Academia Open

Determinants of Hotel Performance in Uzbekistan's Transitioning Economy

Kuvandikov Sardor — 2025-05-22

General Background: The hospitality sector plays a critical role in supporting economic development, particularly in emerging tourism destinations. Specific Background: Uzbekistan, undergoing structural and economic transformations, presents a unique case for evaluating the determinants of hotel performance in a transitioning economy. Knowledge Gap: Despite growing interest in tourism-driven growth, empirical analyses on how macroeconomic and infrastructural factors influence hotel performance in post-Soviet states remain limited. Aims: This study investigates the impact of foreign direct investment, international tourist arrivals, ICT infrastructure, skilled labour availability, and government support on hotel performance across Uzbekistan's 14 regions from 2015 to 2023. Results: Employing a balanced panel dataset, the analysis reveals that all key variables positively and significantly affect revenue per available room (RevPAR) and occupancy rate, with digital infrastructure and human capital exerting the strongest influence. Novelty: The study provides a regionally disaggregated, data-driven assessment of hotel performance drivers in a post-transition economy, bridging the gap between institutional development and tourism sector outcomes. Implications: The findings underscore the need for integrated policy frameworks that align technological advancement with human capital and institutional support to enhance competitiveness in the hospitality industry across similar transitional contexts.

Highlight:

Digital infrastructure and human capital are the strongest drivers of hotel success.
First empirical study using regional panel data in post-transition Uzbekistan.
Highlights need for synchronized policy and institutional support in tourism.

Keywords: Hotel Performance, Uzbekistan, ICT Infrastructure, Skilled Labour, Tourism Development

Green Accounting Practices in Opak Factory SMEs

Rahma Alia — 2025-06-17

General Background: Environmental sustainability has become an essential aspect of business operations, especially for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the food processing sector. Specific Background: The opak factory in Sidodadi Village, Indonesia, produces organic and inorganic waste, necessitating strategic environmental management. Knowledge Gap: While studies have shown benefits of green accounting, limited research explores its application and link to business sustainability within rural SMEs. Aims: This study aims to assess the implementation of green accounting and environmental performance in supporting business sustainability at the opak factory. Results: Using qualitative methods including interviews and field observations, findings reveal suboptimal integration of environmental costs into financial records and inadequate documentation of environmental initiatives. Although the factory engages in solid and liquid waste management—such as reusing cassava pulp as animal feed and building liquid waste tanks—these efforts are not systematically reported under green accounting frameworks. Novelty: The study offers empirical insight into green accounting within a rural food SME, highlighting distinct challenges and context-specific practices. Implications: Without structured financial tracking and better stakeholder awareness, potential long-term benefits such as increased competitiveness, regulatory compliance, and market access remain underutilized. Strengthening institutional understanding and environmental cost reporting is crucial for advancing sustainable business practices.

Highlights:

Environmental costs are not systematically recorded in financial reports.
Waste management practices exist but lack integration into sustainability reporting.
Green accounting remains underutilized due to limited awareness and resources.

Keywords: green accounting, environmental performance, business sustainability, SMEs, waste management

Social Media and Lifestyle Shape Student Purchasing Patterns

Erma Hotnijar Siregar — 2025-06-18

General Background: Rising access to information and digital platforms has transformed consumption habits among youth, particularly students. Specific Background: Overseas students often face unique financial and social adjustments, making them susceptible to excessive spending. Knowledge Gap: While prior studies have discussed general student consumption, few have focused on overseas students and the role of peer influence, lifestyle, and social media combined. Aims: This study investigates the relationship between social media use, peer relationships, and lifestyle with the consumptive behavior of overseas students at UIN Sumatera Utara. Results: Using a quantitative approach and data from 75 respondents, the findings show that social media and lifestyle are positively and significantly associated with consumptive behavior, while peer influence is not statistically significant. Novelty: This study contributes by centering on migrant students in a developing country context, highlighting that lifestyle choices and media exposure override peer pressure in shaping spending habits. Implications: These results suggest that interventions aiming to reduce excessive consumption among overseas students should prioritize media literacy and financial awareness over peer-group regulation.
Highlights:

1. Lifestyle is the strongest predictor of excessive student spending.

2. Peer influence does not significantly drive consumptive behavior.

3. Social media exposure correlates with increased purchase frequency.

Keywords: social media, lifestyle, student behavior, consumption, overseas students

