infection rates between males and females.
Age Influence: Varied prevalence across different age groups.
Health Strategy Needs: Highlights the necessity for targeted public health interventions.

Keywords: Amoebiasis, Entamoeba Histolytica, Prevalence, Gender Disparity

Hearing Loss in Iraq Deteriorates Social and Environmental Quality of Life

Sarah Abed Alsada, Nuha Adel Ibrahim — Tue, 11 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigates the impact of hearing loss on social interactions and environmental behaviors in individuals, utilizing a descriptive method at the Otolaryngology Department of Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital, Iraq, with 200 participants from December 25, 2023, to March 1, 2024. Participants underwent pure tone audiometry and completed the WHO Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) Version in Arabic. Results indicate a moderate decline in social and environmental quality of life among those with hearing loss, highlighting the necessity for targeted interventions to improve outcomes. This study underscores the need for regular auditory screenings and enhanced support services to better the quality of life for individuals suffering from hearing loss.

Highlights:

Quality of Life: Hearing loss significantly impacts social and environmental interactions.
Intervention Need: Highlights the necessity for targeted interventions to improve life quality.
Screening Importance: Emphasizes regular auditory screenings to detect and manage hearing loss early.

Keywords: Hearing Loss, Social Interaction, Environmental Behavior, Quality of Life, Auditory Health

Modulation of p53 and p21 Genes Expression in Cardiovascular Cultured Cells

Shurooq Hussein Jaber Al Jebur — Thu, 13 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study explores the role of the p53 and p21 genes, central to the cell cycle arrest pathway, in cardiovascular diseases, focusing on their modulation by endocannabinoid ligands. Previous research has established the significance of CNR1 in cardiovascular regulation; however, its interaction with p53 pathways remains underexplored. We aimed to investigate the effects of Anandamide and Rimbonant on the expression levels of p53 and p21 in smooth muscle cells at both mRNA and protein levels. Our results indicate that Anandamide significantly increases p53 mRNA (3.191±0.38, Pv≤0.01) and protein (31.37±2.60) levels, while Rimbonant shows a decrease after 1 hour of treatment. Similarly, p21 expression was upregulated by Anandamide and downregulated by Rimbonant. These findings suggest that manipulating p53 activity through CNR1 ligands could potentially mitigate cardiovascular disease risks, warranting further investigation into their pharmacological applications.

Highlights:

Gene Modulation: Anandamide boosts p53 and p21 expression.
Rimbonant Effects: Rimbonant reduces these gene levels.
Therapeutic Potential: Indicates possibilities for cardiovascular disease treatment.

Keywords: P53 Gene, Cardiovascular Disease, Endocannabinoids, Anandamide, Rimbonant

Pregnancy Self-Care Gaps Between First-Time and Experienced Mothers in Iraq

Fatima Shamkhi Atiyah , Sajidah Saadoon Oleiwi — Fri, 14 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study explores self-care behaviors among primigravida and multigravida women in Holy Karbala City, focusing on managing minor pregnancy discomforts. Amidst hormonal changes that alter the maternal body, understanding and implementing effective self-care is pivotal for pregnant women's health. This descriptive quantitative research utilized a non-probability sample of 350 women across three trimesters, analyzed using SPSS version 26. Results indicate that self-care behaviors were moderate overall and similarly moderate concerning minor discomforts. A significant correlation was found between the women's self-care behaviors and their educational level, occupation, family type, gravidity, number of abortions, parity, and length of marriage, with respective p-values of .001, .002, .004, .001, .002, .008, .050, and .011. The findings highlight the necessity of targeted educational strategies to enhance self-care practices among pregnant women, addressing demographic and reproductive characteristics that influence these behaviors.

Highlights:

Moderate Self-Care: Both primigravida and multigravida women displayed moderate self-care for pregnancy discomforts.
Correlation with Demographics: Self-care behaviors correlate significantly with education, occupation, and family type.
Need for Education: Findings suggest enhancing educational programs to improve self-care among pregnant women.

Keywords: Pregnancy Self-Care, Primigravida, Multigravida, Discomfort Management

Assessing Nursing Students' Knowledge of Sleeve Gastrectomy Effects

Samahir Sabri Hamid, Wasfi Dhahir Abid Ali, Maher Abdulameer Atiyah — Sun, 16 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This descriptive study assesses the knowledge of gastric sleeve procedures among 55 fourth-year nursing students at the College of Nursing in 2024. Recognizing the crucial role of nurses in managing obesity through surgical interventions, this research aims to identify educational gaps within the nursing curriculum. The students were evaluated using a structured questionnaire focused on their understanding of the procedure's link to obesity factors. Results indicated that the majority of students had a satisfactory knowledge level, with significant mean scores; however, about 25% of the responses—mainly those detailing surgical specifics—showed insufficient knowledge. These findings highlight the need for enhanced educational focus on bariatric surgery in nursing programs to better prepare students for clinical responsibilities in patient care and surgical support.

Highlights:

Knowledge Level: Majority of students showed good understanding of gastric sleeve procedures.
Knowledge Gaps: About 25% lacked detailed surgical knowledge.
Educational Implications: Results suggest the need for enhanced bariatric surgery content in nursing curricula.

Keywords: Gastrectomy, Obesity, Nursing Education, Bariatric, Knowledge

S. aureus Colonization in Atopic Dermatitis Raises Global Concern

Thu, 20 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Atopic Dermatitis (AD) is often worsened by Staphylococcus aureus colonization, which compromises the skin barrier and increases inflammation. This study aimed to identify risk factors for S. aureus infection in AD patients. Swabs from 100 AD patients at Baqubah Teaching Hospital, Iraq, were analyzed from October to February 2023. S. aureus was identified in 40% of patients using the Vitek 2 device. Results showed a significant correlation between S. aureus colonization and AD, particularly in younger patients, with the highest infection rates in males over 40. These findings highlight the need for targeted treatments to manage S. aureus in AD, potentially improving patient outcomes.

Highlights:

High Infection Rates: S. aureus found in 40% of AD patients.
Age Correlation: Higher colonization in younger AD patients.
Targeted Treatment: Emphasize targeted therapies for managing S. aureus in AD.

Keywords: Atopic Dermatitis, Staphylococcus aureus, skin barrier, microbial dysbiosis, infection risk

Nano-Chitosan and Aschorbic Acid Synergistically Combat Resistant Staph in Atopic Dermatitis

Thu, 20 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Chitosan, derived from natural sources like fish scales and fungal cell walls, forms nanoparticles (NPs) with notable antimicrobial properties. This study examines the antibacterial effects of ascorbic acid combined with nano-chitosan on Staphylococcus aureus isolates from 100 atopic dermatitis (AD) patients. Using the Vitek 2 Compact device for bacterial identification and antibiotic sensitivity testing, we found that nano-chitosan/ascorbic acid composites significantly inhibited the growth of multidrug-resistant S. aureus. The antimicrobial activity increased with higher concentrations, highlighting the potential of this natural polymer blend as an effective treatment for AD-related bacterial infections.

Highlights:

Effective Inhibition: Nano-chitosan/ascorbic acid inhibits multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AD Focus: Targets S. aureus in atopic dermatitis patients.
Green Alternative: Uses natural, non-toxic antibacterial agents.

Keywords: Chitosan nanoparticles, Ascorbic acid, Staphylococcus aureus, Atopic dermatitis, Antibacterial treatment

Low Pre-Conception Health Among Iraqi College Women Linked to Age and Socioeconomic Status

Nawres jameel Arief, Prof dr Arkan bahlol Naji — Thu, 04 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study explores pre-conception health behaviors among female college students at the University of Baghdad, highlighting a critical gap in non-Western contexts. Conducted from October 2023 to March 2024 with 144 participants, the cross-sectional study assessed pre-pregnancy health behaviors using a validated 5-point Likert scale. Results showed that 74.4% of students exhibited low pre-conception health behaviors, with significant predictors being age (p = 0.008), academic grade (p = 0.041), and socioeconomic status (p = 0.035). The average participant age was 20.63 years, with most in their first academic year and living with parents. The findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions and educational programs to improve pre-pregnancy health awareness and behaviors in this demographic.

Highlights:

High Prevalence: 74.4% exhibited low pre-conception health behaviors.
Influential Factors: Age, grade, and socioeconomic status significantly impacted behaviors.
Intervention Needed: Educational programs essential for improving pre-conception health awareness.

