Academia Open

Determinants of Hotel Performance in Uzbekistan's Transitioning Economy

Kuvandikov Sardor — 2025-05-22

General Background: The hospitality sector plays a critical role in supporting economic development, particularly in emerging tourism destinations. Specific Background: Uzbekistan, undergoing structural and economic transformations, presents a unique case for evaluating the determinants of hotel performance in a transitioning economy. Knowledge Gap: Despite growing interest in tourism-driven growth, empirical analyses on how macroeconomic and infrastructural factors influence hotel performance in post-Soviet states remain limited. Aims: This study investigates the impact of foreign direct investment, international tourist arrivals, ICT infrastructure, skilled labour availability, and government support on hotel performance across Uzbekistan's 14 regions from 2015 to 2023. Results: Employing a balanced panel dataset, the analysis reveals that all key variables positively and significantly affect revenue per available room (RevPAR) and occupancy rate, with digital infrastructure and human capital exerting the strongest influence. Novelty: The study provides a regionally disaggregated, data-driven assessment of hotel performance drivers in a post-transition economy, bridging the gap between institutional development and tourism sector outcomes. Implications: The findings underscore the need for integrated policy frameworks that align technological advancement with human capital and institutional support to enhance competitiveness in the hospitality industry across similar transitional contexts.

Highlight:

Digital infrastructure and human capital are the strongest drivers of hotel success.
First empirical study using regional panel data in post-transition Uzbekistan.
Highlights need for synchronized policy and institutional support in tourism.

Keywords: Hotel Performance, Uzbekistan, ICT Infrastructure, Skilled Labour, Tourism Development

Green Accounting Practices in Opak Factory SMEs

Rahma Alia — 2025-06-17

General Background: Environmental sustainability has become an essential aspect of business operations, especially for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the food processing sector. Specific Background: The opak factory in Sidodadi Village, Indonesia, produces organic and inorganic waste, necessitating strategic environmental management. Knowledge Gap: While studies have shown benefits of green accounting, limited research explores its application and link to business sustainability within rural SMEs. Aims: This study aims to assess the implementation of green accounting and environmental performance in supporting business sustainability at the opak factory. Results: Using qualitative methods including interviews and field observations, findings reveal suboptimal integration of environmental costs into financial records and inadequate documentation of environmental initiatives. Although the factory engages in solid and liquid waste management—such as reusing cassava pulp as animal feed and building liquid waste tanks—these efforts are not systematically reported under green accounting frameworks. Novelty: The study offers empirical insight into green accounting within a rural food SME, highlighting distinct challenges and context-specific practices. Implications: Without structured financial tracking and better stakeholder awareness, potential long-term benefits such as increased competitiveness, regulatory compliance, and market access remain underutilized. Strengthening institutional understanding and environmental cost reporting is crucial for advancing sustainable business practices.

Highlights:

Environmental costs are not systematically recorded in financial reports.
Waste management practices exist but lack integration into sustainability reporting.
Green accounting remains underutilized due to limited awareness and resources.

Keywords: green accounting, environmental performance, business sustainability, SMEs, waste management

Social Media and Lifestyle Shape Student Purchasing Patterns

Erma Hotnijar Siregar — 2025-06-18

General Background: Rising access to information and digital platforms has transformed consumption habits among youth, particularly students. Specific Background: Overseas students often face unique financial and social adjustments, making them susceptible to excessive spending. Knowledge Gap: While prior studies have discussed general student consumption, few have focused on overseas students and the role of peer influence, lifestyle, and social media combined. Aims: This study investigates the relationship between social media use, peer relationships, and lifestyle with the consumptive behavior of overseas students at UIN Sumatera Utara. Results: Using a quantitative approach and data from 75 respondents, the findings show that social media and lifestyle are positively and significantly associated with consumptive behavior, while peer influence is not statistically significant. Novelty: This study contributes by centering on migrant students in a developing country context, highlighting that lifestyle choices and media exposure override peer pressure in shaping spending habits. Implications: These results suggest that interventions aiming to reduce excessive consumption among overseas students should prioritize media literacy and financial awareness over peer-group regulation.
Highlights:

1. Lifestyle is the strongest predictor of excessive student spending.

2. Peer influence does not significantly drive consumptive behavior.

3. Social media exposure correlates with increased purchase frequency.

Keywords: social media, lifestyle, student behavior, consumption, overseas students

Religiosity, Trust, and Literacy Drive Islamic Finance Adoption

Muhammad Iqbal Asyari Lubis — 2025-06-19

General Background: Despite Indonesia's Muslim-majority population, the market share of Islamic financial products remains low. Specific Background: Islamic financial literacy, trust in financial institutions, and personal religiosity have been identified as key determinants in financial decision-making, yet empirical studies show inconsistent findings. Knowledge Gap: Previous research has not adequately assessed these three factors simultaneously, particularly within a student population that receives Islamic education. Aims: This study aims to examine how religiosity, trust, and sharia financial literacy affect students’ interest in using Islamic financial products. Results: Based on a survey of 100 purposively sampled students at UIN North Sumatra, multiple linear regression analysis revealed that all three variables — religiosity (β = 0.345), trust (β = 0.445), and sharia financial literacy (β = 0.236) — have a positive and significant relationship with interest in using Islamic financial products, explaining 74.2% of the variance. Novelty: This study is one of the first to simultaneously analyze these predictors among students of an Islamic university, providing insights into the behavioral intentions of a strategically important demographic. Implications: The findings underscore the need for collaborative efforts between Islamic financial institutions and universities to foster literacy, trust, and religious alignment with financial behavior among youth.
Highlights:

Trust is the strongest predictor of product interest among students.
Sharia financial literacy significantly correlates with usage interest.
The model explains 74.2% of the variation in interest behavior.

Keywords: religiosity, trust, Islamic financial literacy, student behavior, Islamic banking

FOMO and Digital Loans Drive Impulsive Purchases Among Gen Z

Nurul Hidayah — 2025-06-22

General Background: The surge of digital consumption among Generation Z has redefined consumer behavior, particularly through platforms like TikTok Shop. Specific Background: In Indonesia, this generation actively engages in social commerce, driven by psychological and financial enablers. Knowledge Gap: While previous studies have explored hedonism, FOMO, and online loans separately, few have assessed their combined effects on impulsive buying in a specific metropolitan context. Aims: This study investigates the collective and individual roles of hedonism, FOMO, and online loans in driving impulsive buying among Gen Z in Medan City. Results: Using a quantitative survey with 100 respondents and multiple linear regression analysis, the findings indicate that FOMO and online loans significantly predict impulsive buying behavior, while hedonism does not show a significant effect. The combined model accounts for 50.3% of the variance in impulsive purchasing. Novelty: This study offers a localized empirical perspective integrating psychological and financial dimensions in a digital context, while introducing Islamic banking as a potential moderating discourse. Implications: The findings suggest a need for financial literacy programs and responsible lending policies targeting youth, while offering marketers insights into Gen Z’s primary consumption triggers.

Highlights:

FOMO and online loans are key drivers of impulsive buying in Gen Z Medan.
Hedonism has no significant predictive value for impulsive buying in this context.
Combined predictors explain over 50% of impulsive buying behavior variance.

Keywords: Gen Z, impulsive buying, FOMO, online loans, hedonism

Implementation of Zakat Core Principles in NU CARE LAZISNU Surabaya

Moh. Taufik Hidayah — 2025-06-23

General Background: Zakat, Infaq, and Sadaqah (ZIS) are foundational instruments in Islamic finance aimed at achieving social justice and reducing poverty. Specific Background: Despite Indonesia’s immense zakat potential, its realization and distribution remain suboptimal due to low public understanding and uneven governance. Knowledge Gap: Prior studies have not sufficiently analyzed how grassroots zakat institutions adopt the Zakat Core Principles (ZCP), particularly regarding transparency, efficiency, and empowerment. Aims: This study investigates the application of ZCP in the distribution of ZIS at NU CARE LAZISNU Simokerto, a local zakat management unit under Nahdlatul Ulama. Results: The findings reveal that NU CARE LAZISNU Simokerto successfully implements various ZCP aspects, including legal compliance, accountability, internal and external audits, financial transparency, professional amil training, and a dual strategy in ZIS distribution (consumptive and productive). Novelty: Unlike previous studies focusing on national institutions, this study provides an in-depth look at a grassroots-level zakat organization, highlighting its operational alignment with 18 ZCP indicators. Implications: The NU CARE LAZISNU Simokerto model illustrates how structured governance and community engagement can optimize zakat management and serve as a replicable framework for similar institutions, potentially transforming mustahik into muzakki through productive programs.

Highlights:

ZCP standards can be implemented effectively even at local branch levels.
Professionalism and audit mechanisms ensure targeted ZIS distribution.
Productive empowerment shifts mustahik toward economic self-reliance.

Keywords: Zakat Core Principles, zakat governance, LAZISNU, financial transparency, productive empowerment

Integrating The Indexation Method Into Uzbekistan’s Cadastral Valuation System

Ulugbek Tulakov — 2025-06-30

General Background: In modern tax systems, aligning cadastral values with real market conditions is essential for fair and accurate taxation. Specific Background: Uzbekistan’s current static cadastral valuation system lacks mechanisms to promptly reflect changes in market prices, leading to inefficiencies and tax inequities. Knowledge Gap: Despite modernization efforts, there is no established method for periodically updating cadastral values in response to economic fluctuations. Aims: This study aims to assess the feasibility of integrating indexation into Uzbekistan’s cadastral valuation system and propose a suitable methodology. Results: The research shows that indexation—used globally in countries like Belgium, Spain, and Italy—enhances valuation accuracy, ensures fairer tax burdens, and stabilizes government revenues. Novelty: The study offers a tailored methodology based on international best practices and adapted to Uzbekistan’s specific institutional and data contexts, emphasizing automated integration and public transparency. Implications: Implementing indexation will promote equity in property taxation, reduce administrative burdens, and support the development of a stable, transparent, and adaptive cadastral system aligned with market dynamics.
Highlight :

Ensures Tax Accuracy – Indexation aligns property values with market conditions, improving fairness and equity in real estate taxation.
Supports Fiscal Stability – Regular value updates through indexation help maintain a predictable and stable tax base.
Adaptable Integration – The proposed model allows integration with existing digital systems like CAMA for efficient implementation.

Keywords : Cadastral Value, Indexation Method, Real Estate Tax, Tax Accuracy, Market Price Index.

Refining Assessment Mechanisms for Management Competence in Public Service Leadership

Rafikova Ziyodakhan Akmaljonovna — 2025-07-07

General Background: Effective public administration relies heavily on the competence of managerial personnel. Specific Background: In Uzbekistan, reforms emphasize forming a professional civil service corps aligned with modern governance standards. Knowledge Gap: Despite existing assessment frameworks, subjectivity, lack of digital integration, and inconsistent criteria hinder accurate evaluation of leadership potential. Aims: This study aims to improve the mechanisms for assessing the management competence of civil service leaders through evidence-based, competency-focused, and technologically supported methods. Results: The analysis reveals that international best practices, such as 360-degree feedback, digital platforms, and psychometric assessments, offer more objective and comprehensive evaluations. Novelty: The proposed model integrates global methodologies with localized needs, advocating for strategic foresight, emotional intelligence, and ethical standards in leadership assessment. Implications: Implementing a multi-dimensional, transparent evaluation system could enhance public service quality, reduce corruption, and ensure strategic leadership continuity in Uzbekistan’s civil administration.
Highlight :

Modern assessment methods like 360-degree feedback and digital platforms enhance objectivity in leadership evaluations.
Competency-based models help identify both strengths and development areas for public service managers.
Accurate leadership assessment supports building a professional talent reserve aligned with strategic governance goals.

Keywords : Civil Service, Management Personnel, Management Capacity, Evaluation Mechanisms, Management Competencies

Building Entrepreneurial Interest of Scout Members Through Business Model Canvas Design Training

Bisma Widyawan — 2025-07-03

General Background: Youth entrepreneurship is a critical strategy for fostering economic self-reliance and innovation. Specific Background: In Indonesia, the Scout Movement has increasingly integrated character and skill-building programs, offering an opportunity to embed entrepreneurial education. Knowledge Gap: Despite awareness of entrepreneurship, practical understanding and application among adolescents—especially using tools like the Business Model Canvas (BMC)—remain limited. Aims: This study aims to enhance entrepreneurial interest and competency among 17-year-old Scout members through BMC design training. Results: Conducted as a participatory workshop, the training included lectures, business site visits, group simulations, and peer assessments. The findings showed that 66.7% of participants were unfamiliar with BMC prior to the workshop, but post-training evaluations revealed improved comprehension, with peer assessment scores averaging 3.08–4.00 (out of 5), and self-ratings predominantly between 7 and 9 (out of 10). Novelty: This study contributes novel insights into the integration of entrepreneurship education within a non-formal setting, specifically through experiential and peer-based learning methods tailored for Scout members. Implications: The findings suggest that structured, interactive training using BMC can effectively cultivate entrepreneurial mindset and skills in youth, and support the strategic inclusion of business education in character-based programs like Scouting.
Highlight :

Hands-on BMC Training: Scout members engaged in designing business models using the Business Model Canvas to enhance entrepreneurial skills.
Peer-Based Learning: Activities included peer assessment to deepen understanding through evaluation and feedback.
Youth-Centered Approach: The training targeted 17-year-old Scout members, aligning with their developmental stage and promoting real-world business thinking.

Keywords : Business Model Canvas, BMC, Entrepreneurship, Scout Members, Training

Expected Credit Losses as a Key Driver of Profit Variability in Banks

Sadam Hamdan Akdh — 2025-07-09

General Background: In the wake of adopting IFRS 9, commercial banks are required to apply a forward-looking approach in estimating credit losses, aiming to enhance financial transparency and risk management. Specific Background: Iraqi private commercial banks have faced significant challenges in adapting to this paradigm, particularly due to volatile economic conditions and operational inefficiencies. Knowledge Gap: Despite IFRS 9's relevance, limited empirical analysis exists on how expected credit losses (ECL) affect profitability in emerging markets like Iraq. Aims: This study investigates the impact of ECL on net profit among a sample of Iraqi private commercial banks between 2021 and 2023, focusing on compliance with IFRS 9 and its effect on financial performance. Results: The findings reveal that higher ECLs significantly reduce net profits, especially in banks with high default rates and inconsistent risk practices. Additionally, discrepancies in IFRS 9 compliance contributed to inaccuracies in loss estimations. Novelty: Unlike previous research, this study provides a detailed sector-specific empirical analysis linking regulatory standards to profitability outcomes in a high-risk economic environment. Implications: Strengthening compliance with IFRS 9, enhancing disclosure, and reforming regulatory provisions could mitigate the adverse effects of ECL on profit, thereby reinforcing financial stability in Iraq's banking sector.
Highlights:

IFRS 9 impact – Adoption of IFRS 9 led to a forward-looking loss model, affecting how banks recognize credit losses and report profits.
Profit reduction – Higher expected credit losses correlate directly with decreased net profits, especially in banks with weak credit risk management.
Disclosure gaps – Variations in compliance and lack of transparency in financial disclosures hinder effective decision-making and risk evaluation

Keywords: Expected Credit Losses, IFRS 9, Net Profit, Private Banks, Credit Risk

Determinants of Earnings Management in IDX Property and Real Estate Sector

Jane Surbakti — 2025-07-09

General Background: Earnings management remains a critical concern in financial reporting, especially in sectors with high capital intensity like property and real estate. Specific Background: In Indonesia, such practices are increasingly scrutinized due to inconsistent findings regarding the roles of tax planning, deferred tax burden, leverage, firm size, and institutional ownership. Knowledge Gap: Few studies explore the moderating effect of profitability on these variables in earnings management, particularly in the post-pandemic period. Aims: This study investigates the influence of tax planning, deferred tax burden, firm size, leverage, and institutional ownership on earnings management, with profitability as a moderating variable, using 549 firm-year observations from 183 IDX-listed companies (2020–2023). Results: Results show leverage and deferred tax burden significantly affect earnings management. Profitability moderates the effects of deferred tax burden, leverage, and institutional ownership, while it has no moderating effect on tax planning or firm size. Novelty: This study provides new insights into the contingent role of profitability in shaping earnings management behaviors in emerging markets. Implications: The findings contribute to refining financial governance strategies, guiding investor risk assessments, and informing regulators on industry-specific supervisory frameworks that enhance financial reporting transparency.
Highlight :

Profitability as Moderator – Profitability affects the strength of the relationship between key financial factors and earnings management.
Sector Focused – The study targets property and real estate companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange.
Tax and Leverage Role – Tax planning and leverage significantly influence earnings management practices.