Religiosity, Trust, and Literacy Drive Islamic Finance Adoption

Muhammad Iqbal Asyari Lubis — 2025-06-19

General Background: Despite Indonesia's Muslim-majority population, the market share of Islamic financial products remains low. Specific Background: Islamic financial literacy, trust in financial institutions, and personal religiosity have been identified as key determinants in financial decision-making, yet empirical studies show inconsistent findings. Knowledge Gap: Previous research has not adequately assessed these three factors simultaneously, particularly within a student population that receives Islamic education. Aims: This study aims to examine how religiosity, trust, and sharia financial literacy affect students’ interest in using Islamic financial products. Results: Based on a survey of 100 purposively sampled students at UIN North Sumatra, multiple linear regression analysis revealed that all three variables — religiosity (β = 0.345), trust (β = 0.445), and sharia financial literacy (β = 0.236) — have a positive and significant relationship with interest in using Islamic financial products, explaining 74.2% of the variance. Novelty: This study is one of the first to simultaneously analyze these predictors among students of an Islamic university, providing insights into the behavioral intentions of a strategically important demographic. Implications: The findings underscore the need for collaborative efforts between Islamic financial institutions and universities to foster literacy, trust, and religious alignment with financial behavior among youth.
Highlights:

Trust is the strongest predictor of product interest among students.
Sharia financial literacy significantly correlates with usage interest.
The model explains 74.2% of the variation in interest behavior.

Keywords: religiosity, trust, Islamic financial literacy, student behavior, Islamic banking

FOMO and Digital Loans Drive Impulsive Purchases Among Gen Z

Nurul Hidayah — 2025-06-22

General Background: The surge of digital consumption among Generation Z has redefined consumer behavior, particularly through platforms like TikTok Shop. Specific Background: In Indonesia, this generation actively engages in social commerce, driven by psychological and financial enablers. Knowledge Gap: While previous studies have explored hedonism, FOMO, and online loans separately, few have assessed their combined effects on impulsive buying in a specific metropolitan context. Aims: This study investigates the collective and individual roles of hedonism, FOMO, and online loans in driving impulsive buying among Gen Z in Medan City. Results: Using a quantitative survey with 100 respondents and multiple linear regression analysis, the findings indicate that FOMO and online loans significantly predict impulsive buying behavior, while hedonism does not show a significant effect. The combined model accounts for 50.3% of the variance in impulsive purchasing. Novelty: This study offers a localized empirical perspective integrating psychological and financial dimensions in a digital context, while introducing Islamic banking as a potential moderating discourse. Implications: The findings suggest a need for financial literacy programs and responsible lending policies targeting youth, while offering marketers insights into Gen Z’s primary consumption triggers.

Highlights:

FOMO and online loans are key drivers of impulsive buying in Gen Z Medan.
Hedonism has no significant predictive value for impulsive buying in this context.
Combined predictors explain over 50% of impulsive buying behavior variance.

Keywords: Gen Z, impulsive buying, FOMO, online loans, hedonism

Implementation of Zakat Core Principles in NU CARE LAZISNU Surabaya

Moh. Taufik Hidayah — 2025-06-23

General Background: Zakat, Infaq, and Sadaqah (ZIS) are foundational instruments in Islamic finance aimed at achieving social justice and reducing poverty. Specific Background: Despite Indonesia’s immense zakat potential, its realization and distribution remain suboptimal due to low public understanding and uneven governance. Knowledge Gap: Prior studies have not sufficiently analyzed how grassroots zakat institutions adopt the Zakat Core Principles (ZCP), particularly regarding transparency, efficiency, and empowerment. Aims: This study investigates the application of ZCP in the distribution of ZIS at NU CARE LAZISNU Simokerto, a local zakat management unit under Nahdlatul Ulama. Results: The findings reveal that NU CARE LAZISNU Simokerto successfully implements various ZCP aspects, including legal compliance, accountability, internal and external audits, financial transparency, professional amil training, and a dual strategy in ZIS distribution (consumptive and productive). Novelty: Unlike previous studies focusing on national institutions, this study provides an in-depth look at a grassroots-level zakat organization, highlighting its operational alignment with 18 ZCP indicators. Implications: The NU CARE LAZISNU Simokerto model illustrates how structured governance and community engagement can optimize zakat management and serve as a replicable framework for similar institutions, potentially transforming mustahik into muzakki through productive programs.

Highlights:

ZCP standards can be implemented effectively even at local branch levels.
Professionalism and audit mechanisms ensure targeted ZIS distribution.
Productive empowerment shifts mustahik toward economic self-reliance.

