About Academia Open is published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo published 2 (two) issues per year (June and December). This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. This journal aims is to provide a place for academics and practitioners to publish original research and review articles. The articles basically contains any topics research or review. Academia Open is available in online version. Language used in this journal is Indonesia or English. Article Processing Charge ACOPEN is an open access international journal. Since manuscript submission for Volume 10 number 1 June 2025, author(s) pay some processing fees IDR 1.250.000. The APC should be paid in 3 days max after the acceptance of manuscript. Accredited "S3" by the Ministry of Research-Technology and Higher Education Republic of Indonesia ACOPEN Officially Recognized by the Supreme Attestation Commission of Uzbekistan Abbreviation ACADEMIA OPEN (ACOPEN) DOI prefix 10.21070 by Citation Analysis SCOPUS | Web of Science | Dimension Index Services Google Scholar | Complete List ISSN (online) 2174-7444 Publisher Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo Editor in Chief Mochammad Tanzil Multazam Managing Editor Bobur Sobirov Frequency 2 (two) issues per year (June and December)
Lean Manufacturing to Reduce Waste in Jumbo Bag Production Using VSM, VALSAT, Kaizen
General Background The manufacturing industry is under constant pressure to optimize production processes and maintain product quality. Specific Background PT ABC, a manufacturer of jumbo bags, faces operational inefficiencies, including a high volume of defective units and a significant lead time of 515 minutes, resulting in a low Process Cycle Efficiency (PCE) of 54.37%. Knowledge Gap Many existing studies treat lean tools such as Value Stream Mapping (VSM), Value Stream Analysis Tools (VALSAT), and Kaizen as isolated methods, failing to provide an integrated framework that quantifies efficiency through quantitative indicators like PCE. Aims This study integrates VSM, VALSAT, Process Activity Mapping (PAM), and Kaizen principles to identify, prioritize, and mitigate critical waste within the jumbo bag production flow. Results The analysis identifies waiting and motion as the most dominant waste categories. Proposed Kaizen-based initiatives—including implementing start-up checklists, standardizing work sequences, and reorganizing workstations—successfully reduce the total lead time to 420 minutes, while projected PCE increases to 66.67%. Novelty This research introduces a structured, integrated analytical framework that bridges waste prioritization with continuous improvement, supported by digital data visualization for enhanced performance monitoring. Implications These findings establish a scalable reference model for manufacturing managers to minimize non-value-added activities, optimize production workflows, and achieve measurable efficiency gains through systematic lean application and ongoing process monitoring. Highlights: Waiting and motion identified as the most significant contributors to production inefficiencies. Integrated lean improvements lead to a 95-minute reduction in total lead time. Standardized work procedures and layout optimization increase process cycle efficiency by over 12%. Keywords: Kaizen, Lean Manufacturing, Process Activity Mapping, Process Cycle Efficiency, Value Stream Mapping
Copyright (c) 2026 M. Wahyu Saputra, Joumil Aidil Saifuddin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Implementation of Lean Supply Chain Management to Identify and Reduce Waste at PT XYZ
General Background The manufacturing industry demands highly efficient operational systems to maintain global competitiveness and ensure resource optimization. Specific Background PT XYZ, a prominent national ceramic manufacturer producing millions of square meters annually, currently experiences severe operational inefficiencies, particularly involving excessive inventory, waiting periods, and transportation redundancies. Knowledge Gap Despite recognizing these operational bottlenecks, structured interventions utilizing data-driven methodologies to identify root causes and systematically eliminate non-value-added activities in this specific production setting remain unaddressed. Aims This study seeks to identify critical operational inefficiencies and minimize production redundancies using the Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control methodology. Results Initial capability measurements revealed a Process Cycle Efficiency of 8.8% alongside a baseline of 3.55 sigma level. By mapping activities and employing Failure Mode and Effect Analysis, the proposed corrective actions, including standardized operational procedures and digital tracking, successfully minimized total lead time from 32,315 minutes to 13,085 minutes, thereby raising the Process Cycle Efficiency to 21.8%. Novelty This research integrates Process Activity Mapping and Risk Priority Number evaluations to specifically target and quantify defect variables within a localized large-scale manufacturing environment. Implications Adopting these targeted corrective measures allows manufacturing enterprises to significantly minimize operational costs, stabilize product quality, and sustain long-term market competitiveness. Highlights: Initial capability measurements revealed a process cycle efficiency of eight point eight percent. Risk priority assessments identified excessive movement and defective outputs as primary operational bottlenecks. Targeted corrective procedures successfully compressed overall production lead times to thirteen thousand eighty-five minutes. Keywords: Process Activity Mapping, Process Cycle Efficiency, Risk Priority Number, Continuous Improvement, DMAIC Methodology
Copyright (c) 2026 Natalia Calysta, Dira Ernawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Lean Bogie Production Optimization Using VSM and E-Kanban System
General Background The railway manufacturing industry faces increasing demands for high operational efficiency and rapid production cycles to remain competitive. Specific Background PT XYZ, a strategic rail vehicle manufacturer in Indonesia, currently experiences significant bottlenecks in its Bogie production line, characterized by high Work-in-Process (WIP) accumulation and excessive lead times. Knowledge Gap While lean methodologies are well-documented, there is limited research providing an integrated framework that combines Value Stream Mapping (VSM) with real-time digital E-Kanban systems for complex bogie manufacturing environments. Aims This study seeks to identify and reduce critical waste—specifically overproduction, waiting, excess inventory, and overprocessing—within the Bogie production line. Results Through Current State VSM and Process Activity Mapping (PAM) under the Value Stream Analysis Tools (VALSAT) framework, the research reveals substantial process inefficiencies. The implementation of a SQL-backed E-Kanban system and synchronized digital dashboards resulted in a lead time reduction from 3,480 minutes to 2,985 minutes, achieving a total saving of 495 minutes. Furthermore, Process Cycle Efficiency (PCE) improved from 75.8% to 88.4%. Novelty This research offers a concrete, scalable framework for shop-floor digital transformation, merging traditional lean principles with real-time digital pull-based signaling. Implications These findings provide PT XYZ and similar heavy-manufacturing sectors with a validated roadmap for operational optimization, demonstrating that digital-lean integration is essential for modernizing manufacturing processes and achieving superior industrial productivity. Highlights Critical waste identified as waiting, inventory, and overprocessing in bogie manufacturing. E-Kanban system implementation reduces production lead time by approximately 14.22%. Process cycle efficiency gains confirm the effectiveness of digital pull-based production control. Keywords: Bogie, E-Kanban, Lean Manufacturing, Process Cycle Efficiency, Value Stream Mapping
Copyright (c) 2026 Arya Dany Ardhiansah, Joumil Aidil Saifuddin Z.S. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Lean Supply Chain Reduces Waste in Medical Garment Manufacturing
General Background: Efficient supply chain and production systems are essential for minimizing non-value-added activities and improving resource utilization in manufacturing operations. Specific Background: PT XYZ, a medical apparel manufacturer producing surgical gowns, still experienced waste in its production flow from raw material receiving to finished products. Knowledge Gap: Previous lean studies mostly focused on internal production processes and had not extensively integrated supply chain analysis, Value Stream Mapping, and systematic continuous improvement in the medical apparel industry. Aims: This study aimed to identify waste in the surgical gown production process and propose improvements using Lean Supply Chain Management, Value Stream Mapping, and Kaizen 5W+1H. Results: Current mapping showed a total lead time of 350 minutes, with 115 minutes of value-added activities, 125 minutes of non-value-added activities, 110 minutes of necessary non-value-added activities, and Process Cycle Efficiency of 32.86%. The highest critical wastes were defect with a weight of 3.83, overprocessing at 3.50, and waiting at 3.33. Simulation of proposed improvements eliminated five non-value-added activities, reduced production time from 350 to 300 minutes, increased efficiency from 32.86% to 38.33%, and achieved 50 minutes of time saving or 14.29%. Novelty: This study integrates Lean Supply Chain Management, VSM, VALSAT, PAM, fishbone analysis, and Kaizen 5W+1H in surgical gown manufacturing. Implications: The proposed model can help PT XYZ reduce waste, improve workflow efficiency, and support continuous improvement in medical apparel manufacturing. Highlights: Five non-value-added activities were eliminated through simulation. Process Cycle Efficiency rose from 32.86% to 38.33%. Defect, overprocessing, and waiting became the main priorities. Keywords: Kaizen, Lean Supply Chain Management, Value Stream Mapping, Waste
Copyright (c) 2026 Lerinda Salma Trinisa, Dira Ernawati, Isna Nugraha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Balancing Fire Door Production Line Using Ranked Positional Weight and Region Method
General Background: Manufacturing productivity requires well-distributed workloads, minimized idle time, and efficient workstation allocation. Specific Background: PT XYZ, a Surabaya manufacturing company producing single fire doors, experienced workload imbalance, work-in-process accumulation, and bottlenecks at the welding workstation. Knowledge Gap: Previous line balancing studies had discussed RPW and Region Approach methods, but limited integration was found between these methods, root-cause analysis through fishbone diagrams, ergonomic considerations, and the technical sequence of single fire door operations. Aims: This study aimed to determine the optimal balancing arrangement for the single fire door production process to improve operational efficiency at PT XYZ. Results: Using a quantitative case-study approach, cycle time, normal time, and standard time were analyzed for 12 work elements observed directly with a stopwatch. The actual condition with four workstations showed 61.90% efficiency, 38.10% Balance Delay, and a Smoothing Index of 148.63 minutes. After optimization using Ranked Positional Weight and Region Approach methods, both methods produced five proposed workstations, increasing efficiency to 97.32%, reducing Balance Delay to 2.68%, lowering the Smoothing Index to 6.26, and reducing idle time from 252.13 to 11.27 minutes. Novelty: This study combines RPW, Region Approach, precedence-based work allocation, fishbone analysis, and ergonomic considerations for single fire door manufacturing. Implications: PT XYZ should standardize work instructions based on the new precedence diagram and apply periodic job rotation for physically demanding stations. Highlights: Operational efficiency increased from 61.90% to 97.32%. Delay fell sharply from 38.10% to 2.68%. Idle duration decreased by 240.86 minutes. Keywords: Bottleneck, Ranked Positional Weight, Region Approach., Line Balancing.