Keywords : Earnings Management, Profitability, Moderating Variable, Property and Real Estate, Indonesian Stock Exchange

Evaluating Islamic Marketing Strategy of Hajj-Umrah Travel in Digital Era

Dihliza Basya — 2025-07-09

General Background: The Hajj and Umrah travel sector is facing intense competition with the rise of licensed and unlicensed travel providers. Specific Background: In the digital era, social media platforms play a crucial role in marketing strategies to attract prospective pilgrims, but these efforts must remain aligned with Islamic ethical principles. Knowledge Gap: Despite growing digitalization, there is limited evaluation of how Islamic marketing strategies are implemented and assessed using structured analytical tools. Aims: This study aims to evaluate the Islamic marketing strategy applied by a pesantren-based Hajj and Umrah travel company through the SERVO (Strategy, Environment, Resources, Values, Organization) framework. Results: Using qualitative methods—interviews, observations, and documentation—the study finds that while digital marketing has improved customer engagement and booking conversions, the company still needs to enhance service response, transparency, and strategic competitiveness. Novelty: The integration of SERVO analysis with Islamic values offers a unique approach to assess strategic fit in faith-based service industries. Implications: The findings highlight the importance of aligning digital strategies with Islamic marketing ethics and strategic responsiveness to ensure sustainable performance and trust in religious travel services.
Highlight :

The study evaluates Islamic marketing strategies in hajj and umrah travel using SERVO analysis to improve competitiveness in the digital era.
Findings highlight the importance of optimizing social media, improving service response, and ensuring ethical alignment with sharia principles.
Adjustments to commission fees and target pilgrims are needed to support sustainable business growth.

Keywords : Digitalization, Hajj and Umrah Travel, Islamic Marketing Strategy, SERVO Analysis, Digital Marketing

Methods and Analysis of Assessment of The Level of Economic Efficiency

Umirova Gulmira Shodiboy kizi — 2025-07-11

General Background: Economic efficiency assessment plays a crucial role in guiding strategic and financial decision-making across industries. Specific Background: In the construction sector, evaluating enterprise-level efficiency remains a complex task due to diverse operational factors and inconsistent application of assessment tools.
Knowledge Gap: Existing literature offers various models such as cost-benefit analysis, efficiency ratios, DEA, and stochastic frontier analysis; however, limited studies critically compare these methods or explore their integrated applicability to real-world construction industry data. Aims: This study aims to analyze and compare methods for assessing economic efficiency, with a focus on construction enterprises, and to propose a robust evaluation framework. Results: The analysis demonstrates that different tools capture varying dimensions of efficiency, with DEA and the DuPont model offering complementary insights when applied to enterprise data. Novelty: The article introduces a comprehensive evaluation model that integrates quantitative and qualitative indicators, addressing methodological limitations and enhancing contextual relevance. Implications: Findings underscore the need for tailored assessment strategies that align with organizational objectives, and suggest future directions for refining hybrid models to support sustainable economic planning and resource optimization in industrial enterprises.

Highlights:

Highlights comparative analysis of efficiency assessment methods.
Emphasizes integrated use of quantitative and qualitative tools.
Offers practical implications for strategic economic planning.

Keywords: Economic Efficiency, Construction Industry, DuPont Model, Data Envelopment Analysis, Performance Evaluation

The Impact of KUR Super Mikro on MSME Turnover at Pegadaian Syariah

Muhammad Deffa Ray — 2025-07-11

General background: MSMEs play a strategic role in driving economic growth and employment absorption in Indonesia. Specific background: However, many MSMEs still face difficulties in accessing formal financing due to high-interest rates and complex requirements, prompting the government to introduce the KUR Super Mikro program through Sharia-based institutions like Pegadaian Syariah. Knowledge gap: Despite its potential, studies analyzing the specific impact of this program on MSME turnover at the branch level remain limited. Aims: This study aims to analyze the impact of the KUR Super Mikro implementation on the turnover of MSMEs at Pegadaian Syariah CPS Ar Hakim. Results: Using a quantitative approach and the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test on 78 respondents, the results showed a significant average turnover increase of 79.70% after receiving the financing. Business rotation also improved notably, and all respondents positively assessed the program. Novelty: This study contributes empirical evidence regarding the effectiveness of Sharia-based microfinancing on MSME turnover in a specific Pegadaian branch, which has been rarely studied. Implications: The findings suggest that expanding the KUR Super Mikro program and integrating it with business mentoring is essential to enhance its long-term impact and support MSME sustainability.
Highlight :

MSME turnover increased by an average of 79.70% after receiving KUR Super Mikro.
The speed of business turnover of MSMEs experienced a significant increase.
All respondents stated that the program was very helpful for business development.

Keywords : KUR Super Micro, MSMEs, Pegadaian Syariah, Turnover, Sharia Financing

Leverage and Liquidity Drive Tax Avoidance in Manufacturing Companies

Febriana Wulandari — 2025-07-14

Background: Tax avoidance remains a critical concern in fiscal policy, as taxpayers seek to minimize tax obligations through strategies that often comply with legal frameworks.Specific Background: Among these strategies, transfer pricing, capital intensity, leverage, and liquidity are frequently cited as potential determinants, though empirical findings remain mixed. Knowledge Gap: Prior research has yet to fully explore the moderating role of firm size in the relationship between these variables and tax avoidance.
Aim: This study investigates the influence of transfer pricing, leverage, liquidity, and capital intensity on tax avoidance, with firm size as a moderating variable. Results: Findings reveal that leverage and liquidity significantly affect tax avoidance, while transfer pricing and capital intensity show no direct effect. Firm size moderates the effect of transfer pricing, liquidity, and capital intensity on tax avoidance, but not the effect of leverage. Novelty: The integration of firm size as a moderator offers new insights into the conditional impact of financial and operational factors on tax avoidance behavior. Implications: These results contribute to the literature by highlighting firm-specific characteristics in tax planning strategies and can inform regulatory policy to better address aggressive tax practices.

Highlights:

Examines key financial factors influencing corporate tax avoidance.
Identifies firm size as a moderating variable in specific relationships.
Offers empirical evidence to guide tax policy and future research.

Keywords: Transfer Pricing, Tax Avoidance, Firm Size, Leverage, Capital Intensity

Corporate Governance Moderates Tax Avoidance Determinants in Transportation Firms

Mei Dwi Wulandari — 2025-07-14

General Background: Tax avoidance remains a contentious issue in corporate financial management, drawing extensive academic and regulatory attention. Specific Background: While prior studies have examined the role of firm characteristics on tax behavior, limited attention has been given to the moderating effect of corporate governance.Knowledge Gap: Few empirical studies integrate internal company factors with governance mechanisms to explain variability in tax avoidance, especially in Indonesia’s transportation manufacturing sector. Aims: This study investigates the effects of leverage, firm size, thin capitalization, corporate social responsibility (CSR), and capital intensity on tax avoidance, and evaluates whether corporate governance—proxied by independent commissioners—modulates these relationships. Results: Using Smart-PLS analysis on data from 2019–2023, we find that firm size, thin capitalization, and capital intensity significantly influence tax avoidance, whereas leverage and CSR do not. Novelty: The study introduces a moderating analysis revealing that corporate governance can either amplify or dampen the influence of firm size, CSR, and capital intensity on tax avoidance—highlighting a nuanced role for governance mechanisms.
Implications: These findings underscore the strategic role of independent commissioners in mitigating aggressive tax practices and offer insights for regulators aiming to improve corporate tax compliance through governance reforms.

Highlights:

Highlights the moderating role of independent commissioners in tax strategies.
Reveals that firm size, thin capitalization, and capital intensity significantly impact tax avoidance.
Offers evidence-based insights from Indonesia’s transportation manufacturing sector (2019–2023).

Keywords: Tax Avoidance, Corporate Governance, Firm Characteristics, Capital Intensity, Independent Commissioners

Stock Returns under Interest Rate and Volatility Pressure with Green Innovation and Exchange Rate Roles

Ni Ketut Widya Utami — 2025-07-15

Background: The Indonesian capital market, particularly the property and real estate sector, is highly sensitive to macroeconomic fluctuations, especially during periods of global uncertainty such as 2020–2024. Specific Background: External factors like interest rates, inflation, and index volatility influence investor behavior and corporate performance, yet their interaction with sustainability dimensions remains underexplored. Knowledge Gap: Prior studies rarely assess the moderating role of green technology innovation and exchange rates in the macroeconomic–stock return relationship. Aims: This study investigates the impact of Bank Indonesia’s interest rate, index volatility, and inflation on stock returns, while testing the moderating effects of the Rupiah exchange rate and green technology innovation. Results: Interest rates and index volatility significantly reduce stock returns, while inflation is insignificant. The exchange rate shows no moderating effect. However, green technology innovation significantly moderates the relationship between interest rates and stock returns, indicating its buffering potential. Novelty: The inclusion of green innovation as a moderating variable presents a novel perspective in sustainable financial research within emerging markets. Implications: These findings suggest that adopting green innovations enhances corporate resilience to macroeconomic shocks and supports investor confidence, highlighting its strategic role in policy-making and ESG-oriented investment frameworks.
Highlight :

Interest rates and index volatility significantly reduce stock returns in the property sector.
Green technology innovation moderates the impact of interest rates on stock returns.
Exchange rate and inflation show no significant moderating effect on stock returns.

Keywords : Stock Returns, Interest Rates, Index Volatility, Inflation, Green Technology Innovation, Exchange Rate

Sharia Hedging Implementation in Managing Forex Risk in Indonesia

Lina Anggara — 2025-07-16

General Background: The volatility of foreign exchange rates poses significant risks to financial stability, especially in Islamic banking, where conventional hedging instruments are often non-compliant with Sharia principles. Specific Background: In Indonesia, Islamic banks increasingly engage in international transactions, amplifying exposure to currency fluctuations without sufficient Sharia-compliant risk mitigation tools. Knowledge Gap: Despite various studies on individual hedging instruments, a comprehensive synthesis evaluating the effectiveness and implementation challenges of Islamic hedging in Indonesia has been lacking. Aims: This study aims to systematically review the application of three primary Islamic hedging instruments—wa’d-based forward, cross currency swaps, and natural hedging—in Indonesian Islamic banks, and assess their effectiveness and constraints. Results: The findings reveal that wa’d-based forward is the most frequently utilized instrument, offering Sharia-compliant mitigation of exchange rate risk. However, limited market liquidity, regulatory ambiguity, and low technical capacity hinder optimal implementation. Novelty: This study provides the first consolidated evaluation of Islamic hedging in Indonesia using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, identifying thematic research trends, barriers, and regulatory gaps. Implications: The results suggest the need for policy reform, international collaboration, and product innovation to strengthen Indonesia’s Sharia-compliant financial risk management ecosystem.
Highlight :

Islamic hedging tools like wa’d-based forward and CCS reduce currency risk while complying with Sharia law.
Implementation in Indonesia faces challenges such as low market liquidity and limited regulatory support.
Compared to Malaysia, Indonesia needs stronger innovation and collaboration to advance its Islamic hedging practices.

Keywords : Systematic Literature Review, Sharia Hedging, Foreign Exchange Risk, Islamic Banking, Financial Stability

Implementation of PSAK 112 Improves Productive Waqf Management

Mhd. Farhan Mukti — 2025-07-17

General Background: Waqf, a cornerstone of Islamic social finance, holds immense economic potential yet remains underutilized in many urban settings. Specific Background: In Medan City, the low realization of waqf collection and asset utilization highlights a lack of transparency and accountability in waqf management. Knowledge Gap: While PSAK 112 was introduced to improve waqf financial reporting, few quantitative studies have examined its practical impact, particularly in large metropolitan areas. Aim: This study investigates the effect of PSAK 112 implementation on the development of productive waqf in Medan. Results: Using a quantitative approach and linear regression on data from 30 nazhir institutions, the results show a significant positive relationship (t = 9.792, p < 0.000; R² = 0.904) between PSAK 112 implementation and productive waqf growth. Novelty: Unlike previous research focused on theoretical frameworks or regional case studies, this study provides empirical evidence from a major city with complex waqf dynamics. Implications: These findings underscore the critical role of standardized financial reporting in enhancing nazhir accountability, increasing public trust, and optimizing waqf assets. The study offers strategic recommendations for regulators and waqf authorities to support broader adoption of PSAK 112 for national waqf development.
Highlight :

PSAK 112 significantly boosts the development of productive waqf in Medan, explaining 90.4% of its growth variation.
Transparent financial reporting enhances stakeholder trust and strengthens nazhir accountability.
Implementation of PSAK 112 supports Islamic accounting theory and improves waqf governance effectiveness.

Keywords : PSAK 112, Productive Waqf, Waqf Accounting, Nazir Accountability, Financial Transparency

Implementation of Environmental Accounting in a Halal Manufacturing Company

Sunni Syahputra — 2025-07-21

General Background: The halal industry is expanding globally, driven by increasing awareness of ethical, hygienic, and spiritually aligned production standards. Specific Background: In Indonesia, as a key player in the halal economy, the integration of Islamic values into business practices is emphasized, including environmental accountability. Knowledge Gap: However, practical implementation of sharia-based environmental accounting remains limited, especially in halal manufacturing sectors. Aims: This study investigates the application of environmental accounting at PT Kimia Farma in the Medan Industrial Area, focusing on the integration of maqashid sharia principles. Results: Findings show that while the company implements environmental initiatives—such as waste treatment, energy efficiency, and CSR—it lacks a formal environmental accounting framework grounded in Islamic accountability. Novelty: Using stakeholder theory and Islamic accountability theory, the research presents empirical insights into the gap between normative values and structured sharia reporting, highlighting both institutional strengths (halal certification, managerial commitment) and constraints (lack of technical guidance, limited human resource capacity). Implications: The study underscores the urgency of developing sharia-compliant environmental reporting models to strengthen ethical governance in halal industries, offering strategic insights for policymakers, regulators, and halal enterprises seeking sustainability through faith-based accountability.
Highlight :

The study explores environmental accounting implementation in the halal industry using a case study of PT Kimia Farma.
Findings show the absence of a structured sharia-based reporting system despite internal Islamic values.
Key barriers include lack of technical guidelines and limited literacy in maqashid shariah among staff.