Keywords: Zakat Core Principles, zakat governance, LAZISNU, financial transparency, productive empowerment

Integrating The Indexation Method Into Uzbekistan’s Cadastral Valuation System

Ulugbek Tulakov — 2025-06-30

General Background: In modern tax systems, aligning cadastral values with real market conditions is essential for fair and accurate taxation. Specific Background: Uzbekistan’s current static cadastral valuation system lacks mechanisms to promptly reflect changes in market prices, leading to inefficiencies and tax inequities. Knowledge Gap: Despite modernization efforts, there is no established method for periodically updating cadastral values in response to economic fluctuations. Aims: This study aims to assess the feasibility of integrating indexation into Uzbekistan’s cadastral valuation system and propose a suitable methodology. Results: The research shows that indexation—used globally in countries like Belgium, Spain, and Italy—enhances valuation accuracy, ensures fairer tax burdens, and stabilizes government revenues. Novelty: The study offers a tailored methodology based on international best practices and adapted to Uzbekistan’s specific institutional and data contexts, emphasizing automated integration and public transparency. Implications: Implementing indexation will promote equity in property taxation, reduce administrative burdens, and support the development of a stable, transparent, and adaptive cadastral system aligned with market dynamics.
Highlight :

Ensures Tax Accuracy – Indexation aligns property values with market conditions, improving fairness and equity in real estate taxation.
Supports Fiscal Stability – Regular value updates through indexation help maintain a predictable and stable tax base.
Adaptable Integration – The proposed model allows integration with existing digital systems like CAMA for efficient implementation.

Keywords : Cadastral Value, Indexation Method, Real Estate Tax, Tax Accuracy, Market Price Index.

Refining Assessment Mechanisms for Management Competence in Public Service Leadership

Rafikova Ziyodakhan Akmaljonovna — 2025-07-07

General Background: Effective public administration relies heavily on the competence of managerial personnel. Specific Background: In Uzbekistan, reforms emphasize forming a professional civil service corps aligned with modern governance standards. Knowledge Gap: Despite existing assessment frameworks, subjectivity, lack of digital integration, and inconsistent criteria hinder accurate evaluation of leadership potential. Aims: This study aims to improve the mechanisms for assessing the management competence of civil service leaders through evidence-based, competency-focused, and technologically supported methods. Results: The analysis reveals that international best practices, such as 360-degree feedback, digital platforms, and psychometric assessments, offer more objective and comprehensive evaluations. Novelty: The proposed model integrates global methodologies with localized needs, advocating for strategic foresight, emotional intelligence, and ethical standards in leadership assessment. Implications: Implementing a multi-dimensional, transparent evaluation system could enhance public service quality, reduce corruption, and ensure strategic leadership continuity in Uzbekistan’s civil administration.
Highlight :

Modern assessment methods like 360-degree feedback and digital platforms enhance objectivity in leadership evaluations.
Competency-based models help identify both strengths and development areas for public service managers.
Accurate leadership assessment supports building a professional talent reserve aligned with strategic governance goals.

Keywords : Civil Service, Management Personnel, Management Capacity, Evaluation Mechanisms, Management Competencies

Building Entrepreneurial Interest of Scout Members Through Business Model Canvas Design Training

Bisma Widyawan — 2025-07-08

General Background: Youth entrepreneurship is a critical strategy for fostering economic self-reliance and innovation. Specific Background: In Indonesia, the Scout Movement has increasingly integrated character and skill-building programs, offering an opportunity to embed entrepreneurial education. Knowledge Gap: Despite awareness of entrepreneurship, practical understanding and application among adolescents—especially using tools like the Business Model Canvas (BMC)—remain limited. Aims: This study aims to enhance entrepreneurial interest and competency among 17-year-old Scout members through BMC design training. Results: Conducted as a participatory workshop, the training included lectures, business site visits, group simulations, and peer assessments. The findings showed that 66.7% of participants were unfamiliar with BMC prior to the workshop, but post-training evaluations revealed improved comprehension, with peer assessment scores averaging 3.08–4.00 (out of 5), and self-ratings predominantly between 7 and 9 (out of 10). Novelty: This study contributes novel insights into the integration of entrepreneurship education within a non-formal setting, specifically through experiential and peer-based learning methods tailored for Scout members. Implications: The findings suggest that structured, interactive training using BMC can effectively cultivate entrepreneurial mindset and skills in youth, and support the strategic inclusion of business education in character-based programs like Scouting.
Highlight :

Hands-on BMC Training: Scout members engaged in designing business models using the Business Model Canvas to enhance entrepreneurial skills.
Peer-Based Learning: Activities included peer assessment to deepen understanding through evaluation and feedback.
Youth-Centered Approach: The training targeted 17-year-old Scout members, aligning with their developmental stage and promoting real-world business thinking.