Copyright (c) 2026 Abelia Dhuwi Juwita, Enny Aryanny https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Chemical Retail Growth via Content and Supplier Partnerships
General Background: Chemical retail businesses need adaptive strategies to survive in competitive markets. Specific Background: CV. XYZ faces stable sales, low brand awareness, simple packaging, limited promotion, and strong competition in the chemical trading area. Knowledge Gap: Prior business development studies rarely focus on chemical retail products that require consumer education. Aims: This study formulates priority business development strategies for CV. XYZ using Business Model Canvas, SWOT, and QSPM. Results: The internal condition was strong with an IFE score of 3.681, while the external condition was also strong with an EFE score of 3.4573. SWOT positioning placed CV. XYZ in Quadrant I, supporting an aggressive strategy. QSPM identified educational content on product functions, safety, and benefits through social media and digital catalogs as the top priority, with a TAS of 6.206. Novelty: The study integrates educational marketing and supplier partnership strengthening in chemical retail strategy. Implications: CV. XYZ should develop informative digital promotion, improve brand identity, and strengthen supplier collaboration. Highlights: IFE and EFE scores showed strong strategic conditions. Quadrant I supported aggressive business development. TAS 6.206 placed informative promotion as the top priority. Keyword: Business Model Canvas, Business Development, SWOT, QSPM
Copyright (c) 2026 Ela Kania Samosir, Minto Waluyo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Woven Bag Production Productivity Fluctuated Across OMAX Criteria
General Background: Manufacturing companies must monitor productivity to maintain operational competitiveness. Specific Background: PT XYZ experienced declining woven bag output from 46,005,186 pieces in 2024 to 42,833,617 pieces in 2025. Knowledge Gap: Prior productivity studies often focused only on measurement, while integrated evaluation and improvement formulation remained limited. Aims: This study analyzes woven bag production productivity using OMAX supported by AHP, Traffic Light System, fishbone diagram, and 5W+1H. Results: The study used production data from January to December 2025. Productivity fluctuated, with the highest value in October at 685.60 and the lowest in June at 115.00. AHP showed labor as the most influential criterion with a weight of 22.70%. Traffic Light System results showed many criteria remained in the red category, especially machine working hours. Novelty: The study combines OMAX, AHP, TLS, fishbone, and 5W+1H for a more comprehensive productivity evaluation. Implications: PT XYZ should improve raw material control, workforce performance, machine utilization, and defect reduction. Highlights: October recorded the highest index score. June showed the weakest production performance. Workforce criteria received the largest priority weight. Keywords: 5W+1H, AHP, Fishbone Diagram, Objective Matrix (OMAX), Productivity, Traffic Light System.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sadewa Sadewa, Enny Aryanny https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Customer Loyalty Formation in Sania Cooking Oil Purchases
General Background: Customer loyalty in staple food markets depends on consumer evaluation of value, product performance, brand perception, and post-purchase experience. Specific Background: Sania cooking oil consumers consider price, product quality, and brand image before developing customer trust, purchase intention, purchasing decisions, repurchase behavior, and customer loyalty. Knowledge Gap: The loyalty formation pathway for Sania cooking oil required structural testing across price, product quality, brand image, trust, purchase intention, purchasing decisions, repurchase, and loyalty. Aims: This study aimed to analyze the relationships among price, product quality, brand image, customer trust, purchase intention, purchasing decisions, repurchase, and customer loyalty among Sania cooking oil consumers. Results: Using a descriptive quantitative method, questionnaire data from 140 respondents were analyzed through Structural Equation Modeling with validity, reliability, and significance testing. The results show that price had a positive and significant relationship with customer trust at 0.729, while product quality and brand image showed positive but non-significant relationships at 0.075 and 0.082. Customer trust significantly related to purchase intention at 0.833, purchase intention related to purchasing decisions at 0.820, purchasing decisions related to repurchase at 0.814, and repurchase strongly related to customer loyalty at 0.802. Novelty: This study maps a sequential loyalty formation model for Sania cooking oil consumers. Implications: Management should strengthen value perception and trust-building strategies to support repurchase and loyalty. Highlights: The first exogenous variable recorded a 0.729 significant coefficient. Two other initial predictors were positive but not significant. The strongest final pathway coefficient reached 0.802. Keywords: Sania Cooking Oil, Customer Loyalty, Customer Trust, Purchase Intention, Structural Equation Modeling
Copyright (c) 2026 Nuzulia Salmafitri, Minto Waluyo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
7P Marketing Mix Shapes Consumer Responses in the Restaurant Sector
General Background: Restaurant sector competition requires marketing strategies that can shape consumer responses from purchase interest to repeat purchase behavior. Specific Background: Mie Gacoan Jombang applies the 7P marketing mix, including product, price, place, promotion, people, process, and physical evidence, to attract consumers and support business continuity. Knowledge Gap: The relationship between the 7P marketing mix, purchase interest, purchase decisions, customer satisfaction, and repeat purchases required integrated structural testing in the Mie Gacoan Jombang context. Aims: This study aimed to examine the relationship between the 7P marketing mix and purchase interest, as well as the sequential relationships among purchase interest, purchase decisions, customer satisfaction, and repeat purchases. Results: Using Covariance-Based Structural Equation Modeling with questionnaire data, the findings show that product, place, promotion, people, process, and physical evidence significantly affected purchase interest, while price had no significant effect. Purchase interest significantly influenced purchase decisions, purchase decisions significantly influenced customer satisfaction, and customer satisfaction significantly influenced repeat purchases. Novelty: This study integrates the 7P marketing mix with a sequential consumer response model in the restaurant sector. Implications: Mie Gacoan Jombang should prioritize non-price marketing elements and maintain post-purchase experience to support continued consumer transactions. Highlights: Six service elements showed significant relationships with buying interest. Pricing was not significant in the tested model. CB-SEM connected intention, decision, satisfaction, and return behavior. Keywords: Customer Satisfaction, Marketing Mix 7P, Purchase Decision, Purchase Interest, Repeat Purchase.
Copyright (c) 2026 Siti Zulaikhah, Minto Waluyo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
DuPont and EVA Integration Reveals Four Years of Uninterrupted Value Destruction in Indonesia's State-Owned Forestry Enterprise, 2021–2025
General Background: Financial performance evaluation is essential for assessing accountability, efficiency, profitability, and long-term value creation in state-owned enterprises operating in strategic sectors. Specific Background: Company XYZ, an Indonesian state-owned forestry enterprise, maintained relatively high revenue during 2021–2025 while Net Profit Margin and Return on Equity showed a sustained decline. Knowledge Gap: Previous studies often examine DuPont Analysis and Economic Value Added separately and focus mainly on profit-oriented companies, leaving limited integrated evidence for forestry-based state-owned enterprises with social and ecological mandates. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the financial performance of Company XYZ during 2021–2025 by integrating DuPont Analysis, Economic Value Added, and Root Cause Analysis using the 5 Whys approach. Results: Return on Equity rose temporarily from 3.72% in 2021 to 4.62% in 2022, then declined to 0.66% in 2025. Net Profit Margin fell from 11.43% in 2022 to 1.94% in 2025, while Total Asset Turnover weakened and Equity Multiplier remained relatively stable. Economic Value Added was positive only in 2021 and became negative from 2022 to 2025, reaching minus IDR 1.20 trillion in 2025. Novelty: This study combines DuPont Analysis, Economic Value Added, and 5 Whys Root Cause Analysis to assess accounting-based and economic-based performance. Implications: Company XYZ should integrate EVA with ROE, optimize NOPAT, control invested capital growth, improve operational efficiency, and diversify beyond primary commodities. Highlights: Net Profit Margin decline drove the ROE fall from 4.62% to 0.66%. Capital Employed increased while NOPAT contracted after 2022. Commodity revenue dependence and underused assets were root causes. Keywords: DuPont Analysis, Economic Value Added, Financial Performance
Copyright (c) 2026 Fikri Edriko Kurniawan, Iriani Iriani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Service Quality Priorities at Purabaya Bus Terminal Using Service Quality, Model Kano, and 5 Why’s
General Background: Service quality is a critical determinant of passenger satisfaction in public transportation terminals. Specific Background: Purabaya Type A Bus Terminal plays a strategic role in supporting mobility in Surabaya, yet several service attributes remain below passenger expectations. Knowledge Gap: Previous studies have primarily measured passenger satisfaction without integrating service quality assessment, service attribute classification, and root cause analysis into a unified framework. Aims: This study aimed to identify priority service attributes requiring improvement and formulate appropriate improvement strategies using the Service Quality (SERVQUAL), Kano Model, and 5 Whys methods. Results: A quantitative study involving 96 passengers found an overall service quality score of 0.78 (Q < 1), indicating that existing services have not met passenger expectations. Eight priority attributes were identified, including bus operational standards, toilet cleanliness, schedule punctuality, prayer facilities, waiting room facilities, trusted bus operators, complaint responsiveness, and terminal security. These attributes were classified as Must-be in the Kano Model, indicating fundamental passenger requirements. Root cause analysis generated targeted recommendations, including strengthened facility maintenance, digital information and complaint systems, improved service supervision, and optimized security patrols. Novelty: This study integrates SERVQUAL, the Kano Model, and 5 Whys into a systematic framework that identifies priority service attributes while providing root-cause-based improvement strategies for public transportation terminals. Implications: The findings provide practical guidance for terminal management in prioritizing service improvements that address essential passenger needs and support continuous service quality management. Highlights: Overall service performance remained below passenger expectations with a quality score of 0.78. Eight fundamental service attributes were identified as the highest priorities for improvement. Root-cause analysis produced targeted recommendations for operational and facility management. Keywords: 5 Why’s, Kano Model, Passenger Satisfaction, Service Quality
Copyright (c) 2026 Vanesha Simanjuntak, Enny Aryanni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
High Postural Risk in Air Fin Cooler Maintenance Operators
General Background: Ergonomic work posture assessment is essential for reducing musculoskeletal disorder risk and supporting occupational safety in industrial maintenance activities. Specific Background: PT XYZ, a petrochemical company in the Gresik Industrial Area, operates 94 Air Fin Cooler units maintained by 38 operators who work for 2 to 16 hours at approximately 2 meters height in non-ergonomic postures. Knowledge Gap: A comprehensive assessment combining Ovako Working Posture Analysis System and Loading on the Entire Body Assessment had not been fully applied to Air Fin Cooler maintenance operators. Aims: This study aimed to assess working posture risk among Air Fin Cooler maintenance operators using OWAS and LEBA and to provide ergonomic improvement recommendations. Results: OWAS assessment showed that 19 operators, or 50%, were at action level 1; 11 operators, or 28.9%, were at action level 2; and 8 operators, or 21.1%, were at action level 3, with OWAS code 2362 identified as the most hazardous posture. LEBA results showed no operators in the low-risk category, with a mean total score of 14.6 in the high category. In total, 22 operators, or 57.9%, were in the high category, while 6 operators, or 15.8%, were in the very high category. Novelty: This study combines OWAS and LEBA to evaluate whole-body postural load in petrochemical maintenance work. Implications: Recommended actions include an Industrial Folding Ladder, improved scaffolding design, and active rest for 10–15 minutes every 45–60 minutes. Highlights: OWAS code 2362 was identified as the most hazardous posture. No operator was classified in the low-risk LEBA category. Active rest and safer access equipment were recommended. Keywords: Air Fin Cooler, Ergonomics, LEBA, Musculoskeletal Disorders, OWAS
Copyright (c) 2026 Aqsa Syahputra Dewandaru, Tranggono Tranggono, Rizki Novita Sari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Synergy of Service Quality, Delivery Timeliness, and Tracking System Facilities in Enhancing Customer Satisfaction (A Case Study of JNE Express Bojonegoro Branch)
General Background: Logistics companies must maintain customer satisfaction amid digital commerce growth and intense courier competition. Specific Background: JNE Express Bojonegoro faces pressure from competitors, declining Top Brand Index performance, and rising consumer expectations for reliable delivery and digital tracking. Knowledge Gap: The combined role of service quality, delivery timeliness, and tracking system facilities required empirical testing in the Bojonegoro branch context. Aims: This study analyzes the simultaneous and partial relationships between service quality, delivery timeliness, tracking system facilities, and customer satisfaction. Results: Using a quantitative associative approach, data from 100 purposively selected respondents were analyzed through multiple linear regression with SPSS 25. The F-test showed that all three variables significantly related to customer satisfaction, with F = 40.596 and significance 0.000. Partial testing also showed positive significant results for service quality, delivery timeliness, and tracking system facilities. The model produced R = 0.961 and R Square = 0.924, meaning 92.4% of customer satisfaction variation was explained by the three variables. Novelty: This study integrates human service performance and digital tracking reliability in a local logistics service model. Implications: JNE Bojonegoro should prioritize responsive service, punctual delivery, and accurate user-friendly tracking. Highlights: The regression model explained 92.4% of outcome variation. All tested variables showed positive significant results. Digital transparency and punctuality supported user trust. Keywords: Service Quality, Delivery Timeliness, Tracking System, Customer Satisfaction, JNE Express.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Falihul Royhan, Yanda Bara Kusuma https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Push, Pull, and Mooring Factors in Consumer Switching and Continuance Intention in the Fuel Industry