Keywords: pre-conception health, female college students, predictive factors, socioeconomic status, health behaviors

Hardiness Shields Against Depression in Iraqi Dialysis Patients

Mustafa A. Abid, Tahseen R. Mohammed — Tue, 23 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Renal dialysis patients face numerous challenges throughout treatment and experience significant psychological pressures, including depression. The positive impact of psychological hardiness on mental health is notable and can lead to improved outcomes for individuals with depression. Specific Background: Depression is prevalent among renal failure patients, often going unrecognized and adversely affecting daily routines, social interactions, and overall well-being, potentially leading to higher mortality rates. Knowledge Gap: While the relationship between psychological hardiness and depression in renal failure patients has been suggested, comprehensive data quantifying this relationship is lacking. Aims: This study aims to determine the prevalence of depression symptoms and their correlation with psychological hardiness in renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis. Results: Conducted as a descriptive correlational study from December 2023 to May 2024, 200 patients from Baghdad hospitals participated. The average age was 48.21 years, with 53% being male. Depression symptoms were reported at minimal (29.5%) and moderate (25.5%) levels, with an overall mean depression score indicating a moderate level (20.335±10.783). Psychological hardiness was moderate in 52.5% of patients. A significant negative correlation was found between psychological hardiness and depression symptoms (p-value = 0.001). Novelty: This study highlights the moderate levels of both psychological hardiness and depression symptoms among renal failure patients and establishes a significant inverse relationship between the two variables, suggesting that higher psychological hardiness is associated with lower depression symptoms. Implications: The findings suggest the need for community institutions to provide comprehensive support, boost self-confidence, and enhance life satisfaction for renal failure patients.

Hiighligt:

Moderate depression and psychological hardiness levels in renal failure patients.
Significant negative correlation between psychological hardiness and depression symptoms.

Support and counseling programs recommended to enhance mental health and resilience

Keyword: Renal dialysis, depression, psychological hardiness, hemodialysis, mental health

Uncovering the Knowledge Landscape of Food-Drug Interactions Among Medical Professionals

Oula Mohammed Sami — Sat, 03 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Drug-food interactions (DFIs) can alter drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, impacting patient outcomes. Health care professionals (HCPs) play a critical role in managing these interactions. Specific Background: Despite their significance, the awareness of DFIs among Iraqi medical professionals is inadequately documented. Knowledge Gap: There is a lack of comprehensive studies evaluating the knowledge of DFIs among medical professionals in Iraq, which is crucial for improving patient care and therapeutic efficacy. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge of food-drug interactions among Iraqi medical professionals, including medical students, newly graduated doctors, and junior doctors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire with 20 questions evaluating knowledge on common DFIs. Results: The study revealed a concerning lack of knowledge about DFIs among participants, with junior doctors scoring an average of 7.1 out of 15, newly graduated doctors 6.38, and sixth-grade medical students 5.27. Only 13% felt knowledgeable about DFIs, while 31.7% acknowledged their insufficient understanding. Notably, knowledge on interactions such as tyramine-rich foods with antidepressants and grapefruit juice with statins was limited. Novelty: This study provides the first comprehensive assessment of DFI knowledge among Iraqi medical professionals, highlighting significant gaps and educational needs. Implications: The findings underscore the necessity for enhanced educational programs targeting DFIs in medical curricula, ensuring HCPs are equipped to counsel patients effectively, thereby improving patient safety and therapeutic outcomes. These results emphasize the importance of targeted educational interventions to bridge the knowledge gap, ultimately contributing to better health outcomes and informed patient care in Iraq.

Highlights:

Knowledge Gaps: Iraqi medical professionals lack understanding of common food-drug interactions.
Education Needed: Enhanced training on interactions is essential in medical curricula.
Patient Safety: Improving knowledge will lead to better patient outcomes.

Keywords: Food–Drug Interactions, Knowledge, Drug Interaction, Medical Students

Perceived severity and Barriers to Health Promotion of Male addicts in Early Recovery from Drug Use Disorder

Ali Mohammed Shkara, Hassan Ali Hussein — Tue, 06 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Drug addiction remains a significant public health issue globally, with substantial personal and societal impacts. Effective treatment and health promotion behaviors are crucial for recovery. Specific Background: In Iraq, the context of addiction treatment and the factors influencing health promotion behaviors among male addicts are underexplored. Knowledge Gap: There is limited understanding of the perceived severity and barriers to health promotion behaviors among male addicts in drug addiction centers in Iraq. Aims: Aims to assess the perceived severity and barriers to health promotion behavior among male addicts with a drug use disorder. Methods: A descriptive study design was utilized, with a convenience sample of 100 male individuals aged 15 to 45 from the Al-Ataa Hospital for Addiction and Psychological Rehabilitation. Data were collected via a questionnaire comprising socio-demographic characteristics and scales measuring beliefs regarding addiction. Cronbach's alpha for the perceived barriers and severity scales were 0.789 and 0.881, respectively. Results: The average participant age was 28 years, with 49% single, 71% living in lower-class neighborhoods, and 72% voluntary admissions. A significant relationship was found between educational level and health beliefs (p=0.00). The study revealed a high-level assessment of perceived severity and a moderate-level assessment of perceived barriers. Novelty: This study highlights the significant impact of educational level on health beliefs among male addicts, a relatively unexplored area in the region. Implications: The findings suggest that increasing awareness among patients and their families, establishing specialized hospitals, developing targeted policies, and leveraging media can enhance addiction treatment. This research underscores the need for comprehensive approaches involving various stakeholders to address drug addiction effectively.

Highlights:

High Perceived Severity: Addicts show high severity awareness.
Education Impact: Significant link between education and health beliefs.
Policy Recommendations: Establish specialized hospitals, targeted policies, media involvement.

Keywords: drug addiction, health promotion, perceived barriers, perceived severity, Iraq

Navigating Ethics in AI-Driven Translation for a Human-Centric Future

Mohammed Kadhim Mutashar — Wed, 07 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000

General Background: The rapid growth of AI technology is reshaping various industries, including translation, bringing both opportunities and ethical challenges. Specific Background: AI's integration into translation processes promises automation and efficiency but raises concerns about the role of human translators, translation quality, and cultural nuances. Additionally, issues like machine bias and privacy preservation are emerging as critical ethical considerations. Knowledge Gap: While much attention has been given to AI's technical advancements, there is a lack of comprehensive research addressing the ethical implications of AI in translation and its impact on professional roles and requirements. Aims: This study aims to critically review the literature on AI's impact on the translation profession and explore the ethical challenges arising from AI integration. It seeks to provide recommendations for ethical translation practices in an AI-enhanced environment. Results: Through in-depth interviews with professional translators, educators, and industry experts, the study identified key themes such as transparency in AI systems, the responsibility of human translators, bias in AI systems, and the impact on human translators. Novelty: This research offers a unique perspective by combining insights from diverse stakeholders and emphasizing ethical considerations in AI-assisted translation. It proposes an action-oriented approach to addressing ethical concerns to ensure the survival of the translation profession in an AI-driven society. Implications: The findings serve as valuable guidance for translators, educators, and policymakers, highlighting the need for ethical frameworks and guidelines specific to AI integration in translation. This study underscores the importance of balancing AI advancements with ethical standards to achieve high-quality, culturally sensitive translations.

Highlight:

Ethical Considerations: Address bias and privacy in AI-assisted translation.
Human Expertise: Maintain human involvement for quality and cultural nuance.
Future Research: Enhance ethical practices with diverse, comprehensive studies.

Keyword: AI integration, translation ethics, machine bias, human translators, cultural sensitivity

Nurses` Practices concerning Care of Transition to Oral Feeding in Preterm Neonate

Ali Mohsin Rahman, Afifa Radha Aziz — Mon, 12 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Premature neonates often struggle with oral feeding due to physiological immaturity, necessitating skilled nursing support during the transition from tube to oral feeding. Knowledge Gap: Despite the critical role of nurses in this process, there is limited evidence on their practices and the factors influencing their effectiveness. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate nurses' practices in caring for neonates transitioning to oral feeding and to identify predictive factors, such as education and training, that influence these practices. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Al-Batoul Training Hospital in the Diyala Governorate from October 2023 to February 2024. A non-probability convenience sample of 60 nurses was assessed using a 35-item checklist, validated by experts and tested for reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.81). Data analysis involved descriptive and inferential statistics, with simple linear regression employed to identify relationships between nurses’ practices and demographic variables. Results: The findings revealed that 86.7% of nurses exhibited inadequate practices, with the majority (65.0%) having less than 5 years of experience and 85.0% not attending training courses. Regression analysis indicated that education level (p = 0.007) and attendance of training courses (p = 0.001) were significant predictors of practice quality. Novelty: This study is among the first to quantify the inadequacy of nurses' practices in the transition to oral feeding in a developing country context, highlighting education and training as critical areas for intervention. Implications: The results underscore the urgent need for healthcare organizations to implement comprehensive training programs and educational initiatives aimed at improving neonatal care practices, particularly in NICUs, to ensure better health outcomes for preterm infants.