Keywords : Business Model Canvas, BMC, Entrepreneurship, Scout Members, Training

Education on Cough and Cold Treatment with Acupressure Through Leaflets and Videos

Izzatus Sa'adah — 2025-07-07

Treatment of cough and cold is prioritized non-pharmacological. The purpose of this study was to determine differences in the level of knowledge and skills of mothers in handling cold coughs with acupressure through the media of leaflets and videos. The research method is Quasi Experimental Two Group Pretest Posttest. Population of mothers who have toddlers aged 1 to 5 years at Taman Sidoarjo Public Health Center. The Non Probability sample of 40 people was divided into two groups of leaflets and videos. The pretest uses a questionnaire for knowledge level and a checklist for mother's skills. Posttest one week after getting the intervention. The results of the research data were analyzed by the Independent T-Test test. The results of pretest leafleat knowledge 74.50 video 78.00 posttest leafleat 84.00 video 90.50 for pretest leafleat and video skills .00 posttest leafleat 11.743 video 9.787. The results of the T-Test test showed a p value > 0.05, so education on treating cold coughs with acupressure using leaflet and video media provided an increase in knowledge and skills, there was a difference in improvement, but the difference was not significant.

HEART Framework Evaluation of M-Paspor User Experience

Novita Ramadayanti — 2025-05-28

General Background: In the era of digital transformation, the success of public service applications depends significantly on user experience (UX). Specific Background: The M-Paspor application by the Directorate General of Immigration Indonesia was developed to streamline passport services but suffers from low public ratings and recurring user complaints. Knowledge Gap: Despite its potential, comprehensive UX metrics that consider both functional and emotional dimensions have not systematically evaluated the application. Aims: This study aims to assess the usability of the M-Paspor application using the HEART Framework, which evaluates five key dimensions: Happiness, Engagement, Adoption, Retention, and Task Success. Results: From 100 user responses, the application scored high in Engagement (0.75), Retention (0.71), Happiness (0.66), and Adoption (0.64), but only medium in Task Success (0.57). Three dimensions did not meet the 70% usability target, revealing critical shortcomings in interface design, onboarding guidance, and payment or scheduling features. Novelty: This research applies the HEART Framework as a stand-alone evaluative tool to systematically diagnose user experience issues in a government mobile application. Implications: The findings offer actionable recommendations to improve M-Paspor’s usability and provide a replicable model for evaluating other public digital services.

Highlights:

1. Engagement scored highest at 0.75 usability level.

2. Task Success dimension did not meet the target.

3. Design, guidance, and access features require improvement.

Keywords: HEART Framework, M-Paspor, Usability, User Experience, Public Service App

Sentiment Analysis and Complaint Patterns on GoFood Merchants Using Naïve Bayes and Apriori

Alfan Afiyudin — 2025-07-02

General Background: The rapid advancement of digital technology has catalyzed the proliferation of online service platforms, intensifying competition among providers to deliver optimal user experiences. Specific Background: In this landscape, food delivery services such as GoFood Merchant play a crucial role, yet user dissatisfaction remains a persistent challenge. Knowledge Gap: Despite the abundance of user-generated reviews, comprehensive sentiment and pattern analysis for GoFood Merchant remains limited, particularly in the integration of sentiment classification with pattern discovery and actionable recommendations. Aims: This study aims to analyze user sentiment toward the GoFood Merchant application using the Naïve Bayes algorithm and identify common complaint patterns via the Apriori algorithm, followed by solution formulation through the 5W+1H approach. Results: Utilizing 1,243 Play Store reviews, the sentiment classification model achieved an accuracy of 87%, indicating robust performance. Further analysis of negative reviews revealed five dominant keywords: “driver,” “order,” “aplikasi,” “resto,” and “iklan.” Novelty: The integration of sentiment analysis, association rule mining, and structured problem-solving provides a novel framework for understanding and addressing user dissatisfaction. Implications: The findings offer strategic insights for enhancing user experience and strengthening GoFood Merchant’s competitive advantage in the saturated online service marketplace.

Highlights:

Identifies dominant user complaints using data mining techniques.
Combines sentiment classification with complaint pattern discovery.
Provides actionable recommendations using the 5W+1H framework.

Keywords: Sentiment Analysis, Naïve Bayes, Apriori Algorithm, User Complaints, GoFood Merchant

Expressive Language of Poetry as a Means of Artistic Communication

Takhmina Kamiljonovna Akramova — 2025-05-22

General Background: Poetic language has long functioned as a distinctive form of artistic and emotional communication. Specific Background: Despite a detailed understanding of poetic techniques, there remains limited clarity about how these elements function as mechanisms of communication and artistic evolution. Knowledge Gap: Existing studies often overlook the specific communicative structures and socio-aesthetic functions that enable poetry to mediate individual and collective experiences. Aims: This study investigates the expressive language of poetry as a communicative tool, analyzing how metaphor, symbolism, sound, rhythm, and ambiguity shape artistic discourse. Results: Through interdisciplinary methods combining literary theory, linguistics, and cultural criticism, the study demonstrates that poetry communicates multilayered meanings—emotional, intellectual, and political—beyond what practical language can convey. Novelty: By positioning poetic language not merely as aesthetic ornamentation but as a structured communicative system, this research offers a reconceptualization of poetry’s function within art and society. Implications: The findings affirm poetry's role in cultural transmission and identity formation, reinforcing its relevance as a dynamic medium for articulating complex human realities and fostering societal cohesion.