General Background: Consumer switching behavior is important in essential service markets because purchasing decisions are shaped by dissatisfaction, alternative attractiveness, and switching barriers. Specific Background: In the fuel industry, consumers may move from local to private providers when prior service experiences reduce trust and create perceptions of higher value from alternative providers. Knowledge Gap: Previous Push Pull Mooring studies have been widely applied in e-commerce, digital banking, and technology-based services, while their application in the fuel industry remains limited, particularly in a model linking switching intention, switching behavior, and continuance intention. Aims: This study aimed to analyze push, pull, and mooring factors on switching intention, switching behavior, and continuance intention among fuel consumers. Results: Using a quantitative approach with covariance-based Structural Equation Modeling through AMOS, data from 140 respondents showed that push factors had a positive and significant relationship with switching intention. Pull and mooring factors were not significant. Switching intention significantly related to switching behavior, and switching behavior significantly related to continuance intention. The modified model met goodness-of-fit criteria, with probability of 0.376, CMIN/DF of 1.045, RMSEA of 0.018, GFI of 0.937, TLI of 0.991, and CFI of 0.994. Novelty: This study applies the Push Pull Mooring framework to consumer switching in the fuel industry. Implications: The findings suggest that providers should prioritize reducing dissatisfaction, strengthening service reliability, and maintaining positive post-switching experiences. Highlights: Prior dissatisfaction became the main reason behind consumer movement. Alternative attractiveness and barriers were not statistically significant. Actual movement supported continued private provider usage. Keywords: Continuance Intention, Push-Pull-Mooring, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), Switching Intention, Switching Behavior
Copyright (c) 2026 Lovia Vioni Putri Jatmiko, Minto Waluyo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Governance Risk And Asset-Backed Integrity In Islamic Gold Financing
General Background Islamic gold financing products have expanded considerably over the past decade. Specific Background However, this rapid growth in Malaysia and Indonesia has been overshadowed by recurrent governance failures causing severe customer losses, alongside similar platform collapses in China. Knowledge Gap Current scholarship primarily evaluates the formal contractual validity of these transactions while ignoring whether the financial claims are genuinely supported by physical assets at the operational level. Aims This study examines the structural governance risks preventing the realization of maqashid al-Shariah objectives in gold products and proposes the Asset-Backed Integrity framework as a corrective mechanism. Results Through a qualitative comparative case study of six institutional failures and reforms, the analysis identifies three universal governance failure patterns across regulatory environments: allocation deficits, self-custody conflicts, and insufficient Shariah Supervisory Board oversight. Novelty This research conceptualizes the governance-practice gap and operationalizes the maqashid principle of hifz al-mal into three strictly verifiable institutional pillars encompassing Allocation Integrity, Custodian Integrity, and Delivery Integrity. Implications Regulators and Shariah boards must systematically shift their policy focus away from initial ex-ante contract approval toward mandatory and continuous operational verification to ensure customer wealth protection. Highlights Cross-jurisdictional case studies reveal consistent operational failures regarding physical inventory shortages and commingled custody. Current Shariah supervisory structures lack the necessary technical mechanisms to continuously verify commodity holdings. Continuous operational verification mechanisms successfully enforce wealth protection principles over initial contract certification. Keywords Maqashid Al-Shariah; Operational Verification; Shariah Supervisory Board; Commodity Backing; Customer Wealth Protection
Copyright (c) 2026 Ella Annissa, Muallif Masyhuri, Dian Alasta Selian https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Marketing Factors in Local Food and Beverage Consumers Purchase Decisions and Repurchase Intentions
General Background: Social commerce has transformed digital consumer behavior by integrating social media interactions with online purchasing, creating new opportunities for local food and beverage (F&B) businesses to engage consumers. Specific Background: TikTok Go supports an online-to-offline (O2O) voucher system that combines promotional activities and purchasing transactions; however, the roles of price discount, social media marketing, and electronic word of mouth (e-WOM) in shaping purchase decision and repurchase intention remain uncertain. Knowledge Gap: Previous studies have reported inconsistent findings and have primarily focused on conventional e-commerce platforms rather than TikTok-based social commerce employing an O2O voucher mechanism. Aims: This study analyzes the relationships among price discount, social media marketing, e-WOM, purchase decision, and repurchase intention among local F&B consumers in Surabaya using TikTok Go. Results: Data collected from 160 respondents and analyzed using Covariance-Based Structural Equation Modeling (CB-SEM) indicate that price discount, social media marketing, and e-WOM significantly contribute to purchase decision. Repurchase intention is significantly associated with e-WOM and purchase decision, whereas price discount and social media marketing show positive but statistically insignificant relationships with repurchase intention. Novelty: This study develops a structural model within a TikTok Go O2O social commerce setting, extending digital marketing literature beyond conventional e-commerce platforms. Implications: The findings highlight the strategic importance of strengthening digital consumer reviews and encouraging favorable purchase experiences to support sustainable customer retention among local F&B businesses operating through TikTok-based social commerce. Highlights: Consumer reviews became the strongest driver of repeated purchasing behavior. Promotional pricing and digital campaigns consistently supported initial buying decisions. Structural equation modeling explained relationships among major marketing constructs within the O2O purchasing context. Keywords: Price Discount, Social Media Marketing, e-WOM, Purchase Decision, Repurchase Intention
Copyright (c) 2026 Nisfal Laily, Minto Waluyo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Price Dominance on Loyalty and Repurchase of Bottled Water
General Background: Bottled water is an essential consumer product in urban markets, where intense competition requires firms to understand purchase decisions, brand loyalty, and repurchase intention. Specific Background: A new bottled water brand faced competitive pressure from established brands, low brand familiarity, promotional challenges, and a reputation issue related to consumer doubts about product quality and water source clarity. Knowledge Gap: Previous bottled water studies have reported inconsistent findings regarding brand image, brand awareness, price, and promotion in shaping purchase decisions, loyalty, and repeat buying behavior. Aims: This study aimed to analyze the relationships between brand image, brand awareness, price, promotion, purchase decision, brand loyalty, and repurchase intention for bottled water consumers. Results: Using survey data from 180 respondents and Covariance Based Structural Equation Modeling with AMOS 26, the study found that brand image and price significantly related to purchase decisions, while brand awareness and promotion were not significant. Brand awareness and price significantly related to brand loyalty, whereas brand image and promotion were not significant. Price was the only external variable with a significant direct relationship with repurchase intention. Purchase decision significantly related to brand loyalty, and brand loyalty significantly related to repurchase intention. Novelty: This study develops an integrated bottled water consumer behavior model under brand crisis and competitive marketing conditions. Implications: The findings suggest that competitive pricing, stable brand familiarity, reliable product experience, and stronger loyalty-building programs are central to sustaining repeat consumption. Highlights: Brand reputation and pricing shaped initial buying choice. Familiarity and price stability supported long-term attachment. Repeat consumption depended mainly on loyalty formation. Keywords: Bottled Water, Brand Loyalty, Purchase Decisions, Repurchase Intention
Copyright (c) 2026 Joice Putri Ulina Panjaitan, Minto Waluyo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Digital Literacy Product Innovation and Entrepreneurial Orientation Predict SME Business Performance
General Background Micro, small, and medium enterprises are fundamental to national economic growth, job creation, and sustainable economic inclusivity. Specific Background In Yogyakarta, these ventures operate across various creative sectors, playing a crucial role in local economic development and community welfare. Knowledge Gap Previous studies have separately explored technology adoption, creative development, and business mindsets, but no empirical research has simultaneously integrated these three elements within a single comprehensive model specifically for this region. Aims This study proves whether digital capabilities, creative output, and proactive mindsets predict operational outcomes among these local enterprises. Results Utilizing a quantitative ex post facto approach with a purposive sample of 100 enterprise actors, multiple linear regression analysis reveals that the three variables positively and significantly predict operational outcomes, jointly contributing 63.1 percent to the observed variance. Novelty The research originality lies in simultaneously testing these three specific elements together within the distinct empirical context of Yogyakarta's local economy. Implications Owners must continuously develop their technological skills, create novel offerings, and maintain a proactive mindset to ensure market competitiveness, while local governments should provide targeted technological training programs to support struggling enterprises. Highlights Technological competence correlates positively with operational success for local ventures. Novel merchandise creation establishes distinct market advantages and customer satisfaction. A proactive risk-taking attitude functions as the strongest determinant of venture longevity. Keywords Digital Literacy; Product Innovation; Entrepreneurial Orientation; SME Performance; Yogyakarta City
Copyright (c) 2026 Setiawan Arinda Nugraha, Nandang Nandang, Azizah Fauziyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
GSCA Marketing Mix Priorities for Cafe MSME Sustainability
General Background: Cafe MSMEs operate in an increasingly competitive food and beverage market that requires strong strategic positioning and long-term business continuity. Specific Background: STMJ Bu Mun, a traditional culinary MSME in Surabaya, faces intensified cafe competition while maintaining product originality and adapting to modern consumer expectations. Knowledge Gap: Limited evidence explains how the 9P marketing mix contributes to competitiveness and business sustainability in traditional cafe MSMEs using Generalized Structured Component Analysis. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the role of product, price, place, promotion, people, process, physical evidence, payment, and packaging in shaping competitiveness and sustainability at STMJ Bu Mun. Results: Data from 100 active customers analyzed using GSCA showed that product, place, promotion, people, process, payment, and packaging significantly supported competitiveness. Business sustainability was significantly associated with product, price, people, process, physical evidence, payment, packaging, and competitiveness. Place emerged as the most dominant variable for competitiveness, while competitiveness was the largest variable related to business sustainability. Novelty: This study applies the 9P marketing mix through GSCA to identify strategic priorities for a traditional cafe MSME in Surabaya. Implications: STMJ Bu Mun should strengthen product originality, service quality, competitive pricing, operational efficiency, facility cleanliness, and digital payment availability to support long-term viability. Highlights: Location became the strongest route toward market strength. Seven service elements significantly supported rivalry capacity. Digital transactions and packaging were relevant strategic components. Keywords: Competitiveness, Business Sustainability, GSCA, Marketing Mix 9P, MSME
Copyright (c) 2026 Masrizal Yusuf Hidayat, Moch. Tutuk Safirin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Price Satisfaction Taste and Local Sausage Word of Mouth
General Background: Word of mouth is a central marketing mechanism in competitive frozen food markets because satisfied consumers can recommend products and share positive consumption experiences with others. Specific Background: A local sausage product in Jombang Regency competes in the growing Indonesian frozen food sector, where consumers value practical food products, appropriate pricing, satisfaction, and taste. Knowledge Gap: Previous word of mouth research has often examined well-known brands, while evidence on local frozen food products that are still developing public brand recognition remains limited. Aims: This study aimed to analyze the partial and simultaneous relationships between price, consumer satisfaction, taste, and word of mouth among local sausage consumers in Jombang Regency. Results: Using a quantitative survey with purposive sampling, data from 156 respondents were analyzed through multiple linear regression using IBM SPSS Statistics. The findings show that price, consumer satisfaction, and taste had positive and significant relationships with word of mouth, both partially and simultaneously. Taste recorded the strongest standardized coefficient at 0.628, followed by consumer satisfaction at 0.586 and price at 0.411. The F-test showed a significant simultaneous relationship, with F = 245.977 and p = 0.000. Novelty: This study examines price, satisfaction, and taste together in a local frozen sausage word of mouth model. Implications: The findings suggest that maintaining preferred taste, consumer satisfaction, and suitable pricing can strengthen recommendation behavior and positive product communication. Highlights: Flavor perception recorded the strongest standardized coefficient. Buyer contentment showed a significant positive relationship. Cost suitability also supported recommendation behavior. Keywords: Price, Consumer Satisfaction, Taste, Word of Mouth
Copyright (c) 2026 Ovia Putri Rahmadani, R. Yuniardi Rusdianto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Work Engagement Dominates Productivity in Indonesian Electricity Utility Employees