Keywords : Environmental Accounting, Halal Industry, Maqashid Shariah, Islamic Accountability, PT Kimia Farma

User Perceptions Toward Gamification in Digital Sharia Savings

Muhammad Andreansyah Ilham Sembiring Andre — 2025-07-22

General Background: The rapid digital transformation in Indonesia's Islamic banking sector aims to improve service quality and financial inclusion through mobile applications. Specific Background: Despite technological advancements, user engagement with digital Islamic savings remains low, highlighting a need for innovative strategies. Knowledge Gap: Limited research exists on the role of gamification in enhancing engagement with Sharia-based digital financial products, especially outside Java. Aims: This study investigates user perceptions of gamification elements—such as daily missions, challenges, and progress bars—on engagement with Bank Jago Syariah's mobile savings platform in Medan. Results: Using the Technology Acceptance Model, findings from 30 users show that perceived enjoyment (score: 85), usefulness (82), and intention to use (81) are all rated highly. Qualitative insights confirm that gamification motivates users and improves satisfaction. Novelty: This research offers a regional perspective from Medan, filling a geographic and thematic gap by integrating Sharia values with gamification design. Implications: The results suggest that interactive, Sharia-compliant gamification features can effectively boost user loyalty and should be strategically implemented in Islamic fintech development.
Highlight :

Gamification such as daily missions and progress bars were shown to increase user motivation and engagement.
Perceived Enjoyment scored the highest, indicating fun to be a key factor in feature adoption.
Customization of features with Shariah values and user-friendly interfaces are recommended to increase loyalty.

Keywords : Gamification, Tabungan Syariah Digital, Keterlibatan Pengguna, TAM, Bank Jago Syariah

Mergers Trigger Significant Shifts in Company Stock Performance

Junita Pratiwi — 2025-07-22

General Background: Mergers are strategic business activities aimed at enhancing competitiveness, operational efficiency, and shareholder value through the consolidation of two companies. Specific Background: In the Indonesian capital market, corporate mergers among publicly listed firms are becoming increasingly relevant as investors seek signals that predict future financial performance. Knowledge Gap: Despite numerous merger activities, empirical evidence on the financial impact of mergers in Indonesia remains limited and inconclusive. Aims: This study investigates the financial performance of eight public companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange following mergers, to determine if significant changes occur. Results: Using a quantitative approach with purposive sampling and secondary data from IDX, IDN Financial, and Investing websites, financial ratios before and after the merger were compared through a T-test. The analysis revealed statistically significant differences in all observed financial ratios post-merger.
Novelty: The study offers contextual evidence on how mergers in emerging markets like Indonesia can reshape financial performance, supporting investment decisions based on merger outcomes. Implications: These findings contribute to a better understanding for market investors, indicating that mergers may serve as reliable indicators for potential profitability and improved financial health in the post-merger period.

Highlights:

Mergers significantly affect company financial ratios.
T-test reveals post-merger performance shifts.
Results guide investors in stock decision-making.

Keywords: Merger Impact, Financial Performance, Indonesia Stock Exchange, Quantitative Analysis, Investor Strategy

Hybrid Contract Implementation in Multi Payment Product Services

Ananda Putri Savana — 2025-07-22

General Background: The increasing complexity of financial needs has driven the demand for Sharia-compliant services that balance efficiency with ethical principles. Specific Background: Pegadaian Syariah has adopted hybrid contracts in its Multi Payment Online (MPO) product to meet these demands. Knowledge Gap: While hybrid contracts are increasingly used, limited research explores their local implementation in non-bank Islamic financial institutions, particularly Pegadaian Syariah. Aims: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of hybrid contract implementation in the MPO product at Pegadaian Syariah A.R. Hakim Medan, identify operational challenges, and assess the influence of public understanding, outreach, and technology. Results: The findings confirm that the contracts adhere to MUI fatwas and Sharia principles under DPS supervision, but challenges include network issues and fluctuating provider margins. Novelty: This research offers an applied perspective on hybrid contract structuring in a localized context, combining multiple contract types (wakalah, ijarah, qardh) for service integration. Implications: The study suggests that enhanced digital infrastructure, public education, and proactive contract renegotiation are crucial for optimizing service delivery, offering valuable insights for scaling hybrid-based financial products in other Islamic finance settings.
Highlight :

The main focus of the research is the application of hybrid contracts in MPO products at Pegadaian Syariah Branch A.R. Hakim Medan.
The main challenges include network disruptions and changes in service margins that require renegotiation of the contract.
The role of technology and digital socialization proved important in service effectiveness and public understanding.

Keywords : Hybrid Contract, Multi Payment, Analysis, Pegadaian Syariah, Digital Transaction

Competence, Workload, Incentives, and Their Link to Driver Satisfaction and Performance

Erlangga Eka Taruna — 2025-07-23

General Background: The online transportation industry is becoming increasingly competitive, necessitating a deeper understanding of factors that affect workforce sustainability. Specific Background: Within algorithm-driven gig platforms, driver-partners operate under flexible yet demanding conditions, influencing their performance and well-being. Knowledge Gap: Despite the growing literature on digital labor, limited research has examined how individual factors like competence, workload, and incentives impact job satisfaction and performance in such decentralized systems. Aims: This study investigates the effects of competence, workload, and incentives on job satisfaction and how these in turn influence the performance of driver-partners in an online food delivery platform. Results: Using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with AMOS and data from 100 respondents, findings reveal that only workload significantly affects job satisfaction. Competence and incentives showed no significant relationship, nor did job satisfaction or the examined factors significantly impact performance. Novelty: The study challenges traditional assumptions by showing that in platform-based work environments, personal variables may not directly drive performance outcomes.
Implications: These results suggest a shift in managerial focus—from individual optimization to systemic interventions—better suited for digital labor ecosystems governed by algorithms and flexible task structures.

Highlights:

Only workload significantly influences job satisfaction.
Competence and incentives do not directly impact satisfaction or performance.
System-level strategies are more effective than personal improvements.

Keywords: Job Satisfaction, Driver Performance, Online Food Delivery, Workload Impact, Digital Labor

From dashboards to decision-making agents: Integrating agentic AI into Business Intelligence Systems for enterprise transformation

Umidjon Saidkhujaev — 2025-07-23

General Background: Business Intelligence (BI) systems have evolved from static dashboards to dynamic tools for data-driven decision-making. Specific Background: However, traditional BI remains reactive and limited in autonomy, creating a performance bottleneck in rapidly changing enterprise environments. Knowledge Gap: Current literature lacks a comprehensive model that integrates agentic AI—AI systems capable of autonomous planning, execution, and adaptation—into existing BI frameworks. Aims: This study introduces the "BI-Agentic Decision Loop" framework to operationalize agentic AI within BI systems and assess its transformative impact. Results: Empirical findings from financial, ESG, and operational domains show improvements including a 45% rise in decision accuracy, 75% reduction in ESG reporting time, and 60% gain in real-time responsiveness. Novelty: Unlike prior models, the proposed framework emphasizes closed-loop autonomy with contextual perception, adaptive reasoning, and continuous learning while ensuring human oversight. Implications: The integration of agentic AI into BI signifies not merely a technological upgrade but a paradigm shift in enterprise strategy, requiring new governance models, organizational change, and ethical safeguards to fully harness its potential.
Highlights:

BI-Agentic Decision Loop – A new framework enabling autonomous, proactive, and adaptive decision-making in business systems.
Performance Boost – Real-world cases show 45% improved forecast accuracy, 75% faster ESG reporting, and 60% better operational response.
Strategic Shift – Adoption requires addressing governance, trust, and organizational change to fully leverage agentic AI capabilities

Keywords: Agentic AI, Business Intelligence, Decision-Making, Autonomous Systems, Enterprise Transformation

MANAGEMENT MECHANISMS FOR SYNERGETIC DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM INDUSTRIES IN UZBEKISTAN

Saidova Dilfuza Abdufattohovna — 2025-07-23

General Background: The tourism sector is increasingly recognized as a critical component of national economic development due to its multifaceted impact on employment, infrastructure, and cultural preservation. Specific Background: In Uzbekistan, tourism reforms between 2020 and 2024 have aimed to accelerate growth through infrastructural investments, digital innovations, and policy shifts. Knowledge Gap: However, empirical studies focusing on synergistic management—particularly the integrated coordination among tourism sub-sectors—remain limited, especially in the Uzbek context. Aims: This study investigates the mechanisms and outcomes of synergistic development across hotel, transport, gastronomy, excursion, and information services in Uzbekistan’s tourism sector. Results: Using qualitative methods and statistical review, the study finds significant post-pandemic recovery in tourism revenue and infrastructure, yet highlights persistent challenges in inter-sectoral coordination, digital integration, and service standardization. Novelty: The paper introduces a contextualized model of synergistic tourism management tailored to Uzbekistan, integrating global theoretical frameworks with local empirical trends. Implications: The findings underscore the need for cohesive digital platforms, functional cluster governance, and competency-based workforce training to advance sustainable tourism and improve Uzbekistan’s global competitiveness.
Higlights:

Post-Pandemic Growth: Tourist arrivals in Uzbekistan surged from 1.5 million (2020) to 6.6 million (2023) due to integrated reforms.
Infrastructure Expansion: Hotels, tourist companies, and transport services grew over 50%, enhancing service availability.
Low Coordination: Despite growth, weak cross-sector synergy and fragmented digital systems still limit overall tourism efficiency.

Keywords: Synergy, Tourism, Infrastructure, Cluster, Uzbekistan

Marketing Mix Strategy to Increase Competitiveness of Nirvana Beach

Annisa Fajrianii — 2025-07-24

General Background: Tourism is a key sector in regional economic development, with beach destinations in Padang contributing significantly to local income. Specific Background: Nirwana Beach, despite its natural beauty and strategic location, lags behind competitors like Air Manis and Carocok due to limited promotion, service quality, and facility development. Knowledge Gap: Previous studies on coastal tourism marketing in Indonesia rarely focus on local destinations using the 7P marketing mix framework. Aims: This study aims to analyze the implementation of the 7P marketing mix (product, price, place, promotion, people, process, physical evidence) to enhance the competitiveness of Nirwana Beach. Results: The study reveals strengths in product and pricing but identifies significant weaknesses in digital promotion, service process, human resources, and physical facilities. Novelty: Methodologically, this research applies thematic analysis with NVivo software, which is rare in coastal tourism studies, and contributes to the adaptation of service quality and destination competitiveness frameworks in local contexts. Implications: Practical recommendations include enhancing digital marketing, improving human resources through training, and integrating services digitally. Theoretically, the study broadens the application of marketing mix theories to small-scale beach destinations, supporting policy and managerial decisions in sustainable tourism development.
Highlight :

Analysis of the 7P strategy shows that the elements of promotion, human resources, and service processes are still the main weak points of Nirwana Beach.
The destination's main strengths lie in its natural beauty and competitive pricing, but the lack of product diversification limits its appeal.
Strategy recommendations emphasize the importance of digitizing promotions, HR training, and developing physical facilities to improve competitiveness.

Keywords : Marketing Mix, Nirwana Beach, Tourism Strategy, Destination Competitiveness, 7P Model

Price and Quality Drive Purchase Decision via Purchase Interest on Tangkelek

Vivi Rizky Aulya — 2025-07-24

General Background: In an era marked by globalized consumerism, local brands have begun to reclaim cultural identity through products that embody regional heritage. Specific Background: Tangkelek, a Minangkabau-based fashion brand in Padang City, integrates cultural values into its offerings, appealing to emotionally and culturally conscious consumers. Knowledge Gap: While extensive studies have examined the role of price and quality in purchasing decisions, few focus on local, culture-based brands in emerging markets. Aims: This study investigates how price and product quality influence purchasing decisions for Tangkelek products, with purchase interest as a mediating factor. Results: Based on SEM-PLS analysis of 90 respondents, both price and product quality significantly influence purchase interest and decision-making. Purchase interest also effectively mediates the relationship between the two predictors and purchasing behavior. Novelty: The study contributes a localized, culturally grounded model of consumer behavior, extending marketing literature by highlighting emotional-cultural value as a competitive edge. Implications: Findings recommend that MSMEs adopt fair pricing and continuous quality improvement, supported by marketing strategies that evoke purchase interest through cultural storytelling and value communication.
Highlight :

Price and product quality have a significant effect on purchase interest and decisions.
Purchase intention is an important mediator between perceived price and quality on purchasing decisions.
Local products such as Tangkelek gain traction because they carry regional cultural values.

Keywords : Price, Product Quality, Purchase Interest, Purchase Decision, Tangkelek

Towards Strategic and Digital Reform in Uzbekistan’s Real Estate Management

Mirdjalilova Dildora Shukhratovna — 2025-07-24

General background: Real estate management is a cornerstone for sustainable economic development, particularly in transition economies like Uzbekistan undergoing reform and privatization. Specific background: Despite notable efforts toward digital transformation and structural reform, inefficiencies persist due to underutilized assets, fragmented information systems, and weak strategic planning. Knowledge gap: Existing studies emphasize legal, financial, or valuation models without integrating socio-economic metrics, digital governance, or public-private partnership (PPP) frameworks tailored to transitional economies. Aims: This study aims to develop an integrated methodology for improving the efficiency of real estate object management by combining empirical national data with global best practices. Results: Empirical analysis from 2018–2024 reveals significant improvements in digitalization and investment attraction; however, high vacancy rates and systemic inefficiencies remain. A forecast model predicts investment attraction will exceed 70% by 2030 if reforms persist. Novelty: The research introduces a multi-dimensional approach that incorporates correlational analysis, strategic planning, and PPP mechanisms, aligned with frameworks from the IMF and World Bank. Implications: Findings advocate for a systemic, digital, and socially-oriented management model that enhances fiscal stability, optimizes asset use, and aligns real estate governance with national development priorities.
Highlights:

Digital transformation is essential for improving real estate management through information systems and strategic planning.
High vacancy and poor utilization still persist—about 31% of properties remain unused as of 2024 despite reforms.
Investment attraction is rising, projected to reach 70.2% by 2030, driven by digital systems and public-private partnerships.

Keywords: Real Estate, Management Efficiency, Digitalization, Investment, Public-Private Partnership

Positive Zakat, Firm Size and Negative Leverage on BUS Performance

Indi Kaeza Zulfa — 2025-07-24

General Background: The growth of Islamic banking in Indonesia aligns with the country’s Muslim majority and is supported by legal frameworks promoting ethical finance. Specific Background: However, the performance of Islamic Commercial Banks (BUS) fluctuated from 2019 to 2024, warranting deeper investigation into its determinants. Knowledge Gap: Prior studies show inconsistent findings on the effects of zakat, Islamic Corporate Social Responsibility (ICSR), Sharia Supervisory Board Meetings (RDPS), firm size, and leverage on bank performance, revealing a gap in comprehensive analysis. Aims: This study aims to examine the simultaneous and partial influence of those five variables on BUS performance. Results: Using a quantitative method with SPSS 25 and multiple linear regression, the study finds that zakat has a significant positive effect, while firm size and leverage have significant negative effects on performance. ICSR and RDPS show no significant impact. The model explains 90.1% of the variance in ROA. Novelty: The integration of zakat as a strategic signal variable within the Sharia Enterprise and signal theory framework is a distinct contribution. Implications: Findings suggest the need for strategic zakat management, enhanced ICSR execution, stronger DPS governance, and optimized capital structures to improve BUS sustainability and competitiveness.
Highlight :

Zakat positively and significantly affects the performance of Islamic Commercial Banks (BUS) in Indonesia from 2019–2024.
Firm size and leverage have a significant negative effect on BUS performance, indicating inefficiency and risk issues.
ICSR and RDPS do not significantly influence performance, suggesting a gap in implementation or impact measurement.