Highlight :

Metaphor and Symbolism: Poetry uses metaphor and symbolism to express deep emotional and intellectual ideas, creating shared understanding.
Sound and Rhythm: The auditory elements of poetry enhance emotional impact and mirror human thought patterns.
Ambiguity: Poetic language thrives on open interpretation, allowing diverse personal and cultural meanings.

Keywords : Metaphor, Symbolism, Poetic Language, Communication, Rhythm

Media Framing of the ‘Barking Student’ Case in the National News of Kompas.com and Tempo.co

Zaskia Firyal Rachman — 2025-06-30

General Background: In the digital age, online media significantly shape public perception, particularly on social issues like bullying. Specific Background: The case of a high school student coerced into barking by a parent drew national attention, highlighting divergent media narratives. Knowledge Gap: Despite growing media coverage of bullying, limited research has examined how different news platforms frame the same incident. Aims: This study investigates how Kompas.com and Tempo.co framed the "barking student" case using Robert N. Entman’s framing model. Results: Kompas.com employed an empathetic frame emphasizing child protection and psychological impact, while Tempo.co adopted a legalistic frame spotlighting law enforcement and institutional response. Novelty: By comparing two prominent Indonesian media outlets, this study reveals how contrasting journalistic orientations construct divergent social realities from a single event. Implications: The findings underscore the media’s role in agenda setting and the ethical responsibility of news platforms in shaping public discourse on sensitive issues like bullying.
Highlight :

The study highlights contrasting framing strategies used by Kompas.com (empathetic) and Tempo.co (legalistic) in reporting the same bullying case.
It applies Robert N. Entman’s framing model, showing how different media define problems, assign causes, make moral judgments, and suggest solutions.
The research underscores the power of media in shaping public perception and constructing different social realities from a single incident.

Keywords : Media Framing, Bullying, Kompas.com, Tempo.co, Entman Framing Theory

TikTok Videos Support Students’ Vocabulary Mastery in Junior High School

Tria Miranda — 2025-07-01

General Background: Vocabulary mastery is essential for language proficiency, yet many junior high school students in Indonesia struggle with vocabulary acquisition. Specific Background: Traditional, textbook-based methods often fail to engage Generation Z learners, prompting the need for innovative, tech-integrated pedagogies. Knowledge Gap: While prior studies have explored social media for language learning, few have examined TikTok’s effectiveness in formal junior high school contexts in Indonesia. Aims: This study investigates the impact of TikTok-based instruction on vocabulary mastery among seventh-grade students at SMP Muhammadiyah Pagaralam. Results: Using a quasi-experimental design, the study revealed that the experimental group, taught with TikTok videos, significantly outperformed the control group in vocabulary post-tests, with a mean improvement of 44.83 points compared to 29.33 points. Novelty: Unlike prior research focused on university settings or informal learning, this study applies TikTok pedagogically within a structured junior high school environment, demonstrating its potential beyond entertainment. Implications: The findings suggest that integrating TikTok into English instruction enhances student engagement, retention, and confidence, offering a viable alternative to conventional methods and encouraging educators to embrace digital platforms aligned with students’ media habits.
Highlight :

TikTok-based instruction significantly improved students' vocabulary mastery compared to traditional methods, showing higher post-test scores and engagement.
Students in the experimental group demonstrated greater motivation and retention, aided by interactive, visual, and auditory content from TikTok videos.
The study supports integrating social media into formal education, offering practical benefits in language learning and suggesting broader pedagogical applications.

Keywords : TikTok, Vocabulary Mastery, Language Learning, English Education, Junior High School

Webtoon Comic Improves Eighth Graders' Mystery Text Comprehension

Dhea Dwiastuti — 2025-07-02

General Background: Reading comprehension is essential for junior high students to engage meaningfully with English texts, especially narrative genres. Specific Background: Mystery narratives, while rich in linguistic features and critical thinking opportunities, often pose challenges due to students’ lack of interest and engagement. Knowledge Gap: While digital media like comics have been explored in language learning, limited research addresses the use of Webtoon specifically for teaching mystery narrative texts in rural educational settings. Aims: This study investigates the effectiveness of using Webtoon comics as a digital medium to improve reading comprehension among eighth-grade students at MTs Negeri 2 Empat Lawang. Results: Using a quasi-experimental design with pre- and post-tests, findings showed the experimental group taught with Webtoon outperformed the control group, achieving a significant gain (mean = 72.36 vs. 67.02; t = 3.454, p = 0.001). Novelty: This research uniquely integrates mystery narrative texts with digital storytelling tools in a rural Indonesian context, targeting specific comprehension skills such as inference and reference. Implications: The findings suggest that digital comics like Webtoon enhance student motivation and comprehension, offering a promising pedagogical strategy aligned with students’ digital habits and literacy development.
Highlight :