General Background: Employee productivity remains a fundamental determinant of organizational performance, particularly in public utility organizations operating in increasingly dynamic work environments. Specific Background: Maintaining high work productivity requires organizations to balance employees' personal and professional responsibilities while cultivating organizational values and strengthening employee engagement. At PT PLN (Persero) UP3 Surabaya Utara, variations in productivity, uneven workloads, and delays in task completion indicate the need to examine organizational and individual factors associated with employee productivity. Knowledge Gap: Previous studies have separately examined work-life balance, organizational work culture, and work engagement, whereas empirical evidence integrating these variables within Indonesian electricity utility services remains limited. Aims: This study analyzes the relationships of Work-Life Balance, AKHLAK Work Culture, and Work Engagement with employee work productivity. Results: Using a quantitative approach with multiple linear regression on data collected from 76 employees, the findings demonstrate that all three variables simultaneously and partially show positive and significant relationships with work productivity. The coefficient of determination (R² = 0.822) indicates that the proposed model explains 82.2% of the variation in employee productivity, with Work Engagement representing the strongest contributor among the examined variables. Novelty: This study integrates Work-Life Balance, AKHLAK Work Culture, and Work Engagement into a single empirical model within the Indonesian electricity utility sector while identifying the dominant contribution of Work Engagement. Implications: The findings provide practical guidance for utility organizations to strengthen employee engagement alongside organizational culture and work-life balance initiatives to sustain higher levels of workforce productivity. Highlights: Employee involvement contributed the largest coefficient within the productivity model. Organizational values and personal balance consistently supported workforce performance. The proposed regression model accounted for most observed productivity variation Keywords: Work-Life Balance, AKHLAK Work Culture, Work Engagement, Employee Work Productivity, Human Resource Management
Copyright (c) 2026 Made Ayu Alivy Khumaira, Maharani Ikaningtyas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Employee Performance Tied to Training and Facilities Not Workload
General Background The rapid technological expansion in Indonesia demands highly competent human resources to support network service operations. Specific Background PT Citratel Regional Sidoarjo experienced a severe decline in work order completions, dropping from 94.4 percent to 52.2 percent between November 2025 and March 2026. Knowledge Gap Previous literature rarely integrates job training, workload, and work facilities simultaneously within the context of technology-based network service providers. Aims This study investigates the concurrent and individual relationships between job training, workload, work facilities, and employee performance at PT Citratel Regional Sidoarjo. Results Quantitative analysis using multiple linear regression on a census of 70 employees demonstrates that job training, workload, and work facilities jointly predict 57.7 percent of employee performance. However, partial testing reveals that only job training and work facilities positively and significantly dictate performance outcomes. Workload exhibits no significant statistical relationship with performance, as technicians have successfully adapted to daily operational demands. Novelty This research highlights that technician adaptation neutralizes workload pressures, rendering training and facility adequacy the true operational drivers in technology network services. Implications Organizations must prioritize structured training programs and comprehensive equipment provision over workload reduction strategies to optimize human resource output. Future studies should incorporate leadership and motivation variables across broader populations to validate these findings. Highlights: Structured skill development initiatives significantly optimize technician output and operational success. Daily task volumes do not restrict personnel productivity due to high daily adaptation levels. Adequate physical equipment provision directly correlates with higher task completion rates. Keywords: Job Training, Workload Pressure, Work Facilities, Employee Performance, Network Services
Copyright (c) 2026 Findi Afifatur Rodiyah, Maharani Ikaningtyas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Brand Image Product Quality annd Word of Mouth Predict Tradisional Muslim Cap Loyalty
General Background: Consumer loyalty is essential for sustaining competitiveness in traditional craft industries amid increasing market competition. Specific Background: Producers of traditional Muslim caps face challenges in retaining loyal customers through brand image, product quality, and word-of-mouth communication. Knowledge Gap: Previous studies have predominantly examined these determinants in modern industries, while evidence from traditional craft businesses remains limited. Aims: This study investigates the relationships of brand image, product quality, and word-of-mouth communication with consumer loyalty toward Surya Mas National Songkok products in Peterongan District, Jombang Regency. Methods: A quantitative approach was employed using purposive sampling of 91 consumers. Data were analyzed through multiple linear regression, coefficient of determination, t-tests, and F-tests using IBM SPSS Statistics 27. Results: Brand image, product quality, and word-of-mouth communication were positively and significantly associated with consumer loyalty, both individually and simultaneously. The regression model explained 90.8% of the variation in consumer loyalty (R² = 0.908). Novelty: This study extends consumer loyalty research by examining these three determinants simultaneously within the traditional Muslim cap industry. Implications: The findings provide practical guidance for traditional craft enterprises in strengthening consumer loyalty through integrated marketing strategies emphasizing brand image, product quality, and positive customer communication. Highlights: Brand perception demonstrated the strongest relationship with repeat purchasing behavior. Product attributes consistently contributed to customer retention. Positive customer recommendations supported sustained purchasing decisions. Keywords: Brand Image, Product Quality, Word-of-Mouth Communication, Consumer Loyalty
Copyright (c) 2026 Nova Rosa Indrawati, Maharani Ikaningtyas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Batam GRDP Centered on Manufacturing Construction and Hospitality
General Background: Regional economic growth is a key benchmark for assessing development success and sectoral performance. Specific Background: Batam City has distinct economic characteristics as a Special Economic Zone with a strategic location on international trade routes, making sectoral contributions to Gross Regional Domestic Product important for regional planning. Knowledge Gap: Previous studies generally examined strategic sectors separately, while integrated empirical evidence comparing manufacturing, construction, and accommodation and food service sectors in one model remained limited. Aims: This study aimed to analyze the individual and collective roles of manufacturing, construction, and accommodation and food service sectors in Batam City’s economic growth using secondary time series data from 2016–2025 obtained from BPS and analyzed through OLS regression with EViews. Results: The regression model showed positive and significant coefficients for manufacturing at 0.7049, construction at 0.3419, and accommodation and food services at 0.0400. The F test was significant with a probability value of 0.000032, while the adjusted R square value reached 0.9629, indicating that the three sectors explained 96.29% of variation in economic growth. Novelty: This study integrates three strategic sectors into one empirical model using post recovery period data. Implications: Batam’s development strategy should maintain industrial competitiveness while strengthening infrastructure quality and service sector expansion to support a more balanced and resilient regional economy. Highlights: Secondary industry recorded the highest coefficient at 0.7049. Infrastructure activity showed a significant positive coefficient at 0.3419. Service accommodation contributed positively with a smaller coefficient. Keywords: Economic Growth, Industrial Sector, Construction, Regional GDP
Copyright (c) 2026 Dania Nur Arifah, Marseto Marseto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Cosmetics Repurchase Intention Rises With Product Innovation Quality and Reviews
General Background: Indonesia’s cosmetics industry continues to grow alongside digital marketing, young consumer demand, and rising attention to safe, ethical, and environmentally oriented beauty products. Specific Background: Luxcrime competes as a local cosmetics brand through product development, product quality, and digital consumer reviews across platforms such as Shopee, TikTok, Instagram, and YouTube. Knowledge Gap: The study addresses the need to examine how product innovation, product quality, and product reviews relate to consumer purchase intention toward Luxcrime products in Surabaya. Aims: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between product innovation, product quality, product reviews, and consumers’ purchase intention toward Luxcrime products. Results: Using a quantitative associative approach, the study involved 100 female consumers in Surabaya aged 17–36 years selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using validity testing, reliability testing, classical assumption testing, multiple linear regression, t-test, F-test, and coefficient of determination testing. The findings show that product innovation, product quality, and product reviews each had a positive and significant relationship with purchase intention. Simultaneously, the three variables also showed a positive and significant relationship with purchase intention toward Luxcrime products in Surabaya. Novelty: The study combines innovation, quality, and user generated review dimensions in one purchase intention model for a local cosmetics brand. Implications: Luxcrime should continuously develop product innovation, maintain product quality, and monitor consumer reviews to sustain purchase intention. Highlights: One hundred female respondents were analyzed. All three predictors showed significant positive results. Questionnaire data were tested through regression procedures. Keywords: Product Innovation, Product Quality, Product Reviews, Purchase Intention.
Copyright (c) 2026 Amelia Kansa Khalisa, Indah Respati Kusumasari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Do “Greener” Strategies Drive Profitability In Emerging Economies?
General Background: Growing environmental concerns have encouraged firms to adopt green accounting practices to support sustainable business development. Specific Background: Emerging economies continue to face institutional and technological challenges that may limit the financial outcomes of sustainability initiatives. Knowledge Gap: Comparative evidence on the financial implications of green accounting and the moderating role of green innovation across BRIC and CIVETS countries remains limited. Aims: This study examines the relationships between ESG performance, carbon performance, carbon emission disclosure, and financial performance while assessing the moderating role of green innovation. Methods: Using 952 firm-year observations from BRIC and CIVETS countries during 2018–2024, the study applies panel regression, Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA), and Seemingly Unrelated Estimation (SUEST). Results: Carbon performance is negatively associated with financial performance, indicating that firms with higher carbon emission intensity tend to report lower profitability. In contrast, ESG performance, carbon emission disclosure, and the moderating role of green innovation do not show significant relationships with financial performance. Novelty: This study provides comparative evidence from BRIC and CIVETS economies by integrating green accounting indicators and green innovation within the Natural Resource-Based View framework. Implications: The findings highlight carbon efficiency as a key sustainability factor associated with profitability and provide insights for managers and policymakers in strengthening environmental strategies within emerging economies. Highlights: Higher carbon emission intensity is associated with lower corporate profitability. ESG performance and carbon disclosure show no significant financial relationship. Green innovation does not strengthen sustainability–profitability relationships. Keywords: Green Accounting, Green Innovation, Financial Performance, BRIC, CIVETS
Copyright (c) 2026 Ruth Samantha Hamzah, Patmawati Patmawati, Muhammad Andri Zuliansyah, Rizka Novelia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Student Consumptive Behavior Rises With Fintech and Declines With Financial Management
General Background: Digital financial services have become closely linked to student consumption patterns in the era of technology based transactions. Specific Background: Students at Sali Al Aitaam University use financial technology within a social environment shaped by digital media, instant lifestyles, and personal financial decision making. Knowledge Gap: The study addresses the need to examine how financial technology and financial management relate to consumptive behavior among vocational faculty students. Aims: This study aimed to determine the relationship between financial technology, financial management, and consumptive behavior using a quantitative survey of 60 students selected through simple random sampling and analyzed with SPSS version 21.0. Results: Financial technology and financial management simultaneously showed a significant relationship with consumptive behavior, with an F value of 137.670 and significance below 0.001. Financial technology showed a positive coefficient of 0.867, while financial management showed a negative coefficient of -0.689. The model produced an R value of 0.910 and an R Square of 0.828, indicating that both variables explained 82.8% of consumptive behavior, while 17.2% was related to factors outside the study. Novelty: The study positions fintech use and financial management as contrasting predictors of student consumptive behavior in the same regression model. Implications: The findings indicate the importance of strengthening financial management awareness while recognizing how fintech convenience can intensify consumptive tendencies. Highlights: Combined predictors explained 82.8% of variance. Digital transaction use showed a positive coefficient. Money management showed a negative coefficient. Keywords: Consumptive Behavior, Financial Literacy, Financial Management, Financial Technology
Copyright (c) 2026 Fatimah Nurjannati Iskandar, Keni Kaniawati, Titin Kartini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Brand Awareness Quality and Loyalty Separate Momoyo and Mixue