Keywords : Zakat, ICSR, RDPS, Firm Size, Leverage

Murabahah Working Capital and Investment Financing in Increasing Business Income

Sri Ayu Fadhilah — 2025-07-24

General Background: The Islamic banking industry plays a pivotal role in financial inclusion, particularly for micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), through Sharia-compliant financing schemes. Specific Background: PT BPRS Puduarta Insani Medan Tembung, as a regional Sharia microfinance institution, actively distributes working capital and investment financing using murabahah contracts. Knowledge Gap: However, empirical studies examining the direct impact of such financing on community business income, especially within localized contexts like Medan Tembung, remain limited. Aims: This study investigates how working capital and investment financing under murabahah contracts affect the business performance of local MSMEs. Results: Findings show a positive correlation between murabahah-based financing and increased business income, improved financial capacity, and enhanced operational performance among recipients. Novelty: The study provides in-depth qualitative evidence on the effective implementation of murabahah bi al-wakalah contracts in grassroots banking operations, emphasizing customer empowerment and Sharia adherence. Implications: These insights support policy and institutional strategies aimed at expanding Sharia-based financial services, reducing poverty, and promoting sustainable regional economic growth through inclusive Islamic finance mechanisms.
Highlight :

Working capital and investment financing using murabahah contracts significantly increased MSME income in Medan Tembung.
PT BPRS Puduarta Insani’s financing strategy aligns with national goals for Islamic banking growth and inclusion.
Murabahah bi al-wakalah structure ensures sharia compliance and operational simplicity for both bank and customers.

Keywords : Working Capital Financing, Investment Financing, Murabahah Contract, Business Income, Islamic Microfinance

Price, Product Quality, and Packaging in Yumsbite Purchase Decisions

Resti Haryati — 2025-07-25

General Background: The Indonesian snack food industry continues to grow, with consumer preferences increasingly shaped by product quality and experience. Specific Background: In micro and small enterprises (MSMEs) like Yumsbite Donuts, purchasing decisions are often influenced by price, packaging, and perceived product value. Knowledge Gap: While many studies analyze these variables quantitatively, there is limited literature mapping that visualizes trends, author networks, and research clusters in this field. Aims: This study aims to systematically analyze the influence of price, product quality, and packaging on purchase decisions through a bibliometric approach using VOSviewer. Results: Analysis of 30 selected articles reveals three main research clusters, with product quality and packaging emerging as dominant themes, while price is comparatively less discussed. Novelty: Unlike previous regression-based studies, this research maps the intellectual structure and thematic evolution of the literature, uncovering underexplored areas such as visual branding and consumer perception. Implications: The findings suggest that MSMEs should prioritize product quality and packaging strategies over pricing tactics to enhance consumer purchase decisions, offering a practical reference for marketing development and a foundation for future research directions.
Highlight :

Product quality and packaging are the most dominant factors influencing purchase decisions.
Price is less emphasized in literature compared to quality and packaging.
Bibliometric analysis helps identify research clusters and practical strategies for MSMEs.

Keywords : Price, Product Quality, Packaging, Purchase Decisions, Snack MSMEs

Economic Mechanisms of Managing the Seasonality of Tourist Flow in Uzbekistan

Fayazov Mukhiddin Sobirovich — 2025-07-25

General Background: Tourism is a critical sector for economic diversification and regional development, particularly in emerging economies like Uzbekistan. Specific Background: However, the sector is severely affected by tourist flow seasonality, leading to underutilized infrastructure, unstable employment, and reduced investment efficiency. Knowledge Gap: Despite global literature on seasonality management, existing models are predominantly designed for developed or coastal nations and do not adequately address the unique climatic and institutional conditions of inland developing countries. Aims: This study aims to analyze the economic mechanisms for managing tourist seasonality in Uzbekistan, adapting international models to local contexts. Results: The research identifies a high seasonality index driven by climate, vacation calendars, and limited off-season offerings. Empirical findings show that tourist arrivals peak in spring and autumn and drop significantly in summer and winter, resulting in labor and infrastructure inefficiencies. Novelty: The study introduces a multidimensional framework combining statistical modeling, economic impact analysis, and tailored policy interventions—emphasizing family tourism, winter resorts, and digital marketing—as context-specific strategies. Implications: The proposed mechanisms provide actionable insights for policymakers and investors to stabilize year-round tourism, foster sustainable regional development, and mitigate socio-economic imbalances in Uzbekistan’s tourism industry.

Highlights:

High Seasonality Impact: Tourist flow in Uzbekistan fluctuates dramatically between seasons—up to 5.7 million in peak vs. 1.3 million in off-peak months—causing economic imbalance and inefficient infrastructure use.
Mitigation Strategies Proposed: The paper recommends diversifying tourism (e.g., winter, eco, medical), offering tax incentives, enhancing digital marketing, and organizing off-season events to stabilize tourist flow year-round.
Policy and Data Gaps: Emphasizes the need for better tourism data, regional planning, and integrated governance mechanisms to manage seasonal challenges effectively.

Keywords: Tourism, Seasonality, Uzbekistan, Economic Mechanisms, Diversification

Branding Strategies as a Tool for Competitive Growth in Local Pharmaceuticals

Khasanov Sokhib Latifovich — 2025-07-26

General Background: The pharmaceutical industry plays a pivotal role in national healthcare and economic security, especially under increasing global competition and consumer demand. Specific Background: In Uzbekistan, recent state reforms have driven growth in the local pharmaceutical sector, yet many enterprises lack strategic branding, limiting their market competitiveness. Knowledge Gap: Despite global recognition of branding’s impact, local studies inadequately address its strategic, psychological, and institutional dimensions, often reducing it to superficial elements like logos or product names. Aims: This study aims to analyze the role of branding strategies in shaping a competitive environment among Uzbek pharmaceutical enterprises and to propose context-specific solutions for brand development. Results: The analysis reveals that domestic products occupy 37% of the market by volume but only 13% by value, highlighting a branding deficit. Strategic branding can enhance consumer trust, differentiate products, and increase export readiness. Novelty: The study integrates multidisciplinary branding theories with local market analysis, offering practical, evidence-based branding recommendations tailored to Uzbekistan’s pharmaceutical sector. Implications: Effective branding strategies can serve as tools for sustainable competitiveness, transforming local pharmaceutical brands into assets that foster customer loyalty, attract investment, and bolster national economic resilience.
Highlights:

Strategic Branding Is Essential
Branding is not just logos—it builds consumer trust, emotional connection, and long-term market positioning for local pharmaceutical firms.
Local Brands Are Underdeveloped
Despite making up 37% of consumption, most Uzbek pharmaceutical companies lack a full branding platform and remain focused only on product names and packaging.
Branding Boosts Export and Investment
A strong brand image increases not just domestic loyalty but also international market access and investor appeal.

Keywords: Branding Strategy, Pharmaceutical Industry, Competitive Advantage, Consumer Trust, Uzbekistan

INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF DOMESTIC TOURISM ACTIVITIES THROUGH DEVELOPING TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE

Turopov Maksudjon — 2025-07-26

Background: Domestic tourism has emerged as a strategic lever for economic and socio-cultural development in many nations. Specific Background: In Uzbekistan, tourism policy has increasingly emphasized enhancing internal mobility and regional connectivity. Knowledge Gap: However, despite a rich cultural and natural heritage, limitations in transport infrastructure have hindered the efficient utilization of domestic tourism potential. Aim: This study aims to examine the role of transport infrastructure development—airports, railways, public transport, and digital mobility solutions—in enhancing domestic tourism efficiency between 2020 and 2024. Results: Statistical analysis indicates that infrastructural investments, such as the modernization of Samarkand and Tashkent airports and the introduction of high-speed trains and metro systems, contributed to a substantial rise in domestic tourist flows (from 20.1 million in 2022 to 22.7 million in 2024). Novelty: The study introduces a holistic framework linking transport modernization with territorial tourism development, integrating infrastructural, economic, and digital dimensions. Implications: The findings underscore that without inclusive, modern, and strategically aligned transport systems, domestic tourism cannot realize its full economic and social potential-highlighting the need for equitable regional planning, digitization, and public-private partnership initiatives.
Highlights:

Strategic Role of Transport
Efficient, modern, and inclusive transport infrastructure is essential for enhancing access to tourist destinations and increasing tourist satisfaction.
Positive Impact of Reforms (2020–2024)
Major upgrades like Samarkand and Tashkent airport modernization, introduction of high-speed trains, and metro expansion have boosted domestic tourism flow significantly.
Remaining Challenges & Solutions
Issues such as unequal regional access, underdeveloped rural transport, and lack of digital platforms persist; recommendations include digitalization, private sector partnerships, and promotion of eco-transport solutions.

Keywords: Transport Infrastructure, Domestic Tourism, Uzbekistan, Public Transport, Infrastructure Reform

Education on Cough and Cold Treatment with Acupressure Through Leaflets and Videos

Izzatus Sa'adah — 2025-07-07

Treatment of cough and cold is prioritized non-pharmacological. The purpose of this study was to determine differences in the level of knowledge and skills of mothers in handling cold coughs with acupressure through the media of leaflets and videos. The research method is Quasi Experimental Two Group Pretest Posttest. Population of mothers who have toddlers aged 1 to 5 years at Taman Sidoarjo Public Health Center. The Non Probability sample of 40 people was divided into two groups of leaflets and videos. The pretest uses a questionnaire for knowledge level and a checklist for mother's skills. Posttest one week after getting the intervention. The results of the research data were analyzed by the Independent T-Test test. The results of pretest leafleat knowledge 74.50 video 78.00 posttest leafleat 84.00 video 90.50 for pretest leafleat and video skills .00 posttest leafleat 11.743 video 9.787. The results of the T-Test test showed a p value > 0.05, so education on treating cold coughs with acupressure using leaflet and video media provided an increase in knowledge and skills, there was a difference in improvement, but the difference was not significant.

Analysis of the Multiple Drug Resistance (MDR) Pattern Among Uropathogenic Klebsiella Pneumoniae Isolates from Immunocompromised Patients

Alaa Abd Atia — 2025-07-09

Background: Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae is a major causative agent of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and represents a growing therapeutic challenge, particularly in immunocompromised patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of MDR in K. pneumoniae isolates from immunocompromised patients with UTIs. Methods: Urine samples were collected from 597 immunocompromised patients with UTIs. K. pneumoniae was isolated and identified, and the isolates were subjected to susceptibility testing against 25 antibiotics. Results: Fifty-two (12.2%) K. pneumoniae isolates were isolated from 427 positive urine samples. The results showed a high prevalence of MDR (73.1%) with specific resistance patterns associated with certain antibiotic classes. The relationship between MDR and patient demographic and clinical variables was also analyzed, and statistically significant associations were found between the presence of the pattern and length of hospital stay (P=0.0238), prolonged infection duration (P=0.0026), use of indwelling urinary catheter (P= 0.0014), and history of antibiotic treatment (P = 0.0019). Conclusion: The prevalence of MDR K. pneumoniae was higher in immunocompromised patients, and its occurrence was associated with a longer length of stay, prolonged infection, catheter use, and a history of antibiotic treatment.

Highlights:

73.1% of K. pneumoniae isolates were multidrug-resistant.
MDR linked to longer hospital stays, catheter use, and prior antibiotics.
Serious concern for treating UTIs in vulnerable patients.

Keywords: Multidrug Resistance, Klebsiella Pneumoniae, Urinary Tract Infection, Immunocompromised Patients, Antibiotic Resistance

HEART Framework Evaluation of M-Paspor User Experience

Novita Ramadayanti — 2025-05-28

General Background: In the era of digital transformation, the success of public service applications depends significantly on user experience (UX). Specific Background: The M-Paspor application by the Directorate General of Immigration Indonesia was developed to streamline passport services but suffers from low public ratings and recurring user complaints. Knowledge Gap: Despite its potential, comprehensive UX metrics that consider both functional and emotional dimensions have not systematically evaluated the application. Aims: This study aims to assess the usability of the M-Paspor application using the HEART Framework, which evaluates five key dimensions: Happiness, Engagement, Adoption, Retention, and Task Success. Results: From 100 user responses, the application scored high in Engagement (0.75), Retention (0.71), Happiness (0.66), and Adoption (0.64), but only medium in Task Success (0.57). Three dimensions did not meet the 70% usability target, revealing critical shortcomings in interface design, onboarding guidance, and payment or scheduling features. Novelty: This research applies the HEART Framework as a stand-alone evaluative tool to systematically diagnose user experience issues in a government mobile application. Implications: The findings offer actionable recommendations to improve M-Paspor’s usability and provide a replicable model for evaluating other public digital services.

Highlights:

1. Engagement scored highest at 0.75 usability level.

2. Task Success dimension did not meet the target.

3. Design, guidance, and access features require improvement.

Keywords: HEART Framework, M-Paspor, Usability, User Experience, Public Service App

Prediction of Kidney Failure and Cancer Insurance Claims with Bayesian MCMC

Nirmala Ayuningtyas — 2025-07-14

General Background: Health insurance plays a crucial role in mitigating the financial risks of catastrophic illnesses. Specific Background: In Indonesia, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cancer contribute significantly to the burden of BPJS Health claims, with rising costs reported in recent years. Knowledge Gap: Existing claim estimation models often fail to capture the uncertainty and variability inherent in real-world data. Aims: This study aims to develop a Bayesian model with a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach to accurately estimate insurance claims for CKD and cancer. Results: Using 2021–2024 data from RSUP Dr. Soeradji Tirtonegoro Klaten, the model successfully estimated outpatient CKD claims at 1649.29 (SD = 19.82) and outpatient cancer claims at 147.68 (SD = 10.18). All model diagnostics indicate strong convergence and accuracy (R-hat = 1.0, ESS > 5000). Novelty: This research applies MCMC-based Bayesian inference with various prior settings (informative to non-informative) and demonstrates robust posterior prediction under different assumptions. Implications: The model provides a credible framework for insurance risk management, improving claim prediction and fiscal planning for health providers and insurers, particularly in managing high-cost diseases within the national health system.
Highlight :

The Bayesian MCMC model produced accurate and stable estimates of kidney failure and cancer claims (R-hat = 1.0, ESS > 5000).
Sensitivity analysis showed the results remained stable despite different priors, indicating a robust model.
The best prediction in outpatient CKD (MAPE 5.15%), but less accurate in outpatient cancer (MAPE 50.26%).