Highlights:

Significant nurse practice deficiencies in neonate oral feeding transition.
Education and training crucial for improving nurse performance.
Need for comprehensive neonatal care training programs.

Keywords: Premature neonates, oral feeding, neonatal care, nurse practices, training programs

Star Anise Reverses Benzopyrene-Induced Immune Dysfunction in Rats

Eman Naji Saleh, Iktefa Abdul Hamid Mohammed Saeed, Nedhal ibrahim latef — Tue, 13 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Benzopyrene (B[a]P), a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, is known for its carcinogenic and immunotoxic effects, posing significant health risks upon exposure. Specific Background: Despite numerous studies, effective therapeutic strategies to mitigate B[a]P-induced toxicity remain limited. Star anise, a medicinal plant with anti-inflammatory properties, holds potential as a protective agent against such toxicity. Knowledge Gap: The impact of star anise on B[a]P-induced immunotoxicity, particularly on hematological parameters, has not been thoroughly investigated. Aims: This study aimed to explore the effects of B[a]P intoxication and its treatment with star anise on hematological parameters in rats. Methods: Thirty male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into six groups: Control, B[a]P, and varying doses of star anise (125 mg/kg, 120 mg/kg + B[a]P, 125 mg/kg + B[a]P, 130 mg/kg + B[a]P). Blood samples were analyzed using an auto blood analyzer. Results: While erythrogram parameters showed no significant differences among groups, B[a]P exposure significantly increased WBC parameters (Mid, Gran, L, and total WBC counts), indicating an inflammatory and immunosuppressive response. Treatment with star anise significantly reduced these parameters, suggesting its protective effects. Novelty: This study is the first to demonstrate the efficacy of star anise in mitigating B[a]P-induced leukocytosis and immune toxicity in rats. Implications: These findings highlight the potential of star anise as a therapeutic agent against B[a]P-induced immunotoxicity, warranting further investigation into its clinical applications.

Highlights:

Benzopyrene Exposure: Increases WBC parameters, indicating immune response.
Star Anise Treatment: Reduces WBC counts, showing protective effects.
Novel Findings: Star anise mitigates B[a]P-induced immunotoxicity in rats.

Keywords: Benzopyrene, Star Anise, Hematological Parameters, Immunotoxicity, Rats

Escalating Antibiotic Resistance in Uremia Patients Demands Urgent Global Action

Ahmad Shandookh Hameed — Thu, 22 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Uremia, a frequent complication of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), compromises immunity, increasing patients' susceptibility to bacterial infections. Multi-drug resistance (MDR) and extensively drug resistance (XDR) further exacerbate infection management challenges, particularly in regions with limited resources. Knowledge Gap: While bacterial resistance is well-documented globally, the prevalence and specific resistance patterns in uremia patients in Nasiriyah City remain underexplored. Aims: This study aimed to establish the prevalence and resistance profiles of MDR and XDR bacterial isolates among uremia patients in Nasiriyah City, with a focus on treatment implications and infection control strategies. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital from February 2023 to January 2024. One hundred samples from uremia patients were cultured and tested using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method following CLSI guidelines. Results: The most frequently isolated bacteria were Escherichia coli (40%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (30%), Staphylococcus aureus (20%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10%). High resistance rates were observed for Ampicillin (95%), Amoxicillin-Clavulanate (80%), and Ceftriaxone (75%), while resistance to Imipenem and Meropenem was lowest at 5% and 10%, respectively. Significant resistance patterns were noted across all tested antibiotics (P<0.05). Novelty: This study provides the first comprehensive analysis of MDR and XDR bacterial prevalence in uremia patients in Nasiriyah City, highlighting the critical need for targeted antibiotic stewardship. Implications: The findings underscore the urgency of implementing stringent infection control measures and developing alternative therapeutic strategies to combat the rising threat of antibiotic resistance in this vulnerable population. The efficacy of carbapenems, though still relatively preserved, necessitates cautious use to prevent further resistance development.

Highlights:

High resistance to common antibiotics in E. coli and K. pneumoniae.
Carbapenems remain effective, with low resistance rates.
Urgent need for antibiotic stewardship and alternative treatments.

Keywords: Uremia, Multi-drug resistance, Antibiotic susceptibility, Nasiriyah City, Infection control

Chemical Study of Iraqi Kassub Plant Eryngium creticum Lam and its Geographical Distribution in Diyala Province

Thu, 22 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000

General Background: The therapeutic potential of medicinal plants has garnered increasing interest, particularly in relation to their chemical compositions and geographical distributions. Specific Background: This study focuses on Eryngium creticum Lam, an Apiaceae family plant known as Iraqi Kassub, prevalent in the Diyala province of Iraq. Knowledge Gap: Despite its traditional use in treating various ailments, there is a lack of comprehensive chemical analysis and geographical distribution data for this plant. Aims: The objective of this research was to identify the chemical components of Eryngium creticum Lam through GC-MS analysis and to map its geographical distribution within the Diyala province. Results: The chemical study revealed 101 distinct compounds in the alcoholic extract of the plant, highlighting a significant presence of sitosterols and sugars. These compounds are associated with antioxidant properties and therapeutic applications, including the treatment of envenomations, leishmaniasis, and anemia. Novelty: This study is novel in its detailed chemical profiling and geographical mapping of Eryngium creticum Lam, providing new insights into its medicinal value and distribution. Implications: The findings underscore the plant's potential as a therapeutic resource and emphasize the need for further research. Future studies should aim to isolate and characterize bioactive compounds such as phenols and flavonoids and assess their efficacy and safety through in vivo models to validate their therapeutic potential.

Highlights:

GC-MS identified 101 compounds.
Bioactive compounds with therapeutic properties.
Mapped geographical distribution in Diyala.

Keywords: Eryngium creticum, GC-MS, therapeutic potential, chemical profile, geographical distribution

Management and Outcomes of Severe Submergence in Second Premolar

Wanda Karisma Dian Sari, Windy Yuliartanti, Eka Setyawardana — Tue, 27 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000

General Background: The early loss of primary molars is a prevalent dental issue that can lead to significant occlusal disturbances, including space reduction and misalignment of permanent teeth. Specific Background: Submergence of the second permanent molar following premature exfoliation of primary molars exacerbates these issues, complicating the eruption pattern and dental arch integrity. Knowledge Gap: Despite existing treatment modalities, there is limited evidence on the effectiveness of specific appliances in managing severe submergence cases in pediatric patients. Aims: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of the Gerber Space Regainer in restoring lost space and correcting the alignment of submerged second premolars in a pediatric patient. Results: A 10-year-old patient experiencing significant space loss due to premature exfoliation of tooth 85 was treated with a Gerber Space Regainer. Over a 7-week period, the appliance successfully regained 8 mm of space, with notable uprighting of the affected premolar, achieving complete recovery of the dental arch. Novelty: This case report highlights the practical application and success of the Gerber Space Regainer, emphasizing its efficiency in a short time frame, which has not been extensively documented in similar clinical scenarios. Implications: The findings suggest that the Gerber Space Regainer is an effective and reliable option for managing complex orthodontic cases involving submergence and space loss, contributing to the enhancement of treatment protocols in pediatric dentistry.

Highlights:

Effective space recovery: The Gerber Space Regainer successfully restored 8 mm of lost dental arch space in 7 weeks.
Improved alignment: The treatment led to the uprighting of the submerged second premolar, ensuring proper occlusion.
Pediatric applicability: The appliance demonstrated high efficiency and compliance in a young patient, showcasing its potential in pediatric cases.