General Background: Brand equity is essential in competitive food and beverage franchise markets because consumers evaluate brands through awareness, association, perceived quality, and loyalty. Specific Background: Two ice cream and tea franchise brands in Surabaya were compared because preliminary survey findings showed unequal consumer preference and taste as the main product selection consideration. Knowledge Gap: Prior studies have discussed brand equity dimensions, yet comparative evidence on brand awareness, brand association, perceived quality, and brand loyalty in contemporary ice cream and tea franchise consumers remains limited. Aims: This study aimed to compare brand equity dimensions between two ice cream and tea franchise brands among consumers in Surabaya. Results: Using a quantitative comparative approach with 100 respondents and Independent Samples T-Test analysis, the findings show significant differences in brand awareness, perceived quality, and brand loyalty, each with a significance value of 0.000. Brand association showed no significant difference, with a significance value of 0.259. One brand was stronger in recognition, purchase, consistent quality, word of mouth, and repeat purchasing, while the other was stronger in recall, consumption, acceptable quality, consistent performance, and rejection of other brands. Novelty: This study compares four brand equity dimensions simultaneously in the ice cream and tea franchise context. Implications: The findings support brand strategy development based on differentiated awareness, quality perception, and loyalty indicators. Highlights: Association patterns were statistically similar between both brands. Consumer recognition and recall showed different competitive strengths. Repeat purchasing and recommendation behavior differed significantly. Keywords: Brand Awareness, Brand Association, Perceived Quality, Brand Loyalty
Copyright (c) 2026 Adinda Putri Eka Oktaviani, Sonja Andarini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Digital Marketing Strategy Analysis to Improve Public Purchase Decisions for Persebaya Store Products in Surabaya
General Background Football functions as a massive social and cultural phenomenon driving community identity and lifestyle consumption. Specific Background Persebaya Surabaya utilizes social media platforms and online marketplaces to market official team retail products directly to their dedicated fan base. Knowledge Gap Previous studies reveal mixed outcomes regarding digital promotion strategies, necessitating specific contextual research on how these online approaches interact with fluctuating sports retail sales. Aims This qualitative research investigates the application of online promotional strategies and consumer behavior in shaping buying choices among Surabaya residents. Results Descriptive analysis indicates that attractive visual content, active follower interactions on platforms like Instagram and TikTok, and seamless electronic transactions strongly motivate consumer buying. Additionally, the deep-rooted dedication of Bonek supporters serves as a fundamental emotional driver for acquiring official team apparel. Novelty This study distinctly integrates online promotion mechanisms with unique sports fan fanaticism to explain complex purchasing patterns within localized urban cultures. Implications Sports retail management must continuously innovate creative online approaches while maintaining strong community engagement to sustain long-term business growth. Highlights: Interactive online promotions significantly stimulate consumer buying behavior for team apparel. Seamless electronic transactions via marketplaces facilitate easier acquisition of official products. Deep-rooted supporter dedication functions as a primary emotional trigger for retail transactions. Keywords: Online Promotion, Supporter Dedication, Buying Behavior, Sports Apparel, Social Media
Copyright (c) 2026 Natasya Olivia. Cahyanti., Indah Respati Kusumasari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Audit Quality Indicators - A Case of Public Accountant Firms in Palembang, Indonesia
General Background: Audit quality is essential for strengthening financial statement reliability, public accountability, and stakeholder confidence in public accounting services. Specific Background: Public Accounting Firms in Palembang, South Sumatra, operate amid concerns over audit quality and the need to deliver reliable audit services to clients. Knowledge Gap: Audit quality indicators in Palembang-based Public Accounting Firms required empirical examination across workload, business skills, audit rotation, audit tenure, satisfaction survey results, partner compensation, PCAOB examination results, and litigation-related indicators. Aims: This study aimed to identify and analyze audit quality in Public Accounting Firms in Palembang by testing multiple audit quality indicators. Results: The study used quantitative analysis through observation, interviews, and questionnaires involving 25 auditors from nine Public Accounting Firms in Palembang. Multiple linear regression results showed that audit rotation, audit tenure, and client satisfaction survey results influenced audit quality. Meanwhile, audit workload, business skills, employee satisfaction survey results, partner compensation, PCAOB examination results, and Public Accounting Firm litigation did not influence audit quality. Novelty: This study examines audit quality using multiple Public Accounting Firm indicators within the Palembang audit service context. Implications: Public Accounting Firms can focus on rotation practices, engagement duration, and client satisfaction feedback while reviewing other indicators that did not show a relationship in the tested model. Highlights: Twenty five auditors from nine firms were surveyed. Three tested indicators showed relevant statistical results. Several workload and compensation measures were not supported. Keywords: Audit Quality, Audit Workload, Audit Rotation, Audit Tenure, Client Satisfaction Survey
Copyright (c) 2026 Asfeni Nurullah, Eka Meirawati, Ruth Samantha Hamzah, Efva Octavina Donata Gozali https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Corporate Tax Avoidance Determinants Based on Financial Ratios and Firm Size
General Background Taxes serve as a primary revenue source for national development, making corporate compliance a critical priority for maintaining fiscal stability. Specific Background Within the Indonesian food and beverage sector, several entities consistently report cash effective tax rates below the standard corporate threshold, indicating prevalent fiscal planning practices. Knowledge Gap Previous literature presents inconsistent findings regarding how financial metrics and governance mechanisms drive corporate tax planning, particularly concerning the interactive capacity of firm dimensions. Aims This research analyzes the relationship between profitability, leverage, capital intensity, and audit committees on tax evasion practices, incorporating corporate scale as a moderating variable. Results Panel data regression analysis of 47 companies from 2020 to 2024 demonstrates that higher profitability and capital intensity reduce tax evasion tendencies, whereas leverage increases these practices. The audit committee shows no significant relationship with corporate tax decisions. Furthermore, corporate scale successfully alters the connection between capital intensity and tax evasion, but fails to moderate the other financial and governance variables. Novelty This study clarifies the boundaries of agency theory by proving that large corporate dimensions exclusively limit tax planning strategies related to fixed asset depreciation rather than debt or profitability. Implications Policymakers should tighten supervision on highly leveraged firms, while stakeholders must recognize that structural governance bodies do not automatically guarantee optimal fiscal compliance. Highlights Higher profitability and greater fixed asset investments correspond to reduced corporate fiscal evasion tendencies. Increased debt levels correlate positively with aggressive strategies to lower state revenue obligations. Corporate dimensions exclusively alter the connection between capital intensity and managerial tax decisions. Keywords Corporate Tax Compliance; Capital Intensity; Agency Theory; Audit Committee; Debt Levels
Copyright (c) 2026 Leylitha Shobprina, Gregorius Jeandry, Sheila Kusumaningrum https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Digital Governance and Workforce Competence Shape Public Financial Reporting
General Background: Digital public financial governance requires reliable systems and competent personnel to produce accountable reports. Specific Background: This study examines SIPD implementation, human resource competence, organizational effectiveness, and LKPD quality in 16 local governments in Lampung Province. Knowledge Gap: Previous findings on SIPD and financial report quality remain varied, especially when organizational effectiveness is treated as a moderating variable. Aims: This study analyzes SIPD implementation and human resource competence in relation to LKPD quality and tests organizational effectiveness as a moderator. Results: Using explanatory research and PLS-SEM with SmartPLS 4.0, data from 320 respondents show that SIPD implementation and human resource competence have positive significant relationships with LKPD quality. The model explains 69.6% of LKPD quality variance. Organizational effectiveness significantly weakens the SIPD relationship but does not moderate the relationship between human resource competence and LKPD quality. Novelty: This study positions organizational effectiveness as a contextual moderator in Lampung’s digital financial reporting model. Implications: Local governments should strengthen SIPD adaptation, digital governance, and continuous workforce competence development. Highlights: The model explained 69.6% of reporting quality variance. Workforce capability recorded the stronger direct coefficient. Organizational context did not moderate individual competence. Keywords: SIPD, Human Resource Competencies, Organizational Effectiveness, Quality of Local Government Financial Reports, Lampung Province
Copyright (c) 2026 Nataria Nataria, Dewi Sarifah Tullah, Sutarti Sutarti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Integrity of Financial Reporting, Financial Performance, Company Size and Timeliness of Interim Financial Reporting
General Background: Timely interim financial reporting is essential for market transparency, regulatory compliance, and informed decision-making by investors and other stakeholders. Specific Background: Despite regulatory requirements in Indonesia, delays in interim financial reporting remain a recurring issue, particularly among publicly listed companies operating in economically sensitive sectors. Knowledge Gap: Previous studies have rarely examined financial statement integrity alongside financial performance and company size in the post-POJK No. 14/2022 regulatory environment, while evidence from the Consumer Cyclicals sector remains limited. Aims: This study examines the relationships between financial statement integrity, financial performance, company size, and the timeliness of interim financial reporting among Consumer Cyclicals companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2021–2024. Results: Using logistic regression on 456 observations from 38 companies, the findings reveal that financial performance and company size have positive and significant relationships with the timeliness of interim financial reporting, whereas financial statement integrity does not show a significant relationship. Simultaneously, the three variables significantly explain reporting timeliness. Novelty: This study provides empirical evidence from the Consumer Cyclicals sector during the post-POJK No. 14/2022 period by integrating financial statement integrity, financial performance, and company size within a single logistic regression model. Implications: The findings indicate that timely interim financial reporting is primarily associated with organizational resources and financial condition, offering evidence for regulators, investors, and corporate management in strengthening reporting compliance and financial reporting practices. Highlights: Financial performance is positively associated with prompt submission of interim financial reports. Larger firms demonstrate greater consistency in meeting reporting deadlines. Combined organizational characteristics provide a significant explanation for reporting compliance. Keywords: Timeliness, Integrity, Interim Financial Reporting
Copyright (c) 2026 Dwiyanto Anugrah, Rusmianto Rusmianto, Destia Pentiana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Social Media Marketing, Brand Awareness, and Brand Image on the Intention to Purchase Subsidized Housing
General Background: Social media marketing has become an essential strategy for increasing consumer engagement and purchase intention in the property sector. Specific Background: Property developers increasingly utilize Instagram-based marketing to promote subsidized housing and expand consumer reach through digital communication. Knowledge Gap: Limited studies have simultaneously examined the mediating roles of brand awareness and brand image in the relationship between social media marketing and subsidized housing purchase intention using the Stimulus–Organism–Response (SOR) framework. Aims: This study aimed to examine the relationships between social media marketing, brand awareness, brand image, and purchase intention for subsidized housing, including the mediating roles of brand awareness and brand image. Results: A quantitative correlational approach was employed using purposive sampling of Instagram followers, and the data were analyzed with SEM-PLS. The findings revealed that social media marketing positively and significantly affects brand awareness, brand image, and purchase intention. Furthermore, brand awareness and brand image positively and significantly affect purchase intention and successfully mediate the relationship between social media marketing and purchase intention. Novelty: This study integrates the SOR framework with the dual mediating roles of brand awareness and brand image to explain subsidized housing purchase intention in digital property marketing. Implications: The findings provide practical guidance for property developers to prioritize social media strategies that strengthen brand awareness and brand image to encourage consumer purchase intention. Highlights: Social media marketing significantly increased consumer brand recognition and perception. Brand awareness and brand image jointly mediated purchase intention. The proposed SEM-PLS model demonstrated substantial predictive capability. Keywords: Social Media, Intention, Brand
Copyright (c) 2026 Albino Prashesarb, Mahrinasari Mahrinasari, Roslina Roslina https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Marketing Mix Considerations in ASUS Laptop Purchases among University Students
General Background: Laptop purchasing among university students is shaped by product, price, distribution, and promotional considerations in a competitive technology market. Specific Background: ASUS ranked first in the 2026 Indonesian Top Brand Index and showed strong market dominance, yet specific purchasing considerations among UPN “Veteran” East Java students had not been empirically examined. Knowledge Gap: Prior evidence had not identified the latent factor structure behind ASUS laptop purchase decisions among this university student segment. Aims: This study aimed to analyze consumer considerations in purchasing ASUS laptops among UPN “Veteran” East Java students using a quantitative approach and Exploratory Factor Analysis. Results: The study involved 203 respondents selected through proportional area sampling across eight faculties. Data were collected through a Likert scale questionnaire and processed using SPSS. From 22 analyzed indicators, 20 indicators formed five new factors: promotional appeal and ease of purchase as the dominant factor, technical and functional considerations, product trust and image, product variety and affordability, and digital accessibility. These factors cumulatively explained 49.798% of data variance. Novelty: The study maps ASUS laptop purchase considerations into five empirically derived factor groups within a student consumer context. Implications: ASUS laptop purchasing decisions among students should be understood as a complementary combination of promotional, product, and distribution factors. Highlights: Five latent groups were extracted from the indicators. Twenty valid items contributed to the final structure. The model explained 49.798% of variance. Keywords: Exploratory Factor Analysis, 4P of Marketing, Purchase Decisions, ASUS Laptops