Keywords : Bayes, Claims, MCMC, PyMC, Python

EEG Schizophrenia Classification with Comparison of Three Machine Learning Algorithms

Elizabeth Juli Angelina Saragi — 2025-07-16

General Background: Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder affecting millions globally, requiring improved diagnostic methods. Specific Background: EEG signals have emerged as promising biomarkers for schizophrenia classification through machine learning. Knowledge Gap: Despite prior advances, no systematic comparison of key machine learning algorithms—Logistic Regression, Random Forest, and Decision Tree—using EEG data for schizophrenia classification has been conducted. Aims: This study aims to compare the performance of these three algorithms in classifying schizophrenia from EEG signals using a dataset of 1932 samples. Results: Random Forest achieved the highest classification accuracy (86%) and AUC (0.912), outperforming Logistic Regression (accuracy 82%, AUC 0.865) and Decision Tree (accuracy 81%, AUC 0.871). Novelty: Unlike previous studies, this research provides a comprehensive algorithmic comparison using EEG-derived features, integrating feature importance, calibration, learning curves, and statistical tests. Implications: The findings establish Random Forest as a robust classifier for EEG-based schizophrenia detection, offering a foundation for developing clinically relevant, cloud-based diagnostic support tools that can facilitate early detection and personalized treatment planning in mental health care.
Highlight :

Random Forest achieved the highest accuracy and AUC in schizophrenia classification.
EEG data were processed using STFT, Wavelet Transform, and Band Power features.
Comparison of three algorithms offers a systematic basis for clinical application.

Keywords : Machine Learning Classification, Random Forest, Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, Learning Curve

Comparison of Logistic Regression and Support Vector Machine Algorithm Performance in Heart Failure Prediction

Afrahul Hidayah Siregar — 2025-07-22

General Background: Heart failure remains a global health concern due to its high prevalence and mortality rates. Specific Background: In Indonesia, heart disease ranks as a leading cause of death, emphasizing the need for reliable predictive tools. Knowledge Gap: Despite the availability of machine learning algorithms, limited studies provide a comparative evaluation using updated clinical datasets in the Indonesian context. Aims: This study aims to compare the performance of Logistic Regression and Support Vector Machine (SVM) in predicting heart failure. Results: Using a dataset of 918 samples and rigorous preprocessing, SVM achieved 90% accuracy with an AUC of 0.93, outperforming Logistic Regression, which scored 88% accuracy and an AUC of 0.9304. SVM demonstrated superior sensitivity and robustness in handling non-linear data, while Logistic Regression offered better calibration for risk interpretation. Novelty: The study’s novelty lies in its integrated open-source pipeline, use of biomedical signal features, and statistical validation via McNemar’s test. Implications: These findings support the implementation of SVM in automated clinical decision systems for early heart failure detection, while highlighting Logistic Regression's value in interpretability-focused clinical settings.
Highlight :

SVM has higher accuracy and F1-score, indicating superior classification performance.
Logistic Regression remains superior in probability calibration, important for clinical risk interpretation.
Both models effectively support the development of machine learning-based health prediction systems.

Keywords : Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Heart Failure, Machine Learning Classification, Prediction Calibration

Sentiment Analysis and Complaint Patterns on GoFood Merchants Using Naïve Bayes and Apriori

Alfan Afiyudin — 2025-07-02

General Background: The rapid advancement of digital technology has catalyzed the proliferation of online service platforms, intensifying competition among providers to deliver optimal user experiences. Specific Background: In this landscape, food delivery services such as GoFood Merchant play a crucial role, yet user dissatisfaction remains a persistent challenge. Knowledge Gap: Despite the abundance of user-generated reviews, comprehensive sentiment and pattern analysis for GoFood Merchant remains limited, particularly in the integration of sentiment classification with pattern discovery and actionable recommendations. Aims: This study aims to analyze user sentiment toward the GoFood Merchant application using the Naïve Bayes algorithm and identify common complaint patterns via the Apriori algorithm, followed by solution formulation through the 5W+1H approach. Results: Utilizing 1,243 Play Store reviews, the sentiment classification model achieved an accuracy of 87%, indicating robust performance. Further analysis of negative reviews revealed five dominant keywords: “driver,” “order,” “aplikasi,” “resto,” and “iklan.” Novelty: The integration of sentiment analysis, association rule mining, and structured problem-solving provides a novel framework for understanding and addressing user dissatisfaction. Implications: The findings offer strategic insights for enhancing user experience and strengthening GoFood Merchant’s competitive advantage in the saturated online service marketplace.

Highlights:

Identifies dominant user complaints using data mining techniques.
Combines sentiment classification with complaint pattern discovery.
Provides actionable recommendations using the 5W+1H framework.

Keywords: Sentiment Analysis, Naïve Bayes, Apriori Algorithm, User Complaints, GoFood Merchant

Comparative Analysis of Wind Load Standards on Space Truss Structures

Mahesha Gani Tarigan — 2025-07-24

General Background: Structural design requires precise determination of loading, with wind load being a critical component that influences the safety and behavior of buildings. Specific Background: In Indonesia, wind load regulations have evolved significantly—from PPIUG 1983 to SNI 1727:2013 and the latest SNI 1727:2020—reflecting changes in building practices and meteorological understanding. Knowledge Gap: However, the comparative impact of these evolving standards on spatial truss structures remains insufficiently explored. Aims: This study investigates how the three standards affect wind load distribution and structural response in space trusses using ETABS software. Results: Findings reveal substantial differences, with SNI 1727:2020 producing the highest mid-span wind pressure (0.886 kN/m²), exceeding that of SNI 1727:2013 (0.546 kN/m²), due to the introduction of the elevation coefficient (Ke) and revisions in building categorization. Novelty: This research uniquely highlights how regulatory evolution introduces quantifiable changes in displacement, axial force behavior, and total structural weight. Implications: The study informs engineers and designers of the critical implications of standard selection, promoting better-informed structural safety and optimization decisions in modern Indonesian construction.

Highlights:

Highlights regulatory evolution from PPIUG 1983 to SNI 1727:2020.
Shows impact of new wind pressure coefficient (Ke) on design results.
Compares structural responses under different wind load standards.

Keywords: Wind Load, Space Truss, Structural Analysis, Indonesian Standards, ETABS

Optimization of Barrel Vault Space Frame Model for Earthquake Resistant Structure

Oloan Johanes Siregar — 2025-07-24

General Background: Long-span buildings are essential in accommodating wide, unobstructed interior spaces, commonly applied in structures such as stadiums and assembly halls. Specific Background: One effective structural system for such buildings is the space truss with barrel vault configurations, known for their strength and spatial efficiency. Knowledge Gap: However, limited comparative studies exist on the seismic performance and material efficiency of various barrel vault space truss models. Aims: This study aims to analyze and optimize seven barrel vault space truss models spanning 192 m by 120 m with a height of 50 m, focusing on earthquake load response and structural tonnage. Results: The analysis reveals that model 1 has the lowest base shear (V = 3142.50 kN) and structural tonnage, while model 6 exhibits the highest tonnage—62.24% heavier than model 1—and base shear of 4881.18 kN. Novelty: The study provides a comparative seismic performance assessment of large-span space truss models under identical geometric and loading conditions. Implications: These findings support the structural optimization of space trusses for earthquake-prone regions, offering practical insights for efficient and resilient long-span building design.

Highlights:

Highlights the efficiency of barrel vault space trusses in seismic conditions.
Compares seven models to determine the most optimal structure.
Emphasizes material savings through structural optimization.

Keywords: Space Truss, Earthquake Load, Structural Analysis, Barrel Vault, Optimization

Route Optimization Using Ant Colony for Three-Wheel Vehicle Delivery

Fitria Novitasari — 2025-07-24

General Background: Efficient distribution systems are essential in logistics, especially in geographically complex regions like Indonesia. Specific Background: PT. Sinar Genta Logistik distributes three-wheeled Viar motorcycles using double-deck trucks but has not yet optimized its delivery routes. Knowledge Gap: Although the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) method has been widely applied in solving distribution problems, its application in routing three-wheeled vehicle shipments with fleet capacity constraints using real industry data is limited. Aims: This study aims to optimize delivery routes to reduce travel distance and improve route allocation by applying the ACO algorithm. Results: Using Python programming on Google Colab, the ACO method reduced the total travel distance from 1,849.8 km to 1,556.5 km—a reduction of 293.3 km or 15.86%. The new routing model reorganized deliveries into six vehicle routes adjusted to truck capacity. Novelty: The research applies ACO specifically for the distribution of Viar three-wheeled vehicles with real-world data, integrating Google Maps-based routing and considering capacity constraints. Implications: The findings offer a practical solution for logistics firms to decrease operational distance and adopt algorithm-based distribution strategies for cost efficiency and timely deliveries.

Highlights:

ACO reduced total delivery distance by 15.86%.
Delivery restructured into six efficient routes.
Uses real company data and Python-based ACO.

Keywords: Ant Colony Optimization, Vehicle Routing Problem, Logistics, Fleet Capacity, Viar

Optimizing Waste Management Through Multilevel Community Participation

Widya Handini — 2025-07-24

General Background: Waste management is a growing urban challenge, particularly in areas experiencing continuous population growth. Specific Background: Sungailiat City faces escalating waste-related issues exacerbated by limited community engagement. Knowledge Gap: Although government programs rely heavily on public participation, there is limited understanding of how effectively communities engage across the different stages of waste policy implementation. Aims: This study aims to analyze the current state of waste management in Sungailiat City and assess the level of community participation in implementing relevant policies. Results: Using a qualitative descriptive approach, the research identifies four levels of participation—decision-making, program implementation, utilization of results, and evaluation—occurring inconsistently across Bangka Regency. Novelty: The study reveals the fragmented and unsystematic nature of participation, evaluated using Cohen and Uphoff’s framework, highlighting a lack of integration across stages. Implications: To promote sustainable waste management, it is essential to institutionalize participatory mechanisms throughout policy cycles, enhance public awareness, and provide robust institutional support through improved infrastructure and regulatory frameworks that foster inclusive community involvement.

Highlights:

Community participation is crucial for effective waste policy execution.
Engagement remains fragmented across different policy stages.
Strong institutional support enhances sustainable waste solutions.

Keywords: Waste Management, Community Participation, Policy Implementation, Sustainable Development, Sungailiat City

Expressive Language of Poetry as a Means of Artistic Communication

Takhmina Kamiljonovna Akramova — 2025-05-22

General Background: Poetic language has long functioned as a distinctive form of artistic and emotional communication. Specific Background: Despite a detailed understanding of poetic techniques, there remains limited clarity about how these elements function as mechanisms of communication and artistic evolution. Knowledge Gap: Existing studies often overlook the specific communicative structures and socio-aesthetic functions that enable poetry to mediate individual and collective experiences. Aims: This study investigates the expressive language of poetry as a communicative tool, analyzing how metaphor, symbolism, sound, rhythm, and ambiguity shape artistic discourse. Results: Through interdisciplinary methods combining literary theory, linguistics, and cultural criticism, the study demonstrates that poetry communicates multilayered meanings—emotional, intellectual, and political—beyond what practical language can convey. Novelty: By positioning poetic language not merely as aesthetic ornamentation but as a structured communicative system, this research offers a reconceptualization of poetry’s function within art and society. Implications: The findings affirm poetry's role in cultural transmission and identity formation, reinforcing its relevance as a dynamic medium for articulating complex human realities and fostering societal cohesion.

Highlight :

Metaphor and Symbolism: Poetry uses metaphor and symbolism to express deep emotional and intellectual ideas, creating shared understanding.
Sound and Rhythm: The auditory elements of poetry enhance emotional impact and mirror human thought patterns.
Ambiguity: Poetic language thrives on open interpretation, allowing diverse personal and cultural meanings.

Keywords : Metaphor, Symbolism, Poetic Language, Communication, Rhythm

Media Framing of the ‘Barking Student’ Case in the National News of Kompas.com and Tempo.co

Zaskia Firyal Rachman — 2025-06-30

General Background: In the digital age, online media significantly shape public perception, particularly on social issues like bullying. Specific Background: The case of a high school student coerced into barking by a parent drew national attention, highlighting divergent media narratives. Knowledge Gap: Despite growing media coverage of bullying, limited research has examined how different news platforms frame the same incident. Aims: This study investigates how Kompas.com and Tempo.co framed the "barking student" case using Robert N. Entman’s framing model. Results: Kompas.com employed an empathetic frame emphasizing child protection and psychological impact, while Tempo.co adopted a legalistic frame spotlighting law enforcement and institutional response. Novelty: By comparing two prominent Indonesian media outlets, this study reveals how contrasting journalistic orientations construct divergent social realities from a single event. Implications: The findings underscore the media’s role in agenda setting and the ethical responsibility of news platforms in shaping public discourse on sensitive issues like bullying.
Highlight :

The study highlights contrasting framing strategies used by Kompas.com (empathetic) and Tempo.co (legalistic) in reporting the same bullying case.
It applies Robert N. Entman’s framing model, showing how different media define problems, assign causes, make moral judgments, and suggest solutions.
The research underscores the power of media in shaping public perception and constructing different social realities from a single incident.

Keywords : Media Framing, Bullying, Kompas.com, Tempo.co, Entman Framing Theory

Development of ESD E-Modules for Students' Ecoliteracy and Critical Thinking

Diki Akmal Wildan — 2025-07-08

General Background: The integration of technology into education has revolutionized learning, enabling more interactive, flexible, and student-centered approaches. Specific Background: However, the use of E-Modules to foster ecological literacy and critical thinking within the framework of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) remains underexplored. Knowledge Gap: Despite ESD's alignment with Indonesia’s Merdeka curriculum, empirical evidence on E-Modules addressing ESD objectives is limited, especially at the elementary level. Aims: This study aims to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of an ESD-based E-Module focused on preserving local natural resources in enhancing elementary students’ ecoliteracy and critical thinking. Results: Utilizing the ADDIE model within a pre-experimental design, the E-Module demonstrated high validation scores from experts (average 97.5%), strong student (83%) and teacher (82%) responses, and a high N-Gain score (0.706) for both ecoliteracy and critical thinking improvements. Novelty: The novelty lies in the contextual integration of local environmental content into a digital learning format grounded in ESD principles. Implications: The findings indicate that the E-Module is both effective and feasible, providing an innovative, sustainable tool for primary education that promotes critical environmental awareness and thinking skills from an early age.
Highlight :

E-Module development enhances student ecoliteracy and critical thinking using the ADDIE model.
Validation and N-Gain results show high effectiveness and feasibility for classroom use.
The innovation addresses the lack of ESD-integrated learning tools in elementary schools.

Keywords : E-Module, ESD, Ecoliteracy, Critical Thinking, Elementary Education

Perceptions of Educated Women Through the Lens of the Intellectual Class

Iqbal Kazim Issa — 2025-07-09

General Background: The mental image held by society’s educated class plays a pivotal role in shaping perceptions of women, especially in transitional democracies. Specific Background: In Iraq, where historical, cultural, and political contexts intersect, the representation of educated women remains complex and often contradictory. Knowledge Gap: Despite their increasing visibility, there is a lack of analytical studies that explore how the educated elite perceive their female counterparts. Aim: This research investigates the mental image of the educated Iraqi woman as perceived by the educated class, focusing on her electoral role, professional competence, cultural awareness, and concept of freedom. Results: The study reveals a nuanced perception—educated women are largely viewed as intellectually capable and socially resilient, yet still challenged by prevailing stereotypes and traditional norms. Novelty: By employing a descriptive-analytical method and drawing from literary and media representations, this study offers a multidimensional analysis rarely addressed in prior Iraqi scholarship. Implications: These findings provide insight for media, policymakers, and educators seeking to reform public narratives and support the advancement of women's roles in intellectual and civic life.