Keywords: Premature Loss, Space Regainer, Submergence, Second Premolar, Eruption Disturbance

Premarital Screening Uncovers Alarming Health Risks in Iraq

Tue, 03 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Premarital screening programs, implemented globally since the 1970s, aim to improve reproductive health outcomes by identifying potential genetic and infectious risks before marriage. Specific Background: In July 2013, the Thi-Qar Governorate in Iraq introduced a premarital screening program to enhance health outcomes for pregnant women and their offspring. However, regional data on the efficacy and impact of such programs remain limited. Knowledge Gap: The prevalence and distribution of blood disorders and infectious diseases among couples in this region, and their implications for public health, have not been extensively documented. Aims: This study evaluates the pathophysiological status of couples undergoing premarital screening in Nasiriyah, Iraq, focusing on the prevalence of blood disorders and infectious diseases. Results: Data from 14,190 individuals (7095 couples) collected from January to December 2023 revealed significant health concerns: 34.40% had hemoglobin levels below 12 gm/dl, and notable percentages carried thalassemia and sickle cell anemia genes. Gender-specific analysis showed that all males tested positive for HIV, while significant proportions of females tested positive for HCV and T. palladium. No significant differences were found in the ABO blood system. Novelty: This study provides comprehensive, region-specific data on premarital screening outcomes in Iraq, highlighting significant disparities in disease prevalence between sexes and compared to other regions. Implications: The findings underscore the importance of enhancing premarital screening programs and integrating educational and preventive measures. Future research should include longitudinal studies to assess the long-term impact of these screenings and explore the benefits of incorporating genetic counseling to further mitigate hereditary and infectious risks.

Highlights:

High prevalence of blood disorders and infections in couples.
Gender differences: all males positive for HIV, significant female infections.
Need for improved education and prevention measures.

Keywords: Premarital Screening, Hemoglobinopathies, Infectious Diseases, Nasiriyah, Iraq

Assessing Nurses' Knowledge on Medication to Reduce Errors in Iraq

Sat, 07 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

General background: Administering and preparing medications are fundamental aspects of nursing practice that significantly influence patient outcomes. Specific background: Medication errors during preparation or administration can lead to adverse effects, and assessing nurses' knowledge in this area is crucial for improving patient safety. Knowledge gap: Limited studies have examined the specific knowledge of nurses in Iraq, particularly in Basra hospitals, regarding these practices. Aims: This study aims to assess the knowledge of nurses in Basra Governorate hospitals concerning medication preparation and administration, identifying areas for improvement to enhance patient care. Results: The study surveyed 70 nurses (55.71% female and 44.28% male), with 47.1% holding a BSc in nursing sciences, 28.57% with a diploma, and 24.28% from secondary nursing schools. Regarding experience, 31.42% had less than one year, and 30% had 1-5 years of experience. Participants worked across emergency, internal medicine, surgery, and other departments. Nurses demonstrated a significant mean score of 1.84 in knowledge regarding drug preparation practices and a score of 1.74 in knowledge regarding drug administration, both indicating satisfactory understanding but with variability across departments. Novelty: This study provides specific data on nurses' knowledge in Basra hospitals, a region that has not been extensively studied in the context of medication management errors. Implications: These findings suggest that while nurses possess adequate knowledge of drug preparation and administration, continued education and training, especially for less experienced nurses, may further enhance patient safety. The study highlights the need for targeted interventions in Basra to address gaps in clinical practice and reduce medication errors.

Highlights:

Medication errors directly affect patient outcomes and treatment effectiveness.
Nurses’ knowledge varies by experience and department in Basra hospitals.
Continuous training improves medication safety and patient care quality.

Keywords: Nursing knowledge, medication errors, drug preparation, drug administration, Basra hospitals.

Rising Cases of Hb H Disease in Iraq Highlight the Urgent Need for Pre-Pregnancy Screening

Afak Rasheed Salman Zaidi — Wed, 11 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

General background: Hemoglobin H (Hb H) disease results from mutations in three of the four α-globin genes, leading to α-thalassemia. Specific background: In Iraq, this condition is rare among alpha-thalassemia cases. The disease presents significant hematological abnormalities, impacting quality of life. Knowledge gap: Despite its rarity, few studies have characterized the hematopathological features and prevalence of Hb H disease in specific Iraqi regions. Aims: This study aimed to assess the hematological parameters and prevalence of Hb H disease among patients in Diyala province, Iraq. Results: A total of 81 patients with Hb H disease (53.18% male, 46.91% female) were registered at the Baqubah Teaching Hospital in 2023. Median patient age was 21.8 years (range 4-48). Hematological analysis revealed consistently low levels of hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (HCT) compared to standard values. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) was also significantly reduced, with 58.02% of patients presenting Hb levels below 10 g/dL. The 21-40 age group had the highest incidence (46.91%). Novelty: This study is among the few to investigate Hb H disease prevalence and hematopathological characteristics in Diyala province, revealing an unexpectedly high incidence in the 21-40 age group. Implications: These findings suggest that hematological parameters, including MCV and Hb levels, should be considered in thalassemia screening programs, particularly in pre-pregnancy assessments, to prevent the birth of children with severe forms of alpha-thalassemia and reduce Hb H disease prevalence.

Highlights:

Hb H disease shows low hemoglobin and MCV abnormalities.
Highest incidence occurs in patients aged 21-40 years.
Pre-pregnancy screening reduces severe alpha-thalassemia risk.

Keywords: Hb H disease, alpha-thalassemia, hematological parameters, Diyala province, prevalence

Environmental and Health Impacts Resulting From Burning Solid Waste Near Residential Areas in Diyala Governorate, Iraq

Abdulwahab Abdulrazaq Jbara — Fri, 13 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

General Background: Rapid development, population growth, and improper disposal of municipal solid waste are prevalent issues in developing countries, leading to significant environmental and health challenges. Specific Background: In Iraq’s Diyala Governorate, the absence of integrated waste management exacerbates pollution through waste burning and heavy metal contamination, posing risks to nearby residential areas. Knowledge Gap: While previous studies have addressed waste management in developing countries, there is limited research on how local waste disposal practices impact air, soil, and water quality in specific areas of Diyala. Aims: This study evaluates the air quality and levels of heavy metals in soil and water near five landfill sites in Diyala Governorate: Kanaan, Al-Khalis, Baladruz, Khanaqin, and Hamrin, aiming to assess the pollution levels and the potential health risks to nearby communities. Results: The findings reveal significant differences across the sites, with the highest pollutant concentrations in Kanaan for air (40±445.8), soil (22.18±35.64), and water (3.037±3.146), while Hamrin recorded the lowest concentrations. All sites demonstrated statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). Novelty: This study provides the first comprehensive analysis of the environmental impact of waste disposal practices in Diyala, linking pollutant concentrations with specific landfill sites. Implications: The results underscore the need for improved waste management strategies, including monitoring, waste sorting, and recycling initiatives, to mitigate the negative effects on public health and the environment, particularly in areas near waste dumps.

Highlights:

Pollution levels vary significantly across Diyala's landfill sites.
Kanaan site has the highest air, soil, and water contamination.
Better waste management is needed to reduce environmental and health risks.

Keywords: Municipal waste, environmental pollution, heavy metals, Diyala Governorate, landfill impact

A Review of Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS)

Eftikhaar Hasan Kadhum — Sun, 29 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease of the hair follicle, affecting intertriginous areas such as the axillae, perianal, and inguinal regions. It is more prevalent in females, with peak onset between ages 18 and 29. Specific Background: HS, characterized by nodules, abscesses, and sinus tract scarring, uses the Hurley staging system for disease severity classification, but its limitations exist due to its static clinical features. Knowledge Gap: Although several treatment modalities exist, ranging from antibiotics to surgery, there is no definitive therapy, and the pathogenesis remains poorly understood, complicating early diagnosis and management. Moreover, international diagnostic delays of 8-12 years further hinder patient outcomes. Aims: This study aims to explore the limitations of current classification and treatment approaches, while emphasizing the importance of prevention strategies and timely diagnosis to mitigate HS severity. Results: The Hurley classification, though widely used, fails to account for disease progression or quality of life. Current treatment options depend on disease severity, including topical and systemic antibiotics, hormonal therapies, biologics, and surgical interventions. Prevention strategies, such as laser hair removal and lifestyle modifications (e.g., smoking cessation, weight management), are essential to reducing disease impact. Novelty: This research highlights the under-explored role of early prevention and lifestyle interventions in managing HS and reducing progression through Hurley stages. Implications: Enhanced diagnostic tools, combined with early intervention strategies and a holistic approach to patient care, are necessary to improve clinical outcomes, reduce diagnostic delays, and minimize HS-related morbidity. Further research is needed to better understand the genetic and environmental factors contributing to HS pathogenesis.

Highlights:

HS peaks in females aged 18-29 with chronic skin inflammation.
8-12 years diagnostic delay worsens disease severity and treatment.
Prevention: laser hair removal, lifestyle changes reduce HS progression.