Copyright (c) 2026 Tegar Samudra Hidayat, Sonja Andarini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Work Motivation as a Predictor of Educator Productivity in Vocational High Schools
General Background Human resource development through vocational education requires active stakeholder participation to respond to global challenges and shape competent generations. Specific Background Public vocational high schools in South Balikpapan recently experienced a decline in learning quality, necessitating an evaluation of psychological and organizational factors affecting teachers. Knowledge Gap Previous literature presents widespread inconsistencies regarding how self-efficacy, work discipline, compensation, and work environment dictate teacher performance. Aims This study investigates an integrative model of psychological and organizational variables to determine their roles in elevating teacher performance. Results Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares analysis of 90 educators reveals that self-efficacy and work discipline significantly foster work motivation. Furthermore, work motivation significantly determines teacher performance, whereas organizational factors like compensation and work environment yield no significant direct outcomes. Novelty This research confirms that internal psychological mechanisms, rather than external organizational rewards, serve as the dominant catalysts for teacher performance. Implications Educational institutions must prioritize integrated human resource management programs focused on building educator self-confidence, discipline, and work motivation to sustain continuous instructional quality. Highlights Self-efficacy and occupational discipline significantly foster professional drive among teaching staff. Financial compensation and workplace surroundings show no significant direct correlation with instructional outcomes. Integrated human resource management programs are essential for sustaining continuous instructional quality. Keywords Work Motivation; Educator Productivity; Self Efficacy; Work Discipline; Vocational Education
Copyright (c) 2026 Ary Cahya Kartika, Elsye Tandelilin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Determinants of Coretax User Satisfaction in Digital Tax Administration
General Background: Digital transformation has become central to public service modernization and tax administration reform. Specific Background: Core Tax Administration System services at KPP Pratama Mojokerto require taxpayers to interact with an integrated digital taxation platform, where user experience is shaped by digital transformation, human resource quality, and ease of use. Knowledge Gap: Previous studies generally examined digital transformation and service quality separately and had not specifically analyzed user satisfaction in the context of Coretax services at KPP Pratama Mojokerto. Aims: This study aimed to analyze the partial and simultaneous relationships between digital transformation, human resource quality, ease of use, and Coretax user satisfaction among taxpayers at KPP Pratama Mojokerto. Results: Using a quantitative approach with accidental sampling, questionnaires were distributed to 156 Coretax users and analyzed through multiple linear regression with SPSS. Digital transformation showed a positive and significant effect on user satisfaction with a significance value of 0.000. Human resource quality also showed a positive and significant effect with a significance value of 0.006, while ease of use showed a positive and significant effect with a significance value of 0.000. Simultaneously, the three variables significantly affected user satisfaction with a significance value of 0.000 and explained 87.1% of its variance. Novelty: This study integrates three service-related variables in one Coretax satisfaction model. Implications: KPP Pratama Mojokerto can use these findings to evaluate Coretax implementation and strengthen taxpayer service experience. Highlights: The regression model explained 87.1% of outcome variance. All three independent variables showed significant positive results. Data were obtained from 156 taxpayer respondents. Keywords: Digital Transformation, Human Resource Quality, Ease of Use, User Satisfaction, Coretax
Copyright (c) 2026 Az Zahra Norestu Haryati, Acep Samsudin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Self Efficacy Mediates Green Education And Environmental Concern Towards Sustainable Entrepreneurial Intentions
General Background Environmental sustainability increasingly integrates with modern business development through sustainable entrepreneurship models. Specific Background Within higher education, university students demonstrate substantial potential to develop green commercial ventures supported by their academic competencies. Knowledge Gap However, the relationship connecting ecological education and environmental concern to sustainable business creation is not always direct, necessitating a psychological bridging mechanism. Aims This study investigates the formation of green entrepreneurial intentions among university students by positioning self-efficacy as a critical mediating variable. Results Utilizing Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares on purposively sampled students, the quantitative analysis demonstrates that both green entrepreneurship education and environmental concern positively determine self-efficacy and green entrepreneurial intentions. Furthermore, self-efficacy successfully mediates the relationship between educational exposure, ecological awareness, and the ultimate intention to establish sustainable ventures. Novelty This research distinctly integrates formal green business education and ecological concern within a specific self-efficacy mediation framework to explain the psychological progression of student entrepreneurial intentions. Implications Consequently, higher education institutions must systematically integrate ecological sustainability into business curricula to build self-efficacy and successfully cultivate a new generation of environmentally responsible entrepreneurs. Highlights Green entrepreneurship education and environmental concern positively determine student self-efficacy. Self-efficacy successfully mediates the relationship between ecological awareness and sustainable business intentions. Higher education institutions must integrate sustainability into business curricula to build entrepreneurial confidence. Keywords Green Entrepreneurial Intentions; Sustainable Entrepreneurship Education; Environmental Concern; Self Efficacy Mediation; Higher Education Curricula
Copyright (c) 2026 Salman Awaludin, Siti Shoimah, Martha Laila Alisandra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Financial Literacy and Attitudes Predict Microenterprise Monetary Management Practices in Boyolali
General Background Small-scale enterprises serve as primary pillars of the national economy by significantly contributing to the gross domestic product and employment. Specific Background Despite their strategic economic position, many business owners demonstrate inadequate monetary practices, specifically regarding unrecorded transactions and poor cash flow regulation. Knowledge Gap Previous empirical studies examining the relationships between economic knowledge, psychological tendencies, and administrative practices present inconsistent and contradictory findings. Aims This study analyzes how financial literacy and financial attitudes determine the financial management behavior of enterprise owners within the Boyolali region. Results Utilizing a quantitative survey methodology with multiple linear regression on 100 purposively sampled respondents, the findings demonstrate that both financial literacy and financial attitudes positively and significantly direct operational decisions. Financial literacy emerges as the dominant factor, and together with financial attitudes, explains half of the behavioral variance. Novelty This research validates the Theory of Planned Behavior within a uniquely mixed urban and rural socio-economic demographic, providing context-specific empirical evidence that resolves prior academic inconsistencies. Implications Regional governments and institutions must implement continuous educational and mentoring programs to cultivate positive psychological tendencies and ensure sustainable business operations. Highlights Economic knowledge acts as the dominant determinant for daily business decisions. Psychological tendencies positively direct the resource planning of small-scale entrepreneurs. Continuous governmental mentoring programs secure the sustainability of local commercial operations. Keywords Economic Knowledge; Psychological Tendencies; Resource Planning; Small-Scale Entrepreneurs; Sustainable Operations
Copyright (c) 2026 Ananda Mey Rizki Sholikhah, Aris Edi Sarwono, Sinta Putriana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Content Marketing Predicts Eiger Purchase Intention on Shopee
General Background: Digital marketing shapes how consumers search, evaluate, and decide on e-commerce products. Specific Background: This study examines Eiger products on Shopee through content marketing, online customer reviews, and adventure influencers. Knowledge Gap: Prior studies showed inconsistent findings and had not tested these three variables together for Eiger products on Shopee. Aims: This study analyzes the simultaneous and partial relationships between the three digital marketing variables and purchase intention. Results: Using a quantitative associative design, data from 166 respondents were analyzed with multiple linear regression. The model explained 74.8% of purchase intention variance. Content marketing was the strongest significant predictor, followed by online customer reviews, while adventure influencers were not significant. Novelty: This study integrates content marketing, online customer reviews, and adventure influencers in one Eiger Shopee purchase intention model. Implications: Eiger should prioritize authentic informative content and transparent customer reviews while reassessing influencer collaboration. Highlights: Digital content became the strongest predictor. Customer reviews showed significant positive results. Adventure figures were not statistically significant. Keywords: Content Marketing, Online Costumer Review, Adventure Influencer, Purchase Intention
Copyright (c) 2026 Gading Puspo Asmoro, Indah Respati Kusumasari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Customer Reviews Dominate Gen Z Tiktok Shop Impulsive Buying
General Background: Digital commerce increasingly shapes spontaneous consumer behavior through social media based shopping. Specific Background: This study examines Generation Z TikTok Shop users in Tuban Regency through brand ambassadors, discount prices, and online customer reviews. Knowledge Gap: Prior findings on digital marketing stimuli remain inconsistent, while non-metropolitan consumer contexts are still limited. Aims: This study analyzes the simultaneous and partial relationships between the three variables and impulsive buying. Results: Using a quantitative associative design, 160 respondents were selected through purposive sampling and analyzed with multiple linear regression using IBM SPSS 25. The findings show that brand ambassadors, discount prices, and online customer reviews significantly relate to impulsive buying both simultaneously and partially. Online customer reviews were the strongest predictor, followed by brand ambassadors and discount prices. Novelty: This study provides evidence from Tuban Regency as a non-metropolitan TikTok Shop consumer setting. Implications: Sellers should strengthen buyer feedback quality, select relevant public figures, and apply competitive discount strategies. Highlights: Peer feedback ranked as the strongest predictor. All three marketing stimuli were significant. The study involved 160 Tuban respondents. Keywords: Brand Ambassador, Discount Price, Generation Z, Impulsive Buying, Online Customer Review, TikTok Shop.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tania Urmila Cahayaning Wulan, Indah Respati Kusumasari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Digitalization Drives Financial And Operational Outcomes In Small And Medium Enterprises
General Background Micro, small, and medium businesses represent the backbone of global economic frameworks, contributing significantly to employment and gross domestic product. Specific Background In the post-pandemic era, technological integration through electronic commerce, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence has become an essential strategy for business survival and continuous resilience. Knowledge Gap Although numerous studies explore technology adoption drivers, systematic syntheses focusing specifically on post-adoption business performance measurements during the 2020 to 2026 period remain scarce. Aims This systematic literature review synthesizes empirical evidence regarding how technological tools dictate the monetary, administrative, and marketing achievements of smaller commercial entities. Results The PRISMA-guided analysis of fifty peer-reviewed articles reveals that digital payment systems, social platforms, and electronic commerce consistently accelerate revenue growth, administrative efficiency, and market expansion. However, these technological advantages remain structurally constrained by widespread digital illiteracy, inadequate internet infrastructure, capital limitations, and cybersecurity vulnerabilities. Novelty This research comprehensively maps the conditional nature of digital transformation, establishing that technological deployment alone cannot generate optimal business success without simultaneous human capital and infrastructural readiness. Implications Policymakers and practitioners must prioritize literacy programs, secure financial inclusion frameworks, and robust internet access alongside technology adoption to realize sustainable competitive advantages. Highlights Electronic commerce and social platforms successfully accelerate revenue growth and market expansion. Structural barriers including inadequate internet infrastructure heavily restrict technological value realization. Systematic human capital development remains prerequisite for achieving sustainable competitive advantages. Keywords Digital Transformation; Business Performance; Systematic Literature Review; Artificial Intelligence; Competitive Advantage
Copyright (c) 2026 Vicha Dita Prasetyo, Yudi Nur Supriadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Structural Price Inertia and Consumption Constraints in Denpasar