Highlights:

Highlights how educated elites shape perceptions of women in Iraq.
Explores media and literature's role in constructing gendered images.
Offers insights for policy and narrative reform in transitional societies.

Keywords: Educated Women, Mental Image, Iraqi Intellectuals, Gender Representation, Media Influence

Tourist Satisfaction Determined by Amenities and Additional Services

Rabiatul Adawiyah — 2025-07-23

General Background: Cultural heritage tourism plays a vital role in supporting local economies and preserving identity, particularly in historically rich areas like Indonesia. Specific Background: The Siak Palace in Riau Province, as a living heritage site from the Malay Kingdom, holds strong potential as a cultural destination but faces challenges in optimizing visitor satisfaction. Knowledge Gap: Previous studies have not simultaneously analyzed the influence of the 4A components (Attraction, Accessibility, Amenities, Ancillary Services) on visitor satisfaction at Malay heritage destinations. Aims: This study investigates the effect of the 4A destination components on tourist satisfaction at the Siak Palace using a quantitative approach. Results: Based on responses from 400 visitors and SmartPLS 4.0 analysis, amenities and ancillary services significantly influenced satisfaction (p < 0.001), while attractions had a smaller positive effect (p = 0.035), and accessibility showed no significant impact (p = 0.408). Novelty: The study applies a robust sample size and advanced SEM-PLS analysis to a culturally specific heritage site, offering empirical insight into underexplored tourism dynamics. Implications: The findings highlight the need to improve facilities and complementary services over transport infrastructure to enhance tourist experiences and sustain heritage-based tourism in Siak.
Highlight :

This study shows that amenity and ancillary services have the strongest influence on tourist satisfaction at Siak Palace.
Accessibility is not significant to satisfaction, indicating that the role of public transportation is not optimal in supporting visits.
This study uses a quantitative approach based on SEM-PLS with a large sample (400 respondents), providing strong empirical validity.

Keywords : Attraction, Accessibility, Amenities, Ancillary Services, Tourist Satisfaction

TikTok Videos Support Students’ Vocabulary Mastery in Junior High School

Tria Miranda — 2025-07-01

General Background: Vocabulary mastery is essential for language proficiency, yet many junior high school students in Indonesia struggle with vocabulary acquisition. Specific Background: Traditional, textbook-based methods often fail to engage Generation Z learners, prompting the need for innovative, tech-integrated pedagogies. Knowledge Gap: While prior studies have explored social media for language learning, few have examined TikTok’s effectiveness in formal junior high school contexts in Indonesia. Aims: This study investigates the impact of TikTok-based instruction on vocabulary mastery among seventh-grade students at SMP Muhammadiyah Pagaralam. Results: Using a quasi-experimental design, the study revealed that the experimental group, taught with TikTok videos, significantly outperformed the control group in vocabulary post-tests, with a mean improvement of 44.83 points compared to 29.33 points. Novelty: Unlike prior research focused on university settings or informal learning, this study applies TikTok pedagogically within a structured junior high school environment, demonstrating its potential beyond entertainment. Implications: The findings suggest that integrating TikTok into English instruction enhances student engagement, retention, and confidence, offering a viable alternative to conventional methods and encouraging educators to embrace digital platforms aligned with students’ media habits.
Highlight :

TikTok-based instruction significantly improved students' vocabulary mastery compared to traditional methods, showing higher post-test scores and engagement.
Students in the experimental group demonstrated greater motivation and retention, aided by interactive, visual, and auditory content from TikTok videos.
The study supports integrating social media into formal education, offering practical benefits in language learning and suggesting broader pedagogical applications.

Keywords : TikTok, Vocabulary Mastery, Language Learning, English Education, Junior High School

Webtoon Comic Improves Eighth Graders' Mystery Text Comprehension

Dhea Dwiastuti — 2025-07-02

General Background: Reading comprehension is essential for junior high students to engage meaningfully with English texts, especially narrative genres. Specific Background: Mystery narratives, while rich in linguistic features and critical thinking opportunities, often pose challenges due to students’ lack of interest and engagement. Knowledge Gap: While digital media like comics have been explored in language learning, limited research addresses the use of Webtoon specifically for teaching mystery narrative texts in rural educational settings. Aims: This study investigates the effectiveness of using Webtoon comics as a digital medium to improve reading comprehension among eighth-grade students at MTs Negeri 2 Empat Lawang. Results: Using a quasi-experimental design with pre- and post-tests, findings showed the experimental group taught with Webtoon outperformed the control group, achieving a significant gain (mean = 72.36 vs. 67.02; t = 3.454, p = 0.001). Novelty: This research uniquely integrates mystery narrative texts with digital storytelling tools in a rural Indonesian context, targeting specific comprehension skills such as inference and reference. Implications: The findings suggest that digital comics like Webtoon enhance student motivation and comprehension, offering a promising pedagogical strategy aligned with students’ digital habits and literacy development.
Highlight :

Webtoon comics effectively improve students’ reading comprehension, especially in understanding mystery narrative texts.
Statistical analysis confirms a significant difference in post-test scores between experimental and control groups.
Digital media integration enhances engagement and supports comprehension through visual storytelling.

Keywords : Webtoon Comic, Reading Comprehension, Mystery Narrative, Digital Literacy, Educational Technology

Psychological Analysis of the Main Characters in the Novel In the Land of Pepper by Ziggy Zezsyazeoviennazabrizkie

Noval Selpiansyah — 2025-07-01

Literature serves as a medium for expressing psychological realities, particularly through characters shaped by trauma and emotional struggle. Specifically, Ziggy Zezsyazeoviennazabrizkie’s In the Land of Pepper portrays the inner world of Salva, a child enduring neglect and domestic violence, whose psychological conflicts reflect broader societal issues. Despite existing studies on literary psychology, few have focused on Indonesian novels that depict childhood trauma using Freud's psychoanalytic theory. This study aims to analyze the protagonist’s psychological condition through Freud’s structural model—Id, Ego, and Superego—complemented by Jungian symbols and Eriksonian psychosocial theory. Results indicate Salva employs defense mechanisms such as denial, repression, and fantasy projection to navigate trauma, with the “land of pepper” functioning as a symbolic refuge. The novelty lies in the integrative psychoanalytic approach applied to a contemporary Indonesian text, highlighting the character’s fragmented psyche and imaginative resilience. Implications include the potential for literature to foster emotional literacy and trauma awareness in educational settings, as well as providing a foundation for further interdisciplinary research between literature and psychology.
Highlight :

The study analyzes the inner psychological struggles of the protagonist using Freud’s Id, Ego, and Superego.
Childhood trauma and emotional neglect form the core of Salva’s development and coping mechanisms.
Literature is presented as a medium for psychological reflection and emotional education through character exploration.

Keywords : Literary Psychology, Main Character, Inner Conflict, Trauma, Ziggy Zezsyazeoviennazabrizkie

RIDER Strategy Promotes Critical Comprehension of Narrative Texts in Junior High

Lira Meista — 2025-07-02

General Background: Reading comprehension is a fundamental skill that underpins academic success in language learning. Specific Background: Many Indonesian junior high school students struggle with understanding narrative texts due to limited vocabulary and surface-level reading strategies. Knowledge Gap: Despite prior studies on metacognitive strategies, few have used quasi-experimental designs to evaluate structured strategies like RIDER in South Sumatra. Aims: This study investigated the effectiveness of the Read, Imagine, Describe, Evaluate, and Repeat (RIDER) strategy in improving narrative text comprehension among eighth-grade students at SMP Negeri 1 Muara Pinang. Results: Using a quasi-experimental design with pre- and post-tests, the study revealed that students taught with the RIDER strategy demonstrated greater improvements in reading comprehension, particularly in main ideas, vocabulary, and inference, compared to those taught conventionally. Novelty: This research is among the first in the region to quantitatively compare RIDER with traditional methods using statistical analyses, providing robust evidence of its pedagogical value. Implications: Findings suggest that integrating RIDER into English instruction can foster critical thinking, deeper engagement, and improved comprehension, offering practical guidance for educators aiming to enhance literacy outcomes in narrative reading.
Highlight :

The RIDER strategy significantly improved students' comprehension, especially in identifying main ideas, vocabulary, and inferences.
The experimental group showed greater gains than the control group, though the difference was not statistically significant in the independent t-test.
The strategy promotes critical thinking and active engagement, making it a promising tool for teaching narrative texts.

Keywords : Reading Comprehension, Narrative Text, RIDER Strategy, Junior High School, English Language Learning

Instrumental Drives in English Learning Among Non-English Majors

Nuria Anjelina — 2025-07-01

General Background: Motivation is a fundamental factor influencing success in foreign language learning, especially in contexts where English is a secondary academic subject. Specific Background: In Indonesia, non-English major students in smaller teacher training institutions often receive less attention in language motivation research. Knowledge Gap: Previous studies have largely focused on English majors or students from urban universities, leaving a lack of insight into motivation among non-English majors in peripheral regions. Aim: This study investigates the types and factors of English learning motivation among non-English major students at STKIP Muhammadiyah Pagar Alam. Results: Using a mixed-methods approach, findings reveal that most students demonstrate high extrinsic motivation—such as academic and career goals—while a smaller group, mainly from the Indonesian Language Education program, also show intrinsic interests like cultural appreciation and personal enjoyment. Novelty: This research highlights motivation dynamics in an underrepresented population, offering context-specific insights beyond mainstream university settings. Implications: The results suggest that English instruction in similar institutions should be tailored to students' dominant motivational drivers, using student-centered methods and digital tools to foster engagement and overcome learning anxieties.
Highlight :

Non-English major students are generally motivated to learn English, mostly due to instrumental reasons like academic and career goals.
Intrinsic motivation is more common among Indonesian Language students, who show interest in English media and global culture.
Supportive learning environments—with interactive methods and digital tools—can boost motivation and reduce learning barriers.

Keywords : English Learning, Motivation, Non-English Major Students, Integrative Motivation, Instrumental Motivation

RADEC Model in IPAS Learning Outcomes of Fifth Grade Students

Layla Najma Nurfand — 2025-07-09

General Background: The RADEC (Read, Answer, Discuss, Explain, and Create) learning model has gained attention as an innovative approach aligned with 21st-century skills. Specific Background: In SDN Susukan 04 Pagi, low IPAS learning outcomes—particularly on the topic of light and the human eye—highlight the need for more effective instructional strategies. Knowledge Gap: Previous studies on RADEC have mostly addressed narrative or procedural topics and rarely focused on higher-order thinking in abstract scientific content. Aims: This study aims to examine the effect of the RADEC learning model on fifth-grade students’ cognitive outcomes in IPAS. Results: Using a quasi-experimental design with 62 students, findings show that the experimental group, taught using RADEC, scored significantly higher than the control group, with a mean N-Gain of 0.53 (moderate category), compared to 0.24 (low category) in the control group. Novelty: This study applies RADEC to a scientific topic requiring deep conceptual understanding, targeting higher-order cognitive levels (C4–C6). Implications: The results confirm that RADEC improves IPAS learning outcomes and supports its relevance for elementary education, particularly within the framework of the Merdeka Curriculum and differentiated learning.
Highlight :

RADEC model improves IPAS learning outcomes, especially in higher-order thinking skills (C4–C6).
The study shows increased student mastery using RADEC compared to conventional models.
RADEC supports active, creative, and student-centered learning aligned with the Merdeka Curriculum.

Keywords : RADEC, IPAS, Learning Outcomes, Fifth Grade Students, HOTS

Inclusive Education Model in Special Needs Friendly Secondary Schools

Ali Fauzi — 2025-07-09

Abstract
Inclusive education aims to create equitable and supportive learning environments for all students, including those with special needs (SEN). At the secondary school level, the implementation of inclusive practices presents more complex challenges compared to primary education, such as diverse learning needs and the risk of discrimination or bullying. Previous studies have primarily focused on primary education or curricular aspects, with limited attention to adaptive and contextual service models suitable for secondary schools. This article seeks to explore and describe a student-friendly inclusive education model through the integration of cluster and pull-out approaches, combined with community-based anti-bullying strategies. The findings indicate that combining cluster and pull-out models provides flexible and adaptive learning spaces while maintaining opportunities for SEN students to engage in social interactions within regular classrooms. This strategy is further strengthened by the use of Individualized Education Programs (IEP) and alignment with the Universal Design for Learning (UDL) framework. The study proposes a conceptual model that integrates service approaches, adaptive curricula, and social strategies to support the learning success of SEN students in secondary schools. These findings offer practical guidance for schools and policymakers in promoting fair, inclusive, and stigma-free secondary education.
Highlight :

Dual Strategy Approach: Combines cluster and pull-out models to support learning needs of students with disabilities in inclusive classrooms.
Contextual Adaptation: Emphasizes the need for flexible strategies in secondary schools due to the complexity of adolescent development.
Global Alignment: Integrates Universal Design for Learning (UDL) and Index for Inclusion to meet international standards in inclusive education.

Keywords : Inclusive Education, Secondary School, Special Needs Students, Cluster Model, Pull-Out Strategy

School Quality Culture as a Means of Shaping Students' Morals

Veninda Ramadhan — 2025-07-15

General Background: Education plays a vital role in shaping students’ morality, supported not only by curriculum but also by the school’s cultural environment. Specific Background: Amid declining educational quality and increased moral issues such as student absenteeism and disrespectful behavior, schools need systematic approaches to character development. Knowledge Gap: Existing studies often focus on religious teachers' roles, overlooking the collective effort of all school members through a structured quality culture. Aims: This study investigates the implementation of school quality culture in shaping student morality at SMP Negeri 1 Masaran. Results: Using a qualitative case study approach, the findings reveal that moral improvement is fostered through habitual programs such as the "10 Budaya Malu," leadership modeling, consistent policy implementation, and involvement of all school elements. Novelty: Unlike prior research focusing on individual roles, this study emphasizes a whole-school approach that integrates quality culture as a systemic strategy for moral education. Implications: The success of moral development in schools requires collaborative participation from school leaders, educators, staff, students, and the broader community to establish a sustainable, value-oriented school environment.
Highlight :

Quality culture in schools shapes student character through consistent behavioral reinforcement.
The principal's leadership and teacher role modeling are crucial in moral development.
The "10 Budaya Malu" program fosters self-awareness and ethical behavior among students.

Keywords : Quality Culture, Morals, Character Education, School Environment, Educational Leadership

Diversity of Santri Typology in Tahfidz House Education

Ade Ilfah — 2025-07-15

General Background: The rapid growth of Rumah Tahfidz as non-formal Islamic educational institutions in Indonesia, especially in Medan, reflects increasing public interest in early religious education based on Qur’anic memorization. Specific Background: Despite the proliferation of these institutions, there is limited research focusing on the diversity of student characteristics, or tipologi santri, particularly in urban contexts like Medan. Knowledge Gap: Existing studies have largely emphasized teaching methods and institutional management, leaving a gap in understanding the classification and needs of students based on their socio-economic and motivational backgrounds. Aims: This study aims to identify and analyze the typologies of students in Rumah Tahfidz and examine the social, economic, and personal motivation factors influencing their learning profiles. Results: Using a qualitative multi-site approach at Daarul Uswah and Al-Munif, the research identified five main typologies: academic santri, fast memorizers, highly committed learners, progressing beginners, and socially driven religious santri, each with distinct characteristics and learning needs. Novelty: The study introduces a typological classification specific to urban Rumah Tahfidz settings and integrates sociological and educational theories to explain student diversity. Implications: Findings offer practical insights for tailoring Qur’anic memorization programs to student profiles, promoting more inclusive and effective pedagogical strategies in non-formal Islamic education.
Highlight :

Identifies diverse santri typologies shaped by social, economic, and motivational factors.
Emphasizes the need for tailored educational strategies based on student characteristics.
Highlights Rumah Tahfidz’s role in character building and non-formal Islamic learning.