Keywords: Hidradenitis suppurativa, Hurley staging, inflammatory skin disease, prevention, diagnostic delays

Moderate Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Vitiligo Among University Students in Iraq

Kadhim Jawad Awad — Wed, 09 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Vitiligo is a depigmenting skin condition characterized by the selective loss of melanocytes, leading to amelanotic, nonscaly, chalky-white macules with distinct borders. Despite its prevalence, public knowledge and attitudes toward vitiligo remain under-researched, particularly in educational settings. Knowledge Gap: There is limited research assessing the understanding and attitudes of university students toward vitiligo, particularly in Middle Eastern regions. Aims: This study aims to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of students at Basrah University’s Bab Al-Zubair complex regarding vitiligo, using a cross-sectional descriptive design. Methodology: A random sample of 300 male and female students participated, responding to a closed-ended questionnaire created from a review of relevant literature. The survey, administered in Arabic, consisted of three parts: sociodemographic characteristics, 16 questions on knowledge, and 7 questions on attitudes toward vitiligo. A three-point Likert scale was used to evaluate responses. Results: The majority of participants demonstrated moderate knowledge of vitiligo, with similar findings in their attitudes, as assessed using an arithmetic mean. Expert validation of the questionnaire ensured the clarity and relevance of its content. Novelty: This study provides the first comprehensive evaluation of university students’ knowledge and attitudes toward vitiligo in Basrah, filling a significant gap in dermatological health education research in the region. Implications: Raising public awareness about vitiligo is crucial to improving the psychological well-being, social integration, and self-esteem of those affected by the condition. These findings highlight the need for educational interventions that can foster better understanding and reduce stigma surrounding vitiligo, particularly in academic settings.

Highlights:

Students showed moderate knowledge and attitudes toward vitiligo.
Validated questionnaire assessed understanding and perceptions.
Awareness crucial for social and psychological support of vitiligo sufferers.

Keywords: Vitiligo, Knowledge, Attitudes, University Students, Public Awareness

Bridging the Knowledge Gap on Iron Deficiency Anemia Among Nursing Students

Zahraa Mahmoud Hussain Al-Hejaj — Wed, 09 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a prevalent nutritional disorder characterized by a significant reduction in the body’s iron stores, affecting oxygen transport and leading to various health complications. Specific Background: The understanding of IDA among nursing students is underdeveloped, especially regarding the differences between morning and evening study cohorts. Knowledge Gap: Understanding nursing students' knowledge of IDA is critical for enhancing educational strategies and improving patient care, yet limited studies have assessed this demographic's awareness of the condition and its management. Aims: This study aims to evaluate nursing students' knowledge about IDA and to compare the levels of knowledge between morning and evening students at the College of Nursing, University of Basrah, over a six-month period from November 2023 to March 2024. Results: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted involving 145 students (72 morning and 73 evening) who completed a questionnaire. Results indicated that 40.2% of morning students and 53.4% of evening students suffered from iron deficiency. While 86.1% of morning students had prior knowledge of IDA compared to 67.1% of evening students, the mean knowledge levels were deemed good for both groups, with no significant statistical difference between them. Novelty: This research contributes to the existing literature by highlighting knowledge levels of IDA among nursing students in Iraq, revealing that both morning and evening cohorts possess substantial understanding yet exhibit slight discrepancies. Implications: The findings underscore the necessity for targeted educational interventions to bridge the knowledge gap regarding IDA, ultimately enhancing nursing students' competencies in managing this condition in clinical settings.

Highlights:

IDA Prevalence: 40.2% morning students and 53.4% evening students affected.
Knowledge Difference: 86.1% morning vs. 67.1% evening students aware of IDA.
Educational Need: Targeted interventions required for improved IDA management in nursing education.

Keywords: Iron deficiency anemia, nursing students, knowledge assessment, educational interventions, Iraq

Understanding Burn Management For Nursing Students

Afkar Fadhial Kareem — Thu, 10 Oct 2024 02:51:18 +0000

Background: Managing burn injuries, particularly in mass-burn scenarios, requires immediate first aid and early care, which are critical for improving outcomes. The quality of burn treatment is highly dependent on the knowledge and practical skills of nursing students, particularly those assigned to burn units. Knowledge Gap: Despite the critical nature of burn care, limited research has been conducted on the level of knowledge nursing students possess in this area, especially in regions like Basra, Iraq. Aims: This study aimed to assess the knowledge of burn management among nursing students at Basrah University, identifying gaps and correlations with sociodemographic factors. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 nursing students at Basrah College of Nursing. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire divided into two sections: (1) sociodemographic information, and (2) burn management knowledge, assessed through a standardized 3-point Likert scale. Results: The majority of respondents (78% female, 22% male) were aged 19-28 years. The results revealed that students demonstrated a good level of knowledge regarding burn management. Furthermore, there was a highly significant correlation between the academic stage of the students and their test scores, suggesting that academic progression improves burn management understanding. Novelty: This study provides one of the first comprehensive assessments of burn care knowledge among nursing students in southern Iraq, highlighting the critical role of academic progression in enhancing practical burn care skills. Implications: The study suggests that incorporating practical burn care training into nursing education can significantly improve clinical outcomes in mass-burn scenarios.

Highlights:

Knowledge of burn care improves with academic progression among nursing students.
Majority of participants were female, aged 19-28 years.
Enhanced burn care training is essential in nursing education curricula.

Keywords: Burn management, Nursing students, Knowledge assessment, Basrah University, Cross-sectional study

Immunological Changes and Complement Proteins in Major Thalassemia Patients Proteins Post-Splenectomy

Eman A. Mizher — Thu, 17 Oct 2024 02:43:48 +0000

Background: Thalassemia is one of the most prevalent genetic disorders worldwide, with infections being a leading cause of mortality due to compromised immune function. Specific Background: Prior studies suggest that major thalassemia patients are highly susceptible to microbial infections, possibly due to altered immunological profiles, particularly immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM) and complement (C3, C4) levels. Knowledge Gap: However, the specific immunological changes pre- and post-splenectomy in these patients remain underexplored. Aims: This study aims to assess the levels of immunoglobulins (IgG and IgM) and complement proteins (C3 and C4) in major thalassemia patients both before and after splenectomy compared to healthy controls. Results: Our analysis of 50 thalassemia patients (34 males, 16 females) and 30 healthy individuals revealed that thalassemia patients exhibited significantly lower levels of C3 and C4 (88.52±24.49, 21.20±6.66) compared to healthy controls (123.50±19.04, 32.87±9.77). IgG and IgM were elevated in patients (1288.12±467.87, 153.46±51.29) compared to controls (1129.93±295.96, 148.67±50.17). Post-splenectomy, patients showed a significant decline in IgG (1001.56±154.14) and IgM (110.08±25.83) levels, along with further decreases in C3 (83.28±24.13) and C4 (17.48±4.86). Novelty: This study provides novel evidence of the immunological shifts in thalassemia patients post-splenectomy, demonstrating significant reductions in both immunoglobulins and complement proteins, thereby elevating the risk of infection. Implications: These findings highlight the spleen's crucial role in maintaining immune competence and suggest that splenectomy in thalassemia patients requires careful post-operative immune monitoring to mitigate infection risks.

Highlights:

Splenectomy lowers IgG, IgM, C3, and C4 levels in thalassemia patients.
Post-splenectomy patients face higher infection risk due to immune weakening.
Highlights spleen's crucial role in immune defense for thalassemia patients.

Keywords: Thalassemia, Splenectomy, Immunoglobulins, Complement Proteins, Immune Competence

Evaluation of Some Hematological Parameters for Patients Infected with Entamoeba Histolytica in Najaf Governorate

Ibtesam Mohsen Al-Azawe, Hawraa Mohammed Al-ali, Rabab Ali Al-Mosawi — Mon, 21 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

General background: Amoebic dysentery caused by Entamoeba histolytica is a significant public health concern, particularly in regions with poor sanitation. It can lead to various complications, including changes in blood parameters. Specific background: Identifying changes in blood indicators during amoebic infections can aid early diagnosis and improve patient outcomes. Knowledge gap: There is limited research exploring gender-based differences in blood parameters of patients with amoebiasis. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of E. histolytica infection on specific blood parameters in male and female patients and to assess gender-based variations in these parameters. Results: A total of 45 patients (20 males, 25 females) diagnosed with amoebiasis were included, with samples collected between May 2023 and January 2024. Significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) were observed between male and female patients in RBC, HB, HCT, and MCH, while no significant differences were noted for MCV, MCHC, RDW, PLT, WBC, or LYM. Male patients showed higher mean values of RBC (5.01 ± 0.65) and HB (14.6 ± 1.61) compared to females (RBC: 4.5 ± 0.54; HB: 12.28 ± 1.24). Novelty: This study highlights gender-specific alterations in blood parameters during amoebiasis, providing new insights into how gender affects physiological responses to E. histolytica infection. Implications: Regular monitoring of blood parameters, particularly RBC and HB, in patients with amoebiasis is crucial for early diagnosis and treatment. The findings also underscore the importance of gender considerations in clinical management and suggest the need for larger studies to confirm these results and explore their diagnostic and therapeutic implications.