General Background The stability of prices is a fundamental prerequisite for sustainable economic development in developing economies, where consumption heavily dictates growth trajectories. Specific Background In dense metropolitan environments characterized by market-based consumption and external supply dependencies, protracted price increases heavily burden budgets and erode resident welfare. Knowledge Gap Most empirical analyses concentrate on national-level monetary transmission and short-term outcomes, neglecting sub-national heterogeneity and the ability of local institutions to mitigate long-term inflationary inertia. Aims This study analyzes monthly time-series data from January 2020 to December 2024 using an Autoregressive Distributed Lag model to evaluate price inertia and the role of local institutional coordination on economic sustainability in a specific municipality. Results The aggregate lagged coefficient reached 0.9714 with a half-life of 24.4 months, indicating highly protracted shocks. While local institutional coordination lowered short-term volatility, external structural rigidities severely constrained long-term stabilization efforts, particularly in highly rigid sectors such as food, housing, and transportation. Novelty This research integrates time-series persistence modeling with regional institutional evaluation to demonstrate that urban price rigidity is fundamentally a structural distribution issue rather than a purely monetary phenomenon. Implications Policymakers must move beyond short-term interventions and prioritize logistical resilience and distribution efficiency to protect economic welfare and ensure sustainable regional development. Highlights The Autoregressive Distributed Lag methodology revealed a protracted adjustment period of twenty-four months following initial macroeconomic shocks. Essential expenditure groups involving food logistics and mobility exhibited severe long-term rigidity. Local institutional coordination successfully mitigated short-term volatility but struggled against external logistical dependencies. Keywords Autoregressive Distributed Lag; Economic Welfare; Price Stability; Regional Development; Supply Chain Resilience
Copyright (c) 2026 Ni Luh Ayu Dessy Andriani, Ni Putu Wiwin Setyari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Coretax Administration System Usage and Integration for Individual Taxpayer Compliance
General Background Taxes represent a vital revenue stream for national fiscal stability, yet developing nations often struggle with low tax ratios and inadequate public reporting rates. Specific Background In Indonesia, the national annual tax return compliance rate reached only 68.75% in 2024, prompting the government to implement the Core Tax Administration System to digitalize and centralize tax services. Knowledge Gap Despite this major digital transformation, prior literature reveals inconsistent findings regarding the utility of digital tax platforms, and there is a critical scarcity of empirical evaluations focusing specifically on this newly launched centralized system within semi-urban demographics. Aims This research investigates how the usage and integration of the Core Tax Administration System shape individual taxpayer compliance at the Boyolali Pratama Tax Office. Results Utilizing a quantitative approach based on the Technology Acceptance Model and Slippery Slope Framework, multiple linear regression analysis of 106 purposively sampled taxpayers demonstrated that both system usage and integration possess a positive and significant effect on taxpayer compliance. Together, these variables account for 47.3% of the variance in compliance behaviors. Novelty This study isolates the dual dimensions of system usage and data integration in the immediate post-launch period of the centralized tax framework, specifically targeting non-metropolitan taxpayer adaptations. Implications Regional tax authorities must optimize the utilization and integration of centralized digital platforms to establish an efficient administration that fosters sustainable compliance among semi-urban populations. Highlights System usage and integration accounted for 47.3 percent of the variance in taxpayer compliance. The centralized digital tax platform successfully fostered compliance behavior among semi-urban populations. Both the Technology Acceptance Model and Slippery Slope Framework validated the digital tax transition. Keywords Coretax Administration System; Digital Tax Transformation; Individual Taxpayer Compliance; Slippery Slope Framework; Technology Acceptance Model
Copyright (c) 2026 Risky Amelia Putri, Aris Edi Sarwono, Sinta Putriana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Burnout Dominates Quiet Quitting Intention Among Central Surabaya Coffee Shop Employees
General Background: Quiet quitting is increasingly relevant in human resource management, particularly in high-contact service sectors characterized by demanding workloads and young workforces. Specific Background: Central Surabaya coffee shops combine continuous customer interaction, shift-based schedules, and fluctuating service demands, making employees vulnerable to psychological withdrawal. Knowledge Gap: Prior research has largely emphasized burnout and work-life balance among general Generation Z samples, while self-efficacy as a personal resource and evidence from Indonesian local coffee shops remain limited. Aims: This study examined the partial and simultaneous relationships of self-efficacy, burnout, and work-life balance with quiet quitting intention among 150 local coffee shop employees in Tegalsari, Simokerto, Genteng, and Bubutan, using a quantitative explanatory design, purposive sampling, a five-point Likert questionnaire, and multiple linear regression. Results: The three predictors jointly explained 49.2% of the variance in quiet quitting intention (F = 47.054, p < 0.001). Self-efficacy (B = −0.441; t = −3.836; p < 0.001) and work-life balance (B = −0.187; t = −3.113; p = 0.002) were negatively associated with quiet quitting intention, whereas burnout (B = 0.236; t = 6.730; p < 0.001) was positively associated and represented the strongest predictor. Novelty: The study extends the Job Demands–Resources framework by explicitly integrating self-efficacy with burnout and work-life balance in a local coffee shop context. Implications: Coffee shop managers should strengthen employee confidence, maintain fair workloads and schedules, reduce exhaustion, and protect work-life balance to limit quiet quitting intention. Highlights: Self-efficacy showed a significant negative coefficient (B = −0.441; t = −3.836). Work-life balance was negatively associated with withdrawal intention (B = −0.187; t = −3.113). Resource depletion recorded the strongest positive relationship, while the model explained 49.2% of variance. Keywords: Burnout, Coffee Shop Employees, Quiet Quitting Intention, Self-Efficacy, Work-Life Balance
Copyright (c) 2026 Hughes Nur Alifa Arsyllia, Sonja Andarini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Leadership and School Culture as Factors In Improving The Quality Of Education
General Background: Educational quality is a central indicator of school success and reflects learning systems, learning environments, and sustainable organizational governance. Specific Background: School leadership and school culture are positioned as key factors in shaping school standards, teacher performance, school character, and the quality of learning. Knowledge Gap: Although prior studies have examined leadership, school culture, and educational quality, integrated literature mapping of their relationships through teacher performance and school character remains relatively limited. Aims: This study aimed to analyze the role of school leadership and school culture in improving school quality through a systematic literature review based on PRISMA guidelines. Results: Data were drawn from Scopus indexed articles from Q1 to Q4 related to school leadership, school culture, teacher performance, school character, and educational quality. The review indicates that leadership and culture play significant roles in school quality. Effective leadership supports motivation, supervision, and a positive work environment, while strong school culture fosters discipline, collaboration, and a conducive learning atmosphere. The findings also show that leadership and culture are often connected with teacher performance and school character in achieving quality learning. Novelty: The study synthesizes leadership, culture, teacher professionalism, and school character as an integrated conceptual pathway for school quality. Implications: Sustainable educational quality can be supported through leadership strengthening, school culture development, teacher professionalism, and continuous school character formation. Highlights: PRISMA guided the literature review process. Scopus Q1 to Q4 articles formed the evidence base. Motivation, supervision, discipline, and collaboration appeared as central themes. Keywords: Leadership, School Culture, Teacher Performance, School Character, School Quality, School Effectiveness, School Improvement
Copyright (c) 2026 Syahrul Zamal, Dwi Priyo Utomo , Elly Purwanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Immersive Augmented Reality Shapes Elementary Science Concept Mastery
General Background The twenty-first-century educational landscape necessitates the integration of digital technology to facilitate comprehensive cognitive and psychomotor development. Specific Background Within early science education, students frequently struggle to comprehend abstract and microscopic phenomena when relying solely on conventional static media. Knowledge Gap Although numerous small-scale experimental studies have investigated immersive technologies, there remains a lack of comprehensive holistic syntheses evaluating the pedagogical trajectories of specific three-dimensional platforms across Indonesian primary schools. Aims This systematic literature review investigates the empirical trends and educational outcomes associated with interactive digital teaching materials in early science classes. Results The analysis of seventeen scientific articles published between 2019 and 2026 reveals an exponential publication surge in recent years, with a vast majority of studies confirming that these digital platforms significantly elevate cognitive achievement, creative thinking, and conceptual understanding. Novelty This research comprehensively maps the exponential academic interest in immersive learning tools, establishing a consolidated evidence base for self-directed learning modules in primary education. Implications Educational stakeholders must prioritize digital infrastructure expansion and pedagogical competency training to sustain the integration of immersive technological frameworks in modern curricula. Highlights Three-dimensional platforms successfully transform abstract microscopic phenomena into concrete visual experiences for young learners. A recent exponential surge in literature confirms the prominent role of interactive digital modules in modern education. Inadequate technological infrastructure and limited teacher competencies present significant barriers to sustainable curriculum integration. Keywords Immersive Augmented Reality; Systematic Literature Review; Digital Teaching Materials; Primary Education; Assemblr Edu
Copyright (c) 2026 Leni Puspitasari, Nurlina Nurlina, Rahmawati Rahmawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Interactive Flat Panel Media Preserves Javanese Language Culture In Early Childhood Education
General Background Early childhood instruction requires innovative audiovisual media to prevent student passivity and sustain engagement during learning. Specific Background The interactive flat panel integrates visual, audio, and touchscreen elements to create dynamic learning environments suitable for young learners. Knowledge Gap Although digital technologies generally improve pedagogical quality, the specific utilization of interactive touchscreens for internalizing and sustaining regional dialects among young learners remains underresearched. Aims This qualitative descriptive study describes the implementation of interactive digital screens in maintaining regional linguistic heritage among kindergarten students. Results Observational and interview data reveal that incorporating regional folk tales, vocabulary games, and touchscreen quizzes significantly increases children's enthusiasm, participation, and confidence in using indigenous vocabulary. Furthermore, educational institutions successfully address technical glitches and varying technological proficiencies through routine internal training and alternative material preparation. Novelty This research positions digital touchscreen technology not merely as a modern instructional tool, but as a primary mechanism for indigenous internalization tailored to young learners' characteristics. Implications Educational institutions must prioritize collaborative technical mentoring and adaptive instructional designs to successfully sustain indigenous linguistic identities amid rapid technological advancement. Highlights Touchscreen quizzes and regional folk tales significantly boost student participation and vocabulary retention. Technical glitches and varying instructional proficiencies necessitate ongoing internal training and mentoring programs. Digital audiovisual tools serve as crucial sustainability mechanisms for indigenous linguistic internalization. Keywords Instructional Media; Touchscreen Technology; Cultural Internalization; Indigenous Preservation; Qualitative Research
Copyright (c) 2026 Selvia Eka Sari, Ida Latifatul Umroh, Winnuly Winnuly https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Math Playground Assisted Discovery Learning Shapes Analytical Reasoning Alongside Teamwork Outcomes
General Background Modern education demands the mastery of 21st-century competencies to prepare individuals for global challenges. Specific Background Elementary mathematics instruction typically relies on teacher-centered mechanical memorization, which severely limits active participation and social interaction. Knowledge Gap Although digital platforms offer interactive opportunities, conventional teaching practices rarely integrate gamified media systematically into structured pedagogical syntax to simultaneously build cognitive and cooperative competencies. Aims This collaborative classroom action research implements the Discovery Learning model assisted by Math Playground to elevate analytical evaluation and group cooperation among 20 fourth-grade students. Results Following two structured cycles of observation and testing, analytical proficiency escalated from 67.19% to 84.38%, while cooperative capabilities surged from 67.75% to 84.25%. Novelty This study seamlessly embeds digital gameplay into the specific syntax of Discovery Learning, ensuring that virtual challenges act as core mechanisms for conceptual exploration rather than mere supplementary entertainment. Implications Practitioners must transition toward these integrated, student-centered frameworks to successfully cultivate the essential cognitive and interactive proficiencies required in contemporary academic environments. Highlights Digital gamification significantly elevates group participation during mathematics instruction. Two cycles of classroom action research demonstrate substantial gains within elementary student proficiency. Integrating interactive platforms into pedagogical syntax effectively replaces traditional teacher-centered mechanical memorization. Keywords Critical Thinking; Collaboration Skills; Mathematics Education; Classroom Action Research; Interactive Media
Copyright (c) 2026 Dia Andriani, Urip Sulistiyo, Ugi Nugraha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Multimedia-Assisted Project-Based Learning for Vocational English Writing Proficiency