Keywords : Typology of Santri, Rumah Tahfidz, Islamic Education, Tahfidz Al-Qur'an, Medan City

Opportunities and Challenges of Holistic Education in Secondary Schools

Silwana Mumthaza — 2025-07-16

General Background: Holistic education has emerged as a promising pedagogical approach that addresses not only cognitive development but also emotional, social, physical, and spiritual dimensions of learners. Specific Background: In the dynamic context of 21st-century education, this model is seen as essential in shaping students' character and competence, particularly at the secondary level. Knowledge Gap: However, prior research has focused primarily on conceptual discussions or early education settings, with limited analysis of its practical implementation and sustainability in secondary schools. Aims: This study aims to systematically review the opportunities and challenges of implementing holistic education at the secondary level and to offer evidence-based recommendations for its strategic development. Results: Using the PRISMA method with 69 selected Scopus-indexed articles, the study identified core challenges such as lack of policy support, insufficient infrastructure, digitalization barriers, and teacher readiness, while also highlighting key opportunities including enhanced spirituality, environmental literacy, and inclusive curriculum design. Novelty: This research provides a comprehensive mapping of holistic education through Miller's framework, emphasizing diagnostic tools and multicultural adaptability. Implications: The findings inform policymakers and educators about effective strategies to implement sustainable holistic education, promoting students’ multidimensional growth in response to global and technological shifts.
Highlight :

Holistic education emphasizes emotional, social, physical, and spiritual development of students.
Implementation faces challenges such as policy gaps, teacher readiness, and limited infrastructure.
Requires strategic design, inclusive support, and adaptation to modern educational dynamics.

Keywords : Education, Holistic, Student, Curriculum Policy, Secondary Education

Implementation of the Pancasila Learner Profile Strengthening Project in Elementary Schools

Ghefira Azka Ainun Nisa — 2025-07-16

General Background: Indonesia’s transition to the Merdeka Curriculum aims to address declining educational quality, as reflected in PISA 2019 scores and post-pandemic learning losses. Specific Background: One hallmark of this curriculum is the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project (P5), which promotes cross-disciplinary learning to foster character and 21st-century skills. Knowledge Gap: Prior research has centered on policy-level analysis, with limited empirical studies exploring real implementation of P5 in rural elementary schools, especially regarding internal barriers and school-specific dynamics. Aim: This study examines the implementation, obstacles, and outcomes of P5 at SDN 183/II Sumber Mulya using a mixed-methods approach involving 7 teachers and 15 students. Results: Teacher participation scored 83.29%, while student participation reached 73.59%, indicating a gap in readiness and understanding. Major barriers include limited digital literacy, inadequate training, and teacher workload. Nonetheless, the project yielded tangible products, character development, and improved skills. Novelty: The study highlights localized, contextual analysis of P5 in a rural setting through triangulated qualitative and quantitative data—an approach rarely used in similar studies. Implications: Findings emphasize the need for targeted support, such as community-based learning strategies and local resource utilization, to ensure inclusive and sustainable P5 implementation aligned with national character-building goals.
Highlight :

Implementation Gap: Teachers show higher readiness and understanding (83.29%) than students (73.59%) in P5 execution.
Key Obstacles: Major issues include limited digital skills, lack of training, and high teacher workload.
Practical Outcomes: P5 results in character growth, tangible products, and enhanced student skills.

Keywords : P5 Implementation, Teacher Obstacles, Student Participation, Project Outcomes, Elementary Context

The Millennial Fathers' Role in Parenting between Tradition and Equality

Tisya Permatasari — 2025-07-17

General Background: Traditional patriarchal norms in Indonesian society have long dictated gendered parenting roles, positioning fathers primarily as providers. Specific Background: However, since the early 2000s, digitalization, shifting family structures, and national gender equality discourse have catalyzed changes in paternal involvement. Knowledge Gap: Despite increasing awareness, few studies comprehensively explore how Indonesian millennial fathers reconcile traditional masculinity with modern parenting expectations in diverse cultural contexts. Aims: This study investigates the evolving parenting roles of millennial fathers amid the cultural tension between traditional norms and contemporary gender equality values. Results: Findings indicate a significant increase in fathers’ emotional and physical engagement in child-rearing, though role strain persists due to lingering patriarchal pressures and inadequate policy support. Novelty: This study offers a nuanced synthesis by integrating sociological and psychological perspectives, mapping out identity negotiations, and examining structural and cultural enablers and barriers for millennial fathers. Implications: The research highlights the necessity for structural reforms and inclusive policy frameworks that support father involvement as a norm, thereby advancing equitable family dynamics and child well-being within Indonesia’s shifting sociocultural landscape.
Highlight :

Millennial fathers in Indonesia are increasingly involved in emotional and daily caregiving, negotiating between traditional masculinity and modern egalitarian ideals.
Role strain often emerges due to conflicting expectations between cultural norms and evolving gender roles.
Social media and national policies play a vital role in supporting and reshaping paternal engagement in childcare.

Keywords : Millennial Fathers, Parenting Roles, Gender Equality, Patriarchal Culture, Role Strain

The Role of Digital Da'wah in Alpha Generation Character Education

Reva Ananda Rudiana — 2025-07-17

General Background: The rapid advancement of digital technology has transformed communication, education, and religious outreach, particularly affecting younger generations immersed in digital platforms. Specific Background: Generation Alpha, born into a fully digital environment, demonstrates unique behavioral and learning patterns that differ significantly from previous cohorts, requiring new approaches in moral and character education. Knowledge Gap: While many studies have explored digital literacy and character education for Generation Z, few have specifically addressed the Alpha generation in relation to digital da'wah as a medium for Islamic character development. Aim: This study investigates the role of digital da'wah in shaping the character of Generation Alpha through content on platforms like TikTok and YouTube. Results: Findings reveal that digital da'wah significantly contributes to internalizing Islamic values such as faith, discipline, and social responsibility among Generation Alpha, using appealing and contextualized multimedia content. Novelty: This research uniquely integrates Islamic educational values with digital communication strategies tailored to Generation Alpha, highlighting the synergy between moral instruction and modern technology. Implications: The study emphasizes the importance of creative digital strategies in religious education and calls for collaborative roles from educators, parents, and digital content creators to foster holistic character formation in the digital era.
Highlight :

Digital da’wah effectively integrates Islamic values into the character education of Generation Alpha.
Social media platforms like TikTok and YouTube serve as strategic tools for moral learning.
Parental and educator involvement is essential for guiding ethical digital engagement.

Keywords : Digital Da'wah, Alpha Generation, Character Education, Islamic Values, Technology

Low Cost Travel Packages Drive Domestic Tourism Growth in Uzbekistan

Khusen Ibargimov — 2025-05-22

Background: Domestic tourism is increasingly recognized as a vital contributor to national economies, particularly in developing countries like Uzbekistan. Specific Background: Despite policy initiatives promoting internal travel, limited data exists on how affordable travel options shape domestic tourism behavior. Knowledge Gap: Little is known about the perceived accessibility and value of low-cost travel packages among Uzbekistani residents. Aims: This study aims to evaluate perceptions of low-cost travel packages and identify key factors associated with their appeal to domestic tourists. Results: Based on a mixed-methods approach involving 37 online survey respondents and statistical analysis using SPSS, the study finds that perceptions of value-for-money are significantly shaped by travel frequency and the quality of customer service. Novelty: The research uniquely combines quantitative and qualitative evidence to illuminate how localized, budget-friendly travel options influence domestic tourism patterns in a Central Asian context. Implications: The findings suggest that to stimulate domestic tourism growth, stakeholders should prioritize promotional strategies, raise public awareness, and develop tailored, affordable travel packages for local residents. While the study's small sample limits generalizability, it provides a foundational basis for future research involving broader populations to validate and expand upon these insights.

Highlights:

Value perception is shaped by travel frequency and service quality.
Custom low-cost packages can boost local tourism participation.
Small sample limits generalizability; broader studies are needed.

Keywords : Domestic Tourism, Uzbekistan, Customer Satisfaction, Travel Packages, Statistical Analysis

Evolving Legal Responsibilities and Challenges in Prosecuting Cybercrime Across Jurisdictions

Riyadh Hussain Taqi — 2025-04-29

General Background: In the digital age, cybercrime has emerged as a sophisticated and transnational threat, endangering global security, economic stability, and individual privacy. Specific Background: The rapid evolution of cyber-offenses challenges traditional legal frameworks, particularly in defining liability and proving criminal intent in virtual environments. Knowledge Gap: Despite ongoing reforms, there is limited clarity on how legal systems conceptualize and apply core criminal law principles such as actus reus and mens rea to cybercrime, particularly across diverse jurisdictions. Aims: This study investigates the evolving definitions of criminal responsibility in cybercrime, analyzes the adaptation of legal systems to digital threats, and explores the evidentiary challenges in proving guilt within cyberspace. Results: The findings confirm that while actus reus and mens rea remain applicable, their interpretation in digital contexts becomes significantly complex. Key challenges include jurisdictional disputes, offender anonymity, and digital evidence admissibility. Novelty: Through doctrinal and comparative legal research, this study presents a multi-jurisdictional analysis spanning the U.S., E.U., Asia, and the Middle East, offering a comprehensive perspective on legal convergence in addressing cybercrime. Implications: Legal systems must innovate by enacting precise cybercrime statutes, investing in digital forensic capabilities, enhancing professional education, and fostering global legal harmonization to ensure effective cyber justice.

Highlights:

Redefining Crime Elements: Adapting actus reus and mens rea digitally.
Legal Reform Needed: Update laws, boost digital investigation capacity.
Global Coordination Required: Harmonize international laws for cybercrime enforcement.

Keywords: Cybercrime, Criminal Responsibility, Digital Evidence, Comparative Law, Legal Reform

Integration of Local and Universal Values in Indonesian Criminal Law Reform

Abdul Wahid — 2025-07-23

General Background: The reform of Indonesia’s criminal law has culminated in the enactment of Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023, which introduces a new Criminal Code (KUHP) reflective of both domestic values and international principles. Specific Background: Indonesia’s previous criminal legislation, a legacy of Dutch colonial law, often failed to accommodate the nation’s socio-cultural diversity and evolving legal landscape. Knowledge Gap: Despite its significance, limited scholarly analysis has been conducted on how the new KUHP integrates local customary norms with universal legal principles. Aims: This study aims to analyze the integration of local and universal values within the new KUHP and assess their implications for Indonesia’s legal identity and justice system. Results: The findings reveal that the KUHP explicitly accommodates indigenous norms within its judicial framework, enabling more substantive justice. It also strengthens Indonesia’s legal stance globally by upholding universal principles such as legality and territoriality. Novelty: The research highlights the dual harmonization of normative systems—customary and international—in a unified penal code, a distinctive move in contemporary legal reform. Implications: This integration fosters a more inclusive and culturally responsive legal system, reinforcing Indonesia’s sovereign legal identity while aligning with international legal standards.

Highlights:

Reflects synergy between indigenous norms and international legal standards.
Enhances legal relevance to Indonesian cultural context.
Strengthens Indonesia’s role in transnational legal frameworks.

Keywords: Criminal Law Reform, Indonesian Legal System, Local Values, Universal Principles, KUHP 2023

Risk Factors of Preterm Labour Thi Qar Governorate Iraq

Izdihar Nsaif Ali — 2025-07-09

Background: Preterm birth, defined as delivery between 24 and 37 weeks of gestation, remains a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Specific Background: It can occur spontaneously or due to medical indications, with risk factors ranging from maternal age and infections to obstetric history. Knowledge Gap: Despite global recognition of these risks, limited data exist on the specific contributing factors in localized hospital settings within developing regions. Aims: This study aimed to identify the predominant factors associated with preterm birth among pregnant women at Bint Huda Hospital. Results: Among 80 women who experienced preterm birth, the majority were aged 20–30 years (66.3%), had primary education (70%), and lived in urban areas (55%). Urinary tract infection emerged as the most significant risk factor (82.5%), followed by premature membrane rupture (27.5%), preeclampsia (25%), and a history of previous preterm birth (25%). Most participants were multiparous (63.8%) and had received good antenatal care (85%). Cesarean section was the dominant mode of delivery (60%). Novelty: This study highlights the prominence of infections, especially urinary tract infections, over traditionally emphasized factors like maternal age or multiple gestations. Implications: The findings underscore the importance of targeted infection prevention and antenatal surveillance to reduce preterm birth rates in similar populations.
Highlights:

Urinary tract infection is the most prevalent risk factor.
Most preterm births occurred in women with good antenatal care.
Cesarean section was the leading mode of delivery.

Keywords: Preterm Birth, Risk Factors, Urinary Tract Infection, Antenatal Care, Cesarean Delivery

Implementation of Tajribi, Burhani, Bayani, and 'Irfani Methods in Islamic Education Philosophy

Yuri Indri Yani — 2025-05-22

General Background: Epistemology, as a core branch of philosophy, critically examines the nature, sources, and limits of knowledge. Specific Background: Within the Islamic intellectual tradition, epistemology encompasses distinct methodologies—tajribi, burhani, bayani, and ‘irfani—each rooted in different epistemic frameworks. Knowledge Gap: However, comprehensive analyses of how these methods are implemented within the context of Islamic education philosophy remain limited. Aims: This study aims to explore the application of Islamic epistemological methods in the study of Islamic educational philosophy. Results: Through qualitative descriptive library research, the study finds that the tajribi (empirical) method is utilized to understand physical realities, the burhani (rational) method to grasp metaphysical concepts, the bayani (textual-interpretative) method to extract meaning from sacred texts, and the ‘irfani (intuitive-spiritual) method to attain inner truths through spiritual practice. Novelty: The study synthesizes these diverse epistemological approaches and delineates their respective educational domains, offering an integrated framework for understanding Islamic knowledge acquisition. Implications: These findings contribute to the broader discourse on Islamic education by highlighting the multidimensional nature of knowledge in Islamic thought and advocating for a balanced pedagogical model that accommodates empirical, rational, textual, and spiritual dimensions.

Highlights:

Distinct epistemological methods reflect diverse paths to knowledge in Islam.
Each method aligns with specific objects: material, rational, textual, or spiritual.
Integration of these methods enriches Islamic educational philosophy.