Highlights:

Gender impacts blood parameters in amoebiasis patients.
Males show higher RBC and HB than females.
Regular monitoring aids early E. histolytica diagnosis.

Keywords: Amoebic dysentery, Entamoeba histolytica, blood parameters, gender differences, early diagnosis

Laparoscopic Assessment and Occurrence of Endometriosis in Women Experiencing Infertility: A Forward-Looking Study

Maysoon Sami Khraibet , Nadia Ridha Atiyah , Tuorkia Sheerza Aziez — Thu, 31 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Endometriosis is characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus There are no definitive signs or symptoms associated with endometriosis, and its presentation can be different based on the affected areas. It is a prevalent cause of various degree of infertility among younger women. The management approach of endometriosis may involve both medical and surgical therapy. Laparoscopic procedures have shown promising results in enhancing fertility prospects for young women suffering from endometriosis. Methods: This study included women diagnosed with endometriosis after experiencing infertility. A comprehensive history was taken, focusing on symptom duration, any additional co-morbidities, and the length of infertility. All patients underwent diagnostic laparoscopy. Based on the site and severity of the endometriosis, procedures such as adhesiolysis, excision, and ablation of endometrial lesions were performed. Patients were monitored, and instances of successful pregnancies (both spontaneous and those resulting from assisted reproductive techniques) were documented. Results: Among the 100 cases studied, endometriosis was identified in 12 patients (11.5%). The most frequently affected age group was 26-30 years (47.83%). A total of 9 patients (78.26%) had primary infertility, while the remaining 5 patients (21.74%) experienced secondary infertility. The ovaries were the most commonly affected site, involved in all cases. Surgical interventions performed included cystectomy (30.43%), endometrioma drainage and fulguration (13.04%), and adhesiolysis (34.78%). Of the 9 patients who achieved successful ovulation following laparoscopic surgery, 6 (66.66%) went on to complete their pregnancies successfully. Conclusions: Laparoscopic procedures for infertility provide both diagnostic and therapeutic benefits and yield favorable outcomes concerning successful pregnancies.

Highlights:

Endometriosis impacts fertility: Laparoscopy is crucial for diagnosis and treatment.
Surgical interventions: Enhance fertility by addressing endometrial lesions.
Study focus: Infertile women, ages 18-40, with laparoscopy-confirmed endometriosis.

Keywords: Endometriosis, Infertility, Laparoscopy, Reproductive Health, Surgical Intervention

Nursing Students' Knowledge Regarding Epilepsy: A Cross-Sectional Study

Tadamoun Sabah Yunus — Mon, 18 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: neurological disorders that impact millions of people globally. Epilepsy, which affects people of all ages and backgrounds, is characterized by frequent, spontaneous seizures. Objectives: This study aims to assess the knowledge of epilepsy among nursing students. And to determine the relationship between nursing student knowledge and socio-demographic features (age, gender, type of study, stage, address, and marital status). Methodology: 150 participants from the University of Basrah's College of Nursing participated in a descriptive cross-sectional study that included morning and evening studies as well as second, third, and fourth stage students. The research began on November 24, 2023, and ended on March 22, 2024. Data was gathered via a questionnaire with closed-ended questions. A panel of nine experts evaluated the instrument (questionnaire) to establish its content validity, and Cronbach's Alpha was used to gauge the questionnaire's reliability. SPSS version 26 was used for the analysis, and the data was presented using the Chi-Square test, frequency, percentage, mean score, and standard deviation. Results: This study showed that (82%) of nursing students had good knowledge regarding epilepsy, (18%) of them had poor knowledge. Students had poor knowledge of life modification for epilepsy (56%). Students had poor knowledge of the definition of status epilepticus (58.67%) female students had better knowledge than male students in which (76%) of them had good knowledge while males had (24%) good knowledge. Conclusion: The current study found that nursing students know epilepsy well

Highlights:

Analyzed cash flow statements and capital investment reflections.
Developed recommendations for reporting capital investments.
Examined international practices on long-term asset reporting.

Keywords: Nursing Students, Knowledge, Epilepsy

Burn Management by Nursing Students at Basrah University-Iraq

Firas A. Jassim — Mon, 18 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: In the process of managing burns, especially mass-burn injuries, first aid, and proper initial care are regarded as crucial measures. Improving the standard of burn treatment is largely dependent on the expertise and practical abilities of nursing students working in burn departments.Methodology: 150 students, both male and female, participated in a descriptive cross-sectional study design at Basrah University's College of Nursing to assess their burn management expertise. Data was gathered via a questionnaire with closed-ended questions. The survey is divided into two sections. The first section includes five questions on the students' sociodemographic traits, such as their age, gender, study type, graduation stage, and place of residence. Twenty questions in the second section of the survey ask about students' understanding of burn management. The study employed a standardized 3-point Likert scale with the options YES, NO, and I DON'T KNOW. 150 students were given the completed questionnaire form, which they read and completed. The researchers then collected the completed form. Results: Most of the sample were in the age interval 19-28,22% of the sample were males and 78% were females. The students had good knowledge about burn management. There are highly significant associations between the academic stage and the scores students got. Conclusions: Most of the samples were in the age interval 19-28 years. The students had good knowledge about burn management. There was a highly significant association between the academic stage and the scores the students got. Recommendations: Expand the burn course to enhance students’ knowledge and Introduce a simulation lab about burn management as part of the skill lab. In the College.

Highlights:

Knowledge of burn management linked to academic stage progress.
Most participants were female and aged 19-28 years.
Enhance skills with expanded courses.

Keywords: Burn management, nursing students, descriptive study, knowledge assessment, Basrah University

Female Infertility: Exploring Biological Causes and Advanced Therapeutic Approaches

Noor Salman Dalis — Mon, 18 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Female infertility is a complex subject with numerous medical factors that are potentially devastating to a woman’s fertility. It is caused by conditions such as hormonal imbalances, structural anomalies and genetic susceptibility. In the present review, focus will be made on the understanding of the biological factors of female infertility and presentation of recent developments in medical management, medical treatments, assisted reproductive technology and molecular and developmental biology. Thus, the goal of this paper is to improve knowledge and practice considerations regarding female infertility by presenting a broad perspective.

Highlights:

Causes: Hormonal, structural, genetic factors affect fertility.
Advances: Medical treatments, assisted reproduction, molecular biology progress.
Goal: Enhance knowledge and practices on female infertility management.

Keywords: Infertility in women, Women’s reproductive system, Endocrine disorders, IVF treatment, Gene therapy

Emotion, Conformity, Aggression: Insights from Vocational High School Dynamics

Muhammad Anwar Idris Al Mahsuny, Dwi Nastiti — Thu, 04 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This quantitative correlational research investigates the impact of emotion regulation and peer conformity, both individually and concurrently, on aggressive behavior among students at Krembung Islamic Vocational High School. Utilizing a sample of 210 students from a population of 463, the study employed the emotion regulation scale, peer conformity scale, and aggression behavior scale. Multiple regression analysis with SPSS Ver.21 revealed significant results. Emotional regulation demonstrated a negative influence on aggressive behavior, while peer conformity exhibited a positive effect. Moreover, the combined impact of emotional regulation and peer conformity on aggressive behavior was established, with an overall influence of 20.7%. These findings contribute to the understanding of factors influencing aggressive behavior in the context of vocational high school students, emphasizing the importance of emotional regulation and peer dynamics.

Highlights :

Impact of Emotional Regulation and Peer Conformity: The study explores the individual and combined effects of emotion regulation and peer conformity on aggressive behavior among vocational high school students.
Quantitative Correlational Research: Utilizing multiple regression analysis, the research employs a quantitative approach to understand the relationships between emotion regulation, peer conformity, and aggressive behavior.
Practical Implications for Education: The findings provide insights for educational institutions in addressing and managing aggressive behavior by considering the roles of emotion regulation and peer conformity among students.

Keywords: emotion regulation, peer conformity, aggressive behavior, vocational high school, quantitative correlational.