Webtoon comics effectively improve students’ reading comprehension, especially in understanding mystery narrative texts.
Statistical analysis confirms a significant difference in post-test scores between experimental and control groups.
Digital media integration enhances engagement and supports comprehension through visual storytelling.

Keywords : Webtoon Comic, Reading Comprehension, Mystery Narrative, Digital Literacy, Educational Technology

Psychological Analysis of the Main Characters in the Novel In the Land of Pepper by Ziggy Zezsyazeoviennazabrizkie

Noval Selpiansyah — 2025-07-01

Literature serves as a medium for expressing psychological realities, particularly through characters shaped by trauma and emotional struggle. Specifically, Ziggy Zezsyazeoviennazabrizkie’s In the Land of Pepper portrays the inner world of Salva, a child enduring neglect and domestic violence, whose psychological conflicts reflect broader societal issues. Despite existing studies on literary psychology, few have focused on Indonesian novels that depict childhood trauma using Freud's psychoanalytic theory. This study aims to analyze the protagonist’s psychological condition through Freud’s structural model—Id, Ego, and Superego—complemented by Jungian symbols and Eriksonian psychosocial theory. Results indicate Salva employs defense mechanisms such as denial, repression, and fantasy projection to navigate trauma, with the “land of pepper” functioning as a symbolic refuge. The novelty lies in the integrative psychoanalytic approach applied to a contemporary Indonesian text, highlighting the character’s fragmented psyche and imaginative resilience. Implications include the potential for literature to foster emotional literacy and trauma awareness in educational settings, as well as providing a foundation for further interdisciplinary research between literature and psychology.
Highlight :

The study analyzes the inner psychological struggles of the protagonist using Freud’s Id, Ego, and Superego.
Childhood trauma and emotional neglect form the core of Salva’s development and coping mechanisms.
Literature is presented as a medium for psychological reflection and emotional education through character exploration.

Keywords : Literary Psychology, Main Character, Inner Conflict, Trauma, Ziggy Zezsyazeoviennazabrizkie

RIDER Strategy Promotes Critical Comprehension of Narrative Texts in Junior High

Lia Meista — 2025-07-02

General Background: Reading comprehension is a fundamental skill that underpins academic success in language learning. Specific Background: Many Indonesian junior high school students struggle with understanding narrative texts due to limited vocabulary and surface-level reading strategies. Knowledge Gap: Despite prior studies on metacognitive strategies, few have used quasi-experimental designs to evaluate structured strategies like RIDER in South Sumatra. Aims: This study investigated the effectiveness of the Read, Imagine, Describe, Evaluate, and Repeat (RIDER) strategy in improving narrative text comprehension among eighth-grade students at SMP Negeri 1 Muara Pinang. Results: Using a quasi-experimental design with pre- and post-tests, the study revealed that students taught with the RIDER strategy demonstrated greater improvements in reading comprehension, particularly in main ideas, vocabulary, and inference, compared to those taught conventionally. Novelty: This research is among the first in the region to quantitatively compare RIDER with traditional methods using statistical analyses, providing robust evidence of its pedagogical value. Implications: Findings suggest that integrating RIDER into English instruction can foster critical thinking, deeper engagement, and improved comprehension, offering practical guidance for educators aiming to enhance literacy outcomes in narrative reading.
Highlight :

The RIDER strategy significantly improved students' comprehension, especially in identifying main ideas, vocabulary, and inferences.
The experimental group showed greater gains than the control group, though the difference was not statistically significant in the independent t-test.
The strategy promotes critical thinking and active engagement, making it a promising tool for teaching narrative texts.