Keywords: Islamic Epistemology, Tajribi, Burhani, Bayani, ‘Irfani

Development of Independent Learning Skills Through the Electrical Teaching Program at Mifasol

Ni Putu Devira Ayu Martini — 2025-07-03

Independent learning has become a crucial competency in the digital era, especially in STEM fields, where adaptability and self-direction are essential. Specifically, underprivileged and out-of-school children face barriers in acquiring such skills due to limited access to formal education. While prior research explores project-based and collaborative learning in formal settings, there remains a knowledge gap in connecting informal community-based STEM programs to national curriculum goals for marginalized learners. This study aims to examine the development of independent learning skills through the Electrical Engineering Teaching Program (TEMA) at Rumah Belajar MiFasol, a community initiative targeting educational equity. Results from participatory observation, questionnaires, and interviews with 22 participants reveal that 63.6% found the program highly beneficial, 72.7% were actively engaged, and 90.9% desired future iterations. The novelty lies in TEMA’s alignment with the Indonesian National Curriculum in an informal context, integrating core competencies and practical STEM activities like the ice cream experiment to stimulate curiosity and critical thinking. The implications suggest that structured, informal educational interventions—rooted in national standards—can bridge educational disparities and cultivate learner autonomy among underserved populations.
Highlight :

Empowering Out-of-School Students: The Electro Teaching Program provides access to STEM education for underprivileged children, fostering independent learning and self-confidence.
Interactive and Practical Approach: Activities such as experiments and games make learning engaging and effective, aligning with national education standards.
Positive Impact and Feedback: Over 90% of participants expressed high satisfaction, showing strong interest in continuing the program.

Keywords : Education, Innovative Learning, STEM Program, Electro Teaching, Independent Learning

Implementing IoT-Based Smart Garden System at SMP Al Izhar

Yosy Rahmawati — 2025-07-03

General Background: The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technology in agriculture presents new opportunities for sustainable practices and hands-on education. Specific Background: However, its implementation in junior high school curricula, particularly as a practical environmental learning tool, remains limited. Knowledge Gap: Most schools lack access to real-world IoT-based applications that foster student engagement with digital literacy and environmental awareness simultaneously. Aims: This study aimed to design and implement an IoT-based Smart Garden system for automatic irrigation and lighting at SMP Al Izhar Pondok Labu, while evaluating its educational and technological impacts. Results: The program involved 50 participants who built functional Smart Garden prototypes using sensors and microcontrollers, resulting in significant gains in STEM motivation (+1.1), understanding of IoT (+1.2), and its application in agriculture (+1.2). Novelty: The innovation lies in integrating project-based learning with low-cost IoT hardware to create a replicable educational model that combines STEM skills, environmental education, and digital literacy. Implications: The success of this initiative highlights the potential of IoT-enhanced environmental projects to enrich school-based learning, strengthen 21st-century competencies, and inspire broader adoption of smart, sustainable practices in education.
Highlight :

The program introduced IoT-based Smart Garden systems to junior high school students through hands-on workshops, fostering practical STEM skills.
Students showed a 25% increase in understanding and motivation, based on pre- and post-test assessments, highlighting educational impact.
The initiative provides a replicable model for integrating environmental and digital literacy in school curricula, promoting sustainability.

Keywords : Automatic Irrigation, Environmental Sustainability, Internet of Things (IoT), Smart Garden, STEM Education

Keratinization and Muscular Variation in the Abdominal Esophagus of Rabbit and Guinea Pig

Noora Kadhim Sheriff — 2025-07-09

Background: The esophagus exhibits species-specific structural adaptations related to diet and function, particularly in its abdominal segment. Method: Samples from adult rabbit and guinea pig esophagi were processed using routine histological techniques and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Measurements of epithelial height and muscularis thickness were statistically analyzed (P ≤ 0.05). Results: Significant histomorphometric differences were observed between the two species in epithelial and muscular thickness, with the exception of the submucosal layer. Aims: To compare the histological architecture of the abdominal esophagus in adult rabbits and guinea pigs, focusing on epithelial keratinization and muscular organization. Findings: Both species showed keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, but the degree of keratinization and muscle layer arrangement varied. The rabbit showed partial keratinization and a thicker muscularis externa, while the guinea pig had full keratinization and complex muscular layering. Novelty: This study provides the first direct comparative analysis of the abdominal esophageal segment between these two rodent species, highlighting structural distinctions potentially linked to dietary habits. Impact: The findings offer valuable insights for veterinary anatomy, comparative histology, and may inform experimental models involving the gastrointestinal tract in small mammals.

Highlights:

Species Comparison: Highlights structural differences in the esophagus between rabbits and guinea pigs.
Keratinization Pattern: Shows variation in epithelial keratinization linked to species-specific function.
Veterinary Insight: Provides data useful for experimental and anatomical studies in small mammals.

Keywords: Esophagus, Rabbit , Histology, Histochemical.

Comparing Different Fuzzy Estimator of Hazard Rate for Quasi Lindely Distribution

Inam Abdul Rahman Noaman — 2025-07-10

General Background: Fuzzy estimation plays a vital role in enhancing the precision of statistical inference under uncertainty, particularly in reliability theory. Specific Background: Classical estimators often struggle with mixed probability distributions involving both continuous and vague components. Knowledge Gap: Despite the theoretical relevance, limited comparative analysis exists on fuzzy estimators within hybrid exponential-gamma models under varied risk functions. Aim: This study aims to derive and compare various fuzzy estimators for the risk function of a mixed continuous distribution formed by combining the exponential (θ) and Gamma (2,θ) distributions, with mixing proportions β/(β+1) and 1/(β+1), respectively. Results: We derive the corresponding probability density function (pdf), cumulative distribution function (CDF), reliability, and hazard functions. A fuzzy vagueness factor (k̃) is introduced into the hazard equation, and the r-th raw moment [μ′(r)] is formulated. Parameters θ and β are estimated via maximum likelihood, moments, and frequency ratio methods. Novelty: The integration of fuzzy theory into hazard modeling for a quasi-Lindley framework, coupled with comprehensive estimator comparison, offers novel insights. Implications: The findings enhance reliability analysis under fuzzy environments, enabling more robust decision-making in engineering and survival analysis contexts.

Highlights:

Introduces fuzzy estimation in hazard function modeling.
Compares three estimation methods for mixed distributions.
Derives complete reliability metrics from a hybrid model.

Keywords: Maximum Likelihood, Moment Estimation, Fuzzy Estimator, Hazard Rate, Quasi-Lindley Distribution

Variations in Heart Rate Due to Physical and Environmental Conditions

Karzan Noori Saleh — 2025-07-12

Background: Heart rate (HR) is a vital physiological indicator influenced by multiple internal and external factors. Specific Background: Urban environments, lifestyle habits, and occupational stressors have raised concerns about their impact on cardiovascular health. Knowledge Gap: Despite existing literature on isolated factors like smoking or noise, limited research has examined the combined effects of environmental and physiological variables on HR among healthy individuals in real-world settings. Aims: This study investigates how physical factors—age, gender, smoking, hypertension, sleep position, noise-induced stress, and ambient temperature—affect HR among healthy individuals in Erbil, Iraq. Results: Data from 120 subjects reveal that smoking, noise exposure, prone sleeping, and elevated temperatures significantly increase HR, while athletes and hypertensive individuals tend to have lower HRs. No significant HR differences were observed between sexes across age groups. Novelty: This study uniquely integrates multiple environmental and physiological factors, demonstrating how combined exposures impact cardiovascular dynamics, an area underexplored in Middle Eastern populations. Implications: The findings underscore the need for targeted public health interventions addressing modifiable risk factors (e.g., noise and heat exposure) to mitigate cardiovascular strain in urban settings.
Highlights:

Smoking and stress significantly elevate heart rate, particularly in younger males and in noisy environments.
Temperature extremes (e.g., bakery conditions) raise heart rate, indicating a strong link between ambient heat and cardiovascular response.
Posture during sleep influences heart rate, with the supine position associated with the highest readings.

Keywords: Heart Rate, Temperature, Stress, Smoking, Hypertension

Relationships between addiction and the COMT rs4680 Gene Polymorphism

Wael Sattar Jaber — 2025-07-20

General Background: Addiction to drugs and alcohol is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder influenced by both environmental and genetic factors, particularly those affecting dopamine regulation. Specific Background: The catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene, particularly the rs4680 Val158Met polymorphism, plays a crucial role in dopamine metabolism and has been implicated in addiction susceptibility. Knowledge Gap: While several studies link COMT variants to substance use disorders, evidence from Middle Eastern populations, especially Iraq, remains limited. Aims: This study aimed to assess the association between the COMT rs4680 polymorphism and vulnerability to drug and alcohol addiction in an Iraqi male cohort. Results: Analysis of 90 samples revealed a significantly higher frequency of the A allele and AA genotype in addicts compared to controls. The AA genotype was associated with a 14.55-fold and 17.14-fold increased risk of drug and alcohol addiction, respectively, while the GA genotype showed intermediate risk. Novelty: This is among the first studies to examine this genetic association in an Iraqi context, highlighting the contribution of COMT polymorphism to addiction predisposition. Implications: The findings suggest potential for genetic screening and personalized intervention strategies targeting dopaminergic pathways in addiction prevention and treatment.
Highlight :

The A allele of the rs4680 polymorphism is significantly associated with increased addiction risk.
The AA genotype shows a strong correlation with both drug and alcohol addiction.
The GA genotype indicates moderate vulnerability to addictive behavior.

Keywords : rs4680 Polymorphism, COMT Gene, Addiction, Drug Use, Alcohol Use

WAYS TO USE MODERN METHODS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

Alimardonov Asrorjon Alimardonovich — 2025-07-23

General Background: Uzbekistan's higher education sector has undergone extensive reforms in recent years, aligning institutional practices with global standards. Specific Background: Despite policy shifts toward digitalization, strategic planning, and international accreditation, the integration of modern management practices across institutions remains inconsistent. Knowledge Gap: Although global models such as KPI systems and distributed leadership are promoted, there is a lack of structured, context-sensitive studies examining their applicability within Uzbekistan's higher education system. Aims: This study investigates the implementation of strategic management, digital platforms, shared governance, and benchmarking in Uzbek universities to develop practical, localized management models. Results: Findings show progress in digital transformation and internationalization (e.g., widespread LMS adoption and accreditation gains), yet highlight deficits in leadership capacity, institutional strategy formulation, and integration of global best practices. Novelty: The research introduces a comprehensive framework that harmonizes strategic KPIs, digital tools, and participatory leadership while emphasizing the human dimension of management reform. Implications: The proposed model offers actionable policy recommendations that bridge global innovations with national realities, supporting sustainable modernization in higher education governance.
Highlights:

Strategic Planning is Crucial
Universities must move beyond “plans on paper” and adopt clear KPIs and feedback systems to drive real outcomes.
Digital Management is the Future
Integrated platforms (like LMS, ERP) are essential to synchronize education, finance, and HR systems for efficiency.
Localized Internationalization
Global best practices should be adapted—not copied—into national contexts to ensure sustainable modernization.

Keywords: Higher Education, Strategic Management, Digitalization, KPI Systems, Leadership

Comparison of Independent and Principal Component Analysis in Bighorn Basin Imagery

Jalal Ibrahim Faraj — 2025-07-24

General Background: Dimensionality reduction is a critical technique in image processing, especially for multispectral satellite imagery where data redundancy and computational complexity are prevalent challenges. Specific Background: Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Independent Component Analysis (ICA) are two widely adopted methods for reducing dimensionality while preserving essential image information. Knowledge Gap: Despite their extensive usage, comparative assessments of their performance in multispectral image reconstruction, particularly in geospatial contexts, remain limited. Aims: This study aims to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of PCA and ICA in processing Landsat multispectral images of the Bighorn Basin by assessing image reconstruction fidelity. Results: The findings reveal that PCA outperforms ICA in reconstruction quality, achieving higher Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) values (up to 27.78 dB) and lower Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), whereas ICA, though proficient in extracting statistically independent features, demonstrated lower fidelity (PSNR = 17.63 dB). Novelty: The work offers a rigorous, side-by-side quantitative analysis of PCA and ICA applied to real-world satellite data, highlighting variance behavior and reconstruction trade-offs. Implications: These insights inform the selection of dimensionality reduction techniques in remote sensing tasks—PCA for optimal reconstruction and noise elimination, and ICA for feature extraction based on statistical independence.

Highlights:

PCA provides superior image reconstruction accuracy with higher PSNR and lower RMSE.
ICA excels in isolating statistically independent features for advanced analysis.
PCA components show faster variance decay, making them efficient for compression.

Keywords: Dimensionality Reduction, Satellite Imagery, Principal Component Analysis, Independent Component Analysis, Image Reconstruction

Inquiry Based Learning (IBL) and Project Based Learning (PjBL) Strategies in Encouraging Students' Creative Thinking

Fauziah Nur — 2025-07-15

General Background: The quality of education plays a pivotal role in shaping productive individuals, yet traditional teacher-centered methods still dominate classroom practices. Specific Background: At SMP Swasta Bangun Mulia P. Brandan, instructional approaches in Islamic Education often rely on passive learning, hindering students’ creative thinking development. Knowledge Gap: Previous studies have mostly examined Inquiry Based Learning (IBL) and Project Based Learning (PjBL) in isolation, with limited integration in religious subjects and minimal focus on private junior high school settings. Aims: This study aims to investigate the individual and combined effects of IBL and PjBL strategies on students’ creative thinking abilities in the context of Islamic Cultural History learning. Results: Using a 2x2 factorial experimental design and ANOVA analysis, results show that both IBL and PjBL significantly enhance creative thinking skills, with PjBL showing a slightly higher average performance. A significant interaction effect was also found between teaching strategies and students’ creativity levels. Novelty: This study is among the first to combine IBL and PjBL in Islamic Education at a private school level, highlighting their synergistic potential. Implications: Findings support the integration of student-centered and project-driven approaches in religious education to foster creativity, suggesting practical pedagogical reforms for teachers in similar educational contexts.
Highlight :

Both Inquiry Based Learning (IBL) and Project Based Learning (PjBL) significantly improve students' creative thinking skills.
PjBL shows stronger and more consistent results, especially among students with high creative potential.
Combining IBL and PjBL yields synergistic effects and is especially effective in Islamic education contexts.

Keywords : Instructional Media, Literacy and Numeracy, Inquiry-Based Learning, Educational Puzzle, Creative Thinking

Religious Moderation as a Strategy for Student Competence Formation in Multicultural Schools

Roni R Dabutar — 2025-07-16

General background: In a multicultural society like Indonesia, education plays a pivotal role in fostering tolerance and preventing radicalism. Specific background: SMA Negeri 1 Sidikalang, with its diverse religious and cultural composition, serves as a strategic setting to implement religious moderation in education. Knowledge gap: However, studies on how religious moderation is operationalized in rural multicultural public schools remain limited. Aims: This study aims to examine how values of religious moderation are integrated into Islamic and Christian Religious Education to shape students’ competencies holistically. Results: Using a qualitative-descriptive approach, findings show that moderation is embedded through curriculum design, teacher role modeling, inclusive extracurricular activities, and community collaboration, resulting in students’ enhanced empathy, tolerance, and respect for diversity. Novelty: This study uniquely maps the enabling and inhibiting factors of religious moderation in a rural public high school, revealing its positive influence across spiritual, social, and academic domains. Implications: The research underscores the importance of institutional support, experiential learning, and interfaith dialogue in building inclusive educational environments aligned with the values of Pancasila and the Merdeka Curriculum.
Highlight :

Religious moderation is integrated into teaching through contextual and dialogic learning.
Teachers serve as role models, promoting tolerance and empathy across religious lines.
School activities and institutional policies support inclusive values and multicultural harmony.

Keywords : Religious Moderation, Religious Education, Tolerance, Contextual Learning, Student Competence