The Student’s Psychological Stress During Covid-19

Qabila Ibrahim Hasan — Wed, 19 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigates psychological stress among middle school students in Baquba district during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on potential gender-based differences. Despite established evidence of heightened stress levels during pandemics, few studies have explored these impacts on school-aged children and potential variances between genders. Utilizing a balanced sample of 100 students (50 male and 50 female) from four schools, this research employed a psychological stress scale with confirmed psychometric properties, including a stability coefficient of 0.80. Statistical analysis revealed significant stress levels among the students, yet no gender differences were identified at the 0.05 significance level. These findings suggest that interventions aimed at reducing student stress during pandemics need not differentiate between male and female students but should instead focus on strategies that address the broader student population.

Highlights:

Significant psychological stress exists among middle school students during COVID-19.
No statistical difference in stress levels between male and female students.
Stress reduction interventions should target all students, regardless of gender.

Keywords: Psychological Stress, COVID-19, Gender Differences, Middle School, Stress Interventions

Unmasking Orphan Students' Deep Psychological Defeat

Batoul Jassim Faisal , a. Dr. Sana Abdel Zahra Al-Jamaan — Tue, 06 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000

General Background: Psychological defeat significantly impacts individuals' emotional well-being, particularly in vulnerable populations such as orphan students. Existing research often overlooks the nuanced experiences of orphans in secondary education. Specific Background: Orphanhood, encompassing the loss of one or both parents, creates unique psychological challenges that can affect students' emotional and academic performance. This study addresses the gap in understanding how these challenges manifest among orphan students in secondary schools. Knowledge Gap: Despite acknowledging the emotional difficulties faced by orphans, limited research has specifically explored psychological defeat among this group, particularly concerning the impact of parental loss and gender differences. Aims: This research aims to identify and measure the degree of psychological defeat among orphan students in secondary schools in Basra Governorate. The study also seeks to determine if psychological defeat varies by the type of parental loss and gender. Results: The study found that orphan students experience a high level of psychological defeat, with no significant gender differences observed. However, significant variations in psychological defeat were identified based on the type of parental loss (father, mother, or both). Novelty: This research introduces a newly developed scale for measuring psychological defeat tailored to the context of orphan students, filling a critical gap in existing literature. Implications: The findings underscore the need for targeted psychological support and interventions for orphan students, considering the type of parental loss. Recommendations include developing tailored counseling programs and support mechanisms to address the specific needs of these students and mitigate their psychological defeat.

Highlights:

High psychological defeat in orphan students, regardless of gender.
Variations by parental loss type, significant differences found.
New scale developed for measuring psychological defeat in orphans.

Keywords: Psychological defeat, orphan students, secondary education, parental loss, emotional well-being

Gender and Specialty Influence on Narcissism in University Students

Fatima Kazem Owaid , Assistant Professor Hanaa Sadiq Al-Badran — Tue, 06 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Narcissistic personality traits have garnered increasing attention in psychological research, particularly within academic environments where student behavior and performance are critical. Understanding these traits and their influencing factors is essential for improving student well-being and academic outcomes. Specific Background: The impact of gender and field of study on narcissistic traits among university students remains underexplored. Kernberg's (1970) theoretical framework provides a basis for investigating these traits through empirical measures. Knowledge Gap: While previous studies have examined narcissism broadly, there is limited research focusing specifically on how gender and academic specialization affect narcissistic traits among university students. Aims: This study aimed to identify narcissistic personality traits among university students and examine variations based on gender and field of study using a newly developed Narcissistic Personality Scale. Results: The research, involving 376 students from the University of Basra, utilized a 35-item scale validated through rigorous psychometric testing. The results indicated that the average narcissism score was significantly higher than the hypothesized mean. Male students exhibited higher levels of narcissism compared to female students, and humanities students scored higher than their scientific counterparts. Novelty: This study provides new insights into the prevalence and variance of narcissistic traits among university students, highlighting significant differences related to gender and academic specialization. Implications: The findings underscore the need for university programs to address narcissistic traits and their impact on student behavior and academic performance. Future research should investigate the longitudinal effects of narcissism and evaluate interventions aimed at reducing these traits.

Highlights:

Gender differences: males show higher narcissism.
Humanities students exhibit more narcissistic traits.
Calls for targeted university interventions.

Keywords: narcissistic personality, university students, gender differences, academic specialization, psychometric scale

Self-efficacy as a Predictor of Self-Management Capacity in Cancer Patients

Zahraa Abbass — Wed, 16 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Self-efficacy, a fundamental concept in psychology, reflects an individual’s confidence in their ability to accomplish specific tasks and achieve goals. It significantly influences cancer patients' coping mechanisms, treatment adherence, psychological distress management, and overall well-being. Specific Background: While existing literature highlights various aspects of self-efficacy among cancer patients, few studies comprehensively address the relationship between self-efficacy and socio-demographic variables. Knowledge Gap: There remains a paucity of research examining the interaction between self-efficacy and demographic characteristics such as age, gender, and educational attainment among cancer patients. Aims: This study aims to assess the level of self-efficacy in cancer patients and explore its correlation with socio-demographic characteristics. Results: A cross-sectional descriptive design was employed with a purposive sample of 107 cancer patients. The findings revealed that 83% of participants exhibited a high level of self-efficacy, while only 6.50% demonstrated low self-efficacy. A statistically significant association was identified between age and self-efficacy levels (P-value = 0.000). Novelty: This research is among the first to highlight the influence of age and chronic illness on self-efficacy in cancer patients while showing no significant relationships with gender, education, or social status. Implications: The study underscores the importance of promoting self-efficacy in cancer care, particularly through targeted interventions that consider age and chronic disease status. Enhancing self-efficacy can improve treatment adherence and psychological adjustment, thereby positively impacting the overall health outcomes of cancer patients.

Highlights:

83% of cancer patients had high self-efficacy levels.
Age significantly correlates with self-efficacy (P-value = 0.000).
Self-efficacy unaffected by gender, education, or social status.

Keywords: self-efficacy, cancer patients, socio-demographic characteristics, treatment adherence, psychological well-being

Circulating Microrna-146a as A Biomarker Related To Inflammation in Thalasemia Patients

Heba Hani Hamzah, Nawal Khinteel Jabbar — Wed, 11 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This study delves into the intricate realm of microRNAs (miRNAs), non-coding RNA molecules that wield significant influence in the pathogenesis of various disorders. With the advent of advanced technologies, accurate quantification of miRNA abundance across diverse tissues is now attainable. Notably, extracellular circulating microparticles have emerged as robust, stable indicators for blood-based disease diagnostics. This investigation explores the dynamic interplay between circulating microparticles and clinical phenotypes, offering valuable insights into disease intricacies. The research narrows its focus to recent developments in employing circulating microparticles as biomarkers for prevalent inflammatory disorders, including infections endemic to thalassemia patients in the city of Diwaniyah, Iraq. Current findings paint a promising future for the utilization of circulating microparticles in the management of inflammatory diseases. In conclusion, this comprehensive exploration of miRNA's regulatory role in globin gene expression has the potential to revolutionize the landscape of thalassemia, ameliorating clinical manifestations and symptoms of this debilitating hemoglobinopathy. The identification of miRNAs implicated in the disease's pathophysiology not only paves the way for novel diagnostic markers but also opens new horizons for therapeutic interventions.

Highlights :

MiRNA Significance: MicroRNAs play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of various disorders, offering potential insights into disease mechanisms.
Circulating Microparticles: Extracellular circulating microparticles are stable blood-based indicators, holding promise for disease diagnostics and management, especially in the context of inflammatory disorders.
Thalassemia Insights: This study highlights the potential impact of miRNAs on globin gene expression, offering new avenues for the diagnosis and treatment of thalassemia, a debilitating hemoglobinopathy.

Keywords : MicroRNAs (miRNAs), Circulating Microparticles, Thalassemia, Inflammatory Disorders, Disease Diagnostics

Novel Synthesis of Thiopyrimidine Compounds from Dibenzo-18-Crown-6 and Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity

Zena Abdali , Raheem Jameel Mahesein — Wed, 11 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000

In this study, we present a novel synthesis approach for the production of thiopyrimidine compounds, including P-OH-Thiopyrimidine, P-NO2-Thiopyrimidine, and P-Cl2-Thiopyrimidine, from the precursor compound dibenzo-18-crown-6 (DB-18-CE-6). These thiopyrimidine compounds have shown significant potential for various applications, particularly as antibacterial agents. The synthesis involved the reaction of DB-18-CE-6-derived alpha-beta unsaturated ketones with thiourea in a basic medium, resulting in successful cyclization. The synthesized thiopyrimidine compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against common bacterial strains, including Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Proteus, and compared to the antibiotic Azithromycin. The results demonstrated that the thiopyrimidine compounds (Z, Z1, Z2, Z3) exhibited excellent antibacterial activity, surpassing Azithromycin, and highlighting their potential as effective alternatives to combat bacterial infections. This research opens new avenues for the development of antibacterial agents and emphasizes the significance of thiopyrimidine compounds in addressing bacterial resistance issues.