Keywords : Reading Comprehension, Narrative Text, RIDER Strategy, Junior High School, English Language Learning

Instrumental Drives in English Learning Among Non-English Majors

Nuria Anjelina — 2025-07-01

General Background: Motivation is a fundamental factor influencing success in foreign language learning, especially in contexts where English is a secondary academic subject. Specific Background: In Indonesia, non-English major students in smaller teacher training institutions often receive less attention in language motivation research. Knowledge Gap: Previous studies have largely focused on English majors or students from urban universities, leaving a lack of insight into motivation among non-English majors in peripheral regions. Aim: This study investigates the types and factors of English learning motivation among non-English major students at STKIP Muhammadiyah Pagar Alam. Results: Using a mixed-methods approach, findings reveal that most students demonstrate high extrinsic motivation—such as academic and career goals—while a smaller group, mainly from the Indonesian Language Education program, also show intrinsic interests like cultural appreciation and personal enjoyment. Novelty: This research highlights motivation dynamics in an underrepresented population, offering context-specific insights beyond mainstream university settings. Implications: The results suggest that English instruction in similar institutions should be tailored to students' dominant motivational drivers, using student-centered methods and digital tools to foster engagement and overcome learning anxieties.
Highlight :

Non-English major students are generally motivated to learn English, mostly due to instrumental reasons like academic and career goals.
Intrinsic motivation is more common among Indonesian Language students, who show interest in English media and global culture.
Supportive learning environments—with interactive methods and digital tools—can boost motivation and reduce learning barriers.

Keywords : English Learning, Motivation, Non-English Major Students, Integrative Motivation, Instrumental Motivation

Low Cost Travel Packages Drive Domestic Tourism Growth in Uzbekistan

Khusen Ibargimov — 2025-05-22

Background: Domestic tourism is increasingly recognized as a vital contributor to national economies, particularly in developing countries like Uzbekistan. Specific Background: Despite policy initiatives promoting internal travel, limited data exists on how affordable travel options shape domestic tourism behavior. Knowledge Gap: Little is known about the perceived accessibility and value of low-cost travel packages among Uzbekistani residents. Aims: This study aims to evaluate perceptions of low-cost travel packages and identify key factors associated with their appeal to domestic tourists. Results: Based on a mixed-methods approach involving 37 online survey respondents and statistical analysis using SPSS, the study finds that perceptions of value-for-money are significantly shaped by travel frequency and the quality of customer service. Novelty: The research uniquely combines quantitative and qualitative evidence to illuminate how localized, budget-friendly travel options influence domestic tourism patterns in a Central Asian context. Implications: The findings suggest that to stimulate domestic tourism growth, stakeholders should prioritize promotional strategies, raise public awareness, and develop tailored, affordable travel packages for local residents. While the study's small sample limits generalizability, it provides a foundational basis for future research involving broader populations to validate and expand upon these insights.

Highlights:

Value perception is shaped by travel frequency and service quality.
Custom low-cost packages can boost local tourism participation.
Small sample limits generalizability; broader studies are needed.

Keywords : Domestic Tourism, Uzbekistan, Customer Satisfaction, Travel Packages, Statistical Analysis

Evolving Legal Responsibilities and Challenges in Prosecuting Cybercrime Across Jurisdictions

Riyadh Hussain Taqi — 2025-04-29

General Background: In the digital age, cybercrime has emerged as a sophisticated and transnational threat, endangering global security, economic stability, and individual privacy. Specific Background: The rapid evolution of cyber-offenses challenges traditional legal frameworks, particularly in defining liability and proving criminal intent in virtual environments. Knowledge Gap: Despite ongoing reforms, there is limited clarity on how legal systems conceptualize and apply core criminal law principles such as actus reus and mens rea to cybercrime, particularly across diverse jurisdictions. Aims: This study investigates the evolving definitions of criminal responsibility in cybercrime, analyzes the adaptation of legal systems to digital threats, and explores the evidentiary challenges in proving guilt within cyberspace. Results: The findings confirm that while actus reus and mens rea remain applicable, their interpretation in digital contexts becomes significantly complex. Key challenges include jurisdictional disputes, offender anonymity, and digital evidence admissibility. Novelty: Through doctrinal and comparative legal research, this study presents a multi-jurisdictional analysis spanning the U.S., E.U., Asia, and the Middle East, offering a comprehensive perspective on legal convergence in addressing cybercrime. Implications: Legal systems must innovate by enacting precise cybercrime statutes, investing in digital forensic capabilities, enhancing professional education, and fostering global legal harmonization to ensure effective cyber justice.

Highlights:

Redefining Crime Elements: Adapting actus reus and mens rea digitally.
Legal Reform Needed: Update laws, boost digital investigation capacity.
Global Coordination Required: Harmonize international laws for cybercrime enforcement.