Highlights :

Novel synthesis of thiopyrimidine compounds from DB-18-CE-6.
Evaluation of antibacterial activity against Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Proteus.
Potential of thiopyrimidine compounds as effective antibacterial agents.

Keywords : Thiopyrimidine compounds, Antibacterial activity, DB-18-CE-6, Novel synthesis, Bacterial resistance.

EAS Cherenkov LDF Analysis: CORSIKA Simulations for Tunka-133 and Chacaltaya Arrays

Kadhom F. Fadhel, A. A. Al-Rubaiee — Thu, 28 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This study leverages CORSIKA simulations to analyze the Lateral Distribution Function (LDF) of Cherenkov photons in Extensive Air Showers (EAS) within the knee region of the cosmic ray energy spectrum (10^15 - 10^16 eV). Focusing on primary particles like helium, proton, oxygen, and iron nuclei at varying zenith angles (0˚, 20˚, and 45˚), we aimed to reconstruct Cherenkov photons' LDF using an Exponential Function model, tailored as a function of primary energy. Our approach involved a comparative analysis of simulated LDFs with experimental data from the Tunka-133 and Chacaltaya arrays. The results exhibit a high degree of concordance between simulated and observed data, affirming the validity of our method. We developed a set of approximation functions for different primary particles and zenith angles, enhancing our ability to identify the particle type in EAS events and accurately determine its energy. The primary contribution of our work lies in its potential to rapidly compile a comprehensive LDF pattern library, instrumental for analyzing real EAS array events and reconstructing the mass composition and primary cosmic ray energy spectrum. This advancement in CORSIKA-based simulation methods marks a significant stride in cosmic ray research, offering a robust tool for detailed EAS analysis.

Highlights :

Validation of Simulation Accuracy: Demonstrated high concordance between CORSIKA simulated LDFs and experimental data from Tunka-133 and Chacaltaya arrays.
Enhanced Particle Identification: Development of approximation functions for various primary particles and zenith angles, improving accuracy in identifying particle types in EAS events.
Advancement in Cosmic Ray Research: Potential to create a comprehensive LDF pattern library, significantly aiding in the reconstruction of mass composition and primary cosmic ray energy spectrum.

Keywords : CORSIKA Simulations, Cherenkov LDF, EAS Analysis, Cosmic Ray Spectrum, Particle Identification

Application of Science Explore Books on Earth and Solar System Materials to Improve Understanding of Science Concepts for Grade VII Students

Roudhlotul Karomah, Ria Wulandari — Sat, 30 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Understanding concepts is a very important aspect in learning, especially in science learning where there are many complex concepts and theories so good understanding is needed. The role of educators, methods and teaching materials will be maximized to provide students with a good understanding of concepts. This research aims to determine the increase in students' understanding of science concepts before and after the application of the Science Exploration Book on Earth and Solar System material in class VII by taking samples using a purposive sampling technique. Data collection in this research was in the form of pretest and posttest and analyzed using N-Gain to determine the increase in understanding of concepts that occurred. Based on the research results, there is an increase in the form of differences in the average results of students' pretest and posttest, so it can be concluded that the application of the Science Exploration Book can improve students' understanding of science concepts in Class VII on Earth and Solar System material with a low N-Gain Score category.

Highlights:

Key role of educators, methods, and materials in science concept understanding.
Science Exploration Book enhances Class VII students' grasp of Earth and Solar System concepts.
Research shows improvement with a low N-Gain Score category.

Keywords: Concept Understanding, Science Exploration Book, N-Gain, Earth, Solar System.

The Effect of Guided Inquiry Learning Model on Student’s Scientific Communication Skills in SMPN 1 Gempol

Firdausia Amanda Ari Octaviani, Ria Wulandari — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

One of the important skills to develop is scientific communication skills, communication is very important in everyday life. This research aims to determine the effect of the guided inquiry learning model on the scientific communication skills of class VII students at SMPN 1 Gempol, Pasuruan Regency. This research is a quasi-experiment conducted with a posttest-only design. The research sample was class VII D students as the experimental class and class VII C students as the control class with each class having 32 students. In this study, environmental pollution material was used in the experimental class, which was treated using the guided inquiry learning model, while the control class used the learning model commonly used by teachers at the school. The results of the research show that there are significant differences in value and influence in the guided inquiry learning model on written and oral scientific communication skills.

Highlights:

Guided Inquiry Impact: Examines effect on scientific communication skills.
Quasi-Experiment Framework: Utilizes posttest-only design for structured assessment.
Written and Oral Proficiency: Highlights impact on both communication modes.

Keywords: Guided Inquiry, Written Communication Skills, Oral Communication Skills

Synthesis and Characterization Studies of Pure and Co Doped ZnO Nano Thin Films

Kareema Hameed Mahdi, Najat A. Dahham — Tue, 23 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

General Background: Thin-film technology is pivotal in advancing modern optoelectronic devices due to its ability to tailor material properties at the nanoscale. Specific Background: Zinc oxide (ZnO) and cobalt oxide (CoO) are prominent materials in this field, with doping techniques such as cobalt incorporation offering potential enhancements in film properties. Knowledge Gap: The impact of cobalt doping on the structural and optical properties of ZnO thin films remains inadequately explored, particularly concerning varying doping concentrations. Aims: Aims to elucidate the effects of cobalt doping on ZnO thin films' structural and optical characteristics, with concentrations of Zn0.6Co0.4O and Zn0.8Co0.2O compared to pure ZnO and CoO films. Results: Thin films were prepared via spin coating on glass substrates at 3000 rpm for 30 seconds. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that pure ZnO films possess a hexagonal polycrystalline structure, whereas CoO films exhibit a cubic structure. Doping with cobalt resulted in a decrease in peak intensity at the (111) orientation and an increase in grain size. Optical measurements indicated enhanced transmittance and modified absorbance spectra with increased cobalt content, showing maximum absorbance at short wavelengths and diminished values in the visible region. Reflectivity increased with photon energy before decreasing at higher energies. Novelty: Cobalt doping significantly alters both structural and optical properties of ZnO films, with distinct changes in lattice constants, grain size, and optical behavior, suggesting a potential route for optimizing ZnO-based materials. Implications: Cobalt-doped ZnO films hold promise for improved performance in optoelectronic applications, such as solar cells and sensors, necessitating further research into diverse doping strategies to fully harness their technological potential.

Highlights:

Cobalt doping alters ZnO thin films' structural and optical properties.
Spin coating method used at 3000 rpm for 30 seconds.
Enhanced optical properties suitable for optoelectronic applications.

Keywords: Thin films, Zinc oxide, Cobalt doping, Optical properties, X-ray diffraction

Interpersonal Communication On The Quality Of Spousal Relationship Of Tb Ro Patients - Span Of Treatment Period

Istiqomah Istiqomah — Fri, 29 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Tuberculosis is an irresistible illness that can go after anybody. The focal point of this examination purposely took instances of TB RO, where TB cases have a longest term of around 2 years contrasted with normal TB with a treatment time of 6 or 9 months. Then, the scientist plans to figure out the relational correspondence among husband and spouse couples, what is the nature of relational correspondence in couples impacted by TB RO illness, on the grounds that the treatment period is long, the nature of the husband and wife relationship might be viewed as in a terrible condition or the other way around, so this examination centers around the quality, for example, receptiveness, compassion, strong demeanor, inspirational perspective and balance found in relational correspondence while as yet focusing on a humanistic viewpoint where the component of humanistic accentuation is a lot of thought about in this point of view.

Highlights :

Extended Treatment Impact: Investigates how the prolonged treatment duration of TB RO (up to 2 years) affects marital relationships, differing significantly from standard TB treatment timelines.
Communication Quality: Focuses on key aspects of communication quality in couples, including openness, empathy, supportive attitudes, positivity, and equanimity, amidst the challenges posed by TB RO.
Humanistic Approach: Emphasizes the importance of a humanistic perspective in understanding and addressing the psychological and emotional dimensions of coping with TB RO within marital dynamics.

Keywords : interpersonal communication, relationship quality, husband - wife, TB - RO