Keywords: Cybercrime, Criminal Responsibility, Digital Evidence, Comparative Law, Legal Reform

Implementation of Tajribi, Burhani, Bayani, and 'Irfani Methods in Islamic Education Philosophy

Yuri Indri Yani — 2025-05-22

General Background: Epistemology, as a core branch of philosophy, critically examines the nature, sources, and limits of knowledge. Specific Background: Within the Islamic intellectual tradition, epistemology encompasses distinct methodologies—tajribi, burhani, bayani, and ‘irfani—each rooted in different epistemic frameworks. Knowledge Gap: However, comprehensive analyses of how these methods are implemented within the context of Islamic education philosophy remain limited. Aims: This study aims to explore the application of Islamic epistemological methods in the study of Islamic educational philosophy. Results: Through qualitative descriptive library research, the study finds that the tajribi (empirical) method is utilized to understand physical realities, the burhani (rational) method to grasp metaphysical concepts, the bayani (textual-interpretative) method to extract meaning from sacred texts, and the ‘irfani (intuitive-spiritual) method to attain inner truths through spiritual practice. Novelty: The study synthesizes these diverse epistemological approaches and delineates their respective educational domains, offering an integrated framework for understanding Islamic knowledge acquisition. Implications: These findings contribute to the broader discourse on Islamic education by highlighting the multidimensional nature of knowledge in Islamic thought and advocating for a balanced pedagogical model that accommodates empirical, rational, textual, and spiritual dimensions.

Highlights:

Distinct epistemological methods reflect diverse paths to knowledge in Islam.
Each method aligns with specific objects: material, rational, textual, or spiritual.
Integration of these methods enriches Islamic educational philosophy.

Keywords: Islamic Epistemology, Tajribi, Burhani, Bayani, ‘Irfani

Development of Independent Learning Skills Through the Electrical Teaching Program at Mifasol

Ni Putu Devira Ayu Martini — 2025-07-03

Independent learning has become a crucial competency in the digital era, especially in STEM fields, where adaptability and self-direction are essential. Specifically, underprivileged and out-of-school children face barriers in acquiring such skills due to limited access to formal education. While prior research explores project-based and collaborative learning in formal settings, there remains a knowledge gap in connecting informal community-based STEM programs to national curriculum goals for marginalized learners. This study aims to examine the development of independent learning skills through the Electrical Engineering Teaching Program (TEMA) at Rumah Belajar MiFasol, a community initiative targeting educational equity. Results from participatory observation, questionnaires, and interviews with 22 participants reveal that 63.6% found the program highly beneficial, 72.7% were actively engaged, and 90.9% desired future iterations. The novelty lies in TEMA’s alignment with the Indonesian National Curriculum in an informal context, integrating core competencies and practical STEM activities like the ice cream experiment to stimulate curiosity and critical thinking. The implications suggest that structured, informal educational interventions—rooted in national standards—can bridge educational disparities and cultivate learner autonomy among underserved populations.
Highlight :

Empowering Out-of-School Students: The Electro Teaching Program provides access to STEM education for underprivileged children, fostering independent learning and self-confidence.
Interactive and Practical Approach: Activities such as experiments and games make learning engaging and effective, aligning with national education standards.
Positive Impact and Feedback: Over 90% of participants expressed high satisfaction, showing strong interest in continuing the program.

Keywords : Education, Innovative Learning, STEM Program, Electro Teaching, Independent Learning

Implementing IoT-Based Smart Garden System at SMP Al Izhar

Yosy Rahmawati — 2025-07-03

General Background: The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technology in agriculture presents new opportunities for sustainable practices and hands-on education. Specific Background: However, its implementation in junior high school curricula, particularly as a practical environmental learning tool, remains limited. Knowledge Gap: Most schools lack access to real-world IoT-based applications that foster student engagement with digital literacy and environmental awareness simultaneously. Aims: This study aimed to design and implement an IoT-based Smart Garden system for automatic irrigation and lighting at SMP Al Izhar Pondok Labu, while evaluating its educational and technological impacts. Results: The program involved 50 participants who built functional Smart Garden prototypes using sensors and microcontrollers, resulting in significant gains in STEM motivation (+1.1), understanding of IoT (+1.2), and its application in agriculture (+1.2). Novelty: The innovation lies in integrating project-based learning with low-cost IoT hardware to create a replicable educational model that combines STEM skills, environmental education, and digital literacy. Implications: The success of this initiative highlights the potential of IoT-enhanced environmental projects to enrich school-based learning, strengthen 21st-century competencies, and inspire broader adoption of smart, sustainable practices in education.
Highlight :

The program introduced IoT-based Smart Garden systems to junior high school students through hands-on workshops, fostering practical STEM skills.
Students showed a 25% increase in understanding and motivation, based on pre- and post-test assessments, highlighting educational impact.
The initiative provides a replicable model for integrating environmental and digital literacy in school curricula, promoting sustainability.

Keywords : Automatic Irrigation, Environmental Sustainability, Internet of Things (IoT), Smart Garden, STEM Education