General Background: Innovative instructional strategies that foster engaging, interactive, and dynamic learning environments are essential for improving global educational standards and language proficiency. Specific Background: Vocational high school students in Indonesia, particularly in Langsa, frequently struggle with productive English skills, specifically demonstrating difficulties in grammatical construction, vocabulary range, and coherent text development. Knowledge Gap: Despite the acknowledged potential of technology integration, empirical evidence regarding the application of multimedia-assisted Project-Based Learning (PjBL) models to address specific writing proficiency challenges in Indonesian vocational settings remains insufficient. Aims: This study aimed to develop and validate a multimedia-assisted PjBL model integrating text, images, audio, and video to improve the English writing skills of tenth-grade vocational students. Results: Following the ADDIE development framework, the experimental group achieved a significantly higher post-test mean score (82.7) compared to the control group (76.3), with an independent-samples t-test confirming high statistical significance (p < 0.001). Novelty: This research uniquely operationalizes Mayer’s Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning within a PjBL framework to provide a structured, student-centered approach that optimizes cognitive processing and writing output. Implications: The multimedia-assisted PjBL model serves as an innovative, effective instructional framework for educators to boost English writing achievement, provided schools ensure adequate technological infrastructure and teacher preparedness for its implementation. Highlights The multimedia-assisted Project-Based Learning model achieved high feasibility and validity scores from subject-matter and instructional design experts. Integrating diverse multimedia elements into student-centered projects significantly promotes coherent idea organization and grammatical accuracy. Implementation of technology-supported instruction results in higher learning completion rates compared to conventional PowerPoint-based teaching methods. Keywords Project-Based Learning; Multimedia; Writing Skills; Instructional Development; Vocational Education
Copyright (c) 2026 An Nissa Indira, Efendi Napitupulu, Samsidar Tanjung https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Technology-Enhanced Cooperative Learning for Mathematical Connection Development: Design and Evaluation of a TPS-Integrated Digital Worksheet
General Background: Technology-enhanced learning environments are increasingly vital in modern mathematics education to promote student engagement and higher-order thinking. Specific Background: Developing mathematical connection ability—the capacity to relate concepts across disciplines and real-world contexts—remains a persistent challenge in secondary mathematics classrooms. Knowledge Gap: While previous studies have examined Think-Pair-Share (TPS) cooperative learning and digital worksheets separately, empirical research integrating these elements into a unified design for strengthening mathematical connections is scarce. Aims: This study developed a TPS-integrated digital worksheet (E-LKPD) and evaluated its validity, practicality, and effectiveness in fostering students' mathematical connection ability. Results: Using the Four-D (4D) development model, the worksheet achieved high expert validation (90%) and practicality (88%) scores; furthermore, students using the digital tool achieved a significantly higher mean score (81.9) compared to those in conventional instruction (63.3), with a statistical significance of p < 0.05. Novelty: This study uniquely embeds cooperative TPS stages within an interactive digital environment to systematically facilitate students' ability to establish relationships among mathematical ideas. Implications: The TPS-integrated digital worksheet provides a practical, technology-enhanced resource that creates a collaborative learning environment, offering a robust instructional model for mathematics educators aiming to improve higher-order cognitive competencies. Highlights The TPS-integrated digital worksheet demonstrated high validity and usability across expert evaluations and student-teacher trials. Integrating cooperative learning principles into digital platforms significantly outperforms traditional instruction in developing mathematical connection ability. Collaborative digital design effectively fosters student reasoning across mathematical concepts, other disciplines, and real-life situations. Keywords Digital Worksheet; Educational Technology; Mathematical Connection Ability; Think-Pair-Share; Technology-Enhanced Learning
Copyright (c) 2026 Endang Wifda Munjiah Gea, Mukhtar Mukhtar, Abdul Hamid K https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Interactive Canva Multimedia Elevates Elementary Critical Thinking and Scientific Literacy
General Background The transition toward twenty-first-century education necessitates digital technology integration to foster student-centered learning environments. Specific Background In elementary science education, students frequently struggle with abstract concepts, resulting in low analytical assessment scores due to traditional pedagogical methods and insufficient visual media. Knowledge Gap Although previous studies utilize Canva for static presentations, a significant void exists regarding integrated interactive multimedia designed specifically to cultivate both analytical reasoning and science comprehension simultaneously. Aims This research develops and validates interactive Canva-based teaching materials to elevate critical thinking and scientific literacy among sixth-grade students using the ADDIE model. Results The developed digital product achieved a perfect validity index of 1.00 alongside exceptional practicality ratings from teachers and learners. Furthermore, quasi-experimental field tests demonstrated high N-Gain scores of 0.72 for analytical reasoning and 0.71 for science comprehension, with independent t-tests confirming significant differences compared to conventional classes. Novelty This study uniquely transforms abstract scientific phenomena into concrete, dynamic visual experiences that simultaneously target foundational science comprehension and advanced analytical reasoning in early education. Implications Educational stakeholders should adopt these validated interactive digital frameworks to facilitate active problem-solving, conceptual understanding, and meaningful evidence-based learning within modern elementary curricula. Highlights The ADDIE-developed digital modules achieved perfect validity and exceptional practicality ratings from both educators and learners. Quasi-experimental testing demonstrated significant high-category N-Gain scores for analytical reasoning and science comprehension. Dynamic visual representations successfully transform abstract phenomena into concrete problem-solving experiences for early education. Keywords Digital Learning Modules; Analytical Reasoning; Science Comprehension; Primary Education; ADDIE Model
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurul Hidayah, Agustan Syamsuddin, Ma'ruf Ma'ruf https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Principal Digital Leadership Determines Educational Quality In Artificial Intelligence Era
General Background Digital transformation constitutes a crucial agenda in modern educational management, requiring schools to adopt data-driven governance and technological innovations. Specific Background The emergence of Artificial Intelligence introduces new demands for school principals to establish secure governance, ethical guidelines, and advanced pedagogical tools at institutions like SMA N 17 Merangin. Knowledge Gap Despite technological availability, variations in teachers' digital competencies and the absence of standardized ethical guidelines for Artificial Intelligence utilization present significant administrative challenges. Aims This study analyzes the implementation of principal digital leadership in supporting educational quality during the Artificial Intelligence era at SMA N 17 Merangin. Results Utilizing an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design with 26 respondents, quantitative findings reveal a significant positive relationship between digital leadership and educational quality (r = 0.758; p < 0.001), contributing 57.45% to quality variance. Qualitative data indicate that principals actively build digital visions, foster collaboration, and apply data-based decision-making, although uneven teacher competencies and absent ethical standard operating procedures remain as obstacles. Novelty This research specifically integrates Artificial Intelligence literacy, digital ethics, and data-driven supervision within the assessment of school leadership frameworks. Implications Educational institutions must strengthen policies regarding ethical Artificial Intelligence usage, provide continuous digital training, and establish comprehensive data-driven supervision systems to sustain academic excellence. Highlights Digital leadership significantly dictates educational quality through strategic vision and data-based decisions. Principals play a critical role in fostering collaboration and increasing Artificial Intelligence literacy among teachers. Uneven teacher competencies and the absence of ethical guidelines remain primary obstacles in technology integration. Keywords Digital Leadership; Educational Quality; Artificial Intelligence; School Principal; Digital Transformation
Copyright (c) 2026 Yulivia Indryani, Tukini Rahmawati, Vevi Juniarti, Widyawati Widyawati, Mardalena Mardalena https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Symbolic Meaning Momeati Ritual Preserving Gorontalo Cultural Identity
General Background Indonesia possesses diverse local cultures and traditions that require consistent preservation to maintain a robust national character. Specific Background The Mome’ati ceremony serves as a crucial life-cycle custom marking a young girl's transition to adulthood through complex verbal and nonverbal representations. Knowledge Gap Rapid modernization precipitates a shift in understanding these traditional elements among the younger generation, risking the gradual loss of profound philosophical, moral, and religious dimensions. Aims This study analyzes the semiotic elements within the ceremonial procession to ensure local heritage preservation and intergenerational comprehension. Results Utilizing a qualitative anthropological approach and semiotic frameworks by Peirce and Fiske, the findings demonstrate that the ritual's five stages contain distinct elements—such as white clothing, candles, betel nut, and ceremonial poetry—that represent purity, social responsibility, harmony, and spiritual commitment. Novelty This research uniquely categorizes the verbal prayers and nonverbal artifacts as an integrated ideological communication system that harmonizes Islamic tenets with indigenous philosophies. Implications Sustaining this heritage necessitates active transmission by families, customary institutions, and educational bodies to ensure fundamental ethical values remain relevant in contemporary society. Highlights Semiotic analysis reveals profound religious and moral values within traditional ceremonial transitions. Verbal prayers and nonverbal artifacts function as an integrated ideological communication system. Modernization necessitates active intergenerational transmission to sustain indigenous philosophies among youths. Keywords Semiotic Analysis; Indigenous Ceremonies; Moral Education; Intergenerational Transmission; Anthropological Linguistics
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurullana A. Pala, Syamsuddin Syamsuddin, Fadillah Fadillah, Yunidar Yunidar, Nirmayanti Nirmayanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Digital Multicultural Learning Media via Google Sites for Civic Education
General Background: The integration of interactive digital media is essential in modern elementary education to adapt to globalization and meet the learning needs of digital-native students. Specific Background: Civic Education (PKn) at the elementary school level in Tanrutedong District currently relies on traditional lectures and textbook-based instruction, failing to foster student engagement or internalize multicultural character values. Knowledge Gap: Existing research on digital learning media predominantly emphasizes cognitive outcomes, leaving a significant deficiency in studies that specifically address the affective development of tolerance attitudes within diverse, multicultural classroom environments. Aims: This study aims to develop and test the effectiveness of a multicultural-based digital learning media platform assisted by Google Sites to improve student tolerance and PKn learning outcomes. Results: Utilizing the ADDIE R&D model, the media integrated Bugis-Makassar 3S local wisdom principles (Sipakatau, Sipakalebbi, Sipakainge). Validation results confirmed a very high validity (Gregory’s coefficient = 1.00), and empirical testing revealed a significant N-Gain average of 0.73, signifying high effectiveness in improving both academic achievement and tolerance. Novelty: The study uniquely bridges digital technology with localized Bugis-Makassar cultural values to create a contextually relevant and inclusive educational framework. Implications: This interactive digital platform provides educators with a scalable, practical, and meaningful tool to cultivate democratic character and national unity, suggesting that technology-driven localized pedagogy is vital for character formation in elementary schools. Highlights The Google Sites-based digital media achieved a perfect Gregory validity coefficient of 1.00, demonstrating high expert-approved instructional design quality. Integration of the Bugis-Makassar 3S principles significantly increased student tolerance attitudes through contextual and culturally relevant learning experiences. Quantitative N-Gain analysis confirms high effectiveness in improving learning outcomes compared to conventional teacher-centered instructional methods. Keywords Digital Media; Google Sites; Multicultural Approach; Tolerance Attitude; Civics Learning Outcomes
Copyright (c) 2026 Hardianto Hardianto, Nursalam Nursalam, Muhajir Muhajir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Problem Based Learning and Diorama Media in Primary Science Education
General Background The integration of Natural and Social Sciences in the independent curriculum requires students to actively analyze and reason about concrete phenomena rather than passively memorizing facts. Specific Background However, low active participation and predominantly verbal instruction make abstract concepts, such as planetary rotation, difficult for sixth-grade cohorts to comprehend. Knowledge Gap Previous literature predominantly focuses on other grade levels or tool development, leaving a limited understanding of how interactive models shape cognitive outcomes specifically for sixth-grade students. Aims This study investigates the integration of interactive pedagogy supported by spatial-visual tools on the cognitive outcomes of sixth-grade students regarding planetary rotation at SDN Klagen Serut 1. Results Utilizing a quasi-experimental Nonequivalent Control Group Design with 38 students, data analysis via an Independent Samples t-test revealed a significance value of 0.000. The experimental group achieved a higher post-test mean score of 88.00 compared to the control group's 69.78. Novelty This research specifically isolates the synergistic function of contextual pedagogy and three-dimensional visual tools in addressing the complex academic demands of sixth-grade cohorts. Implications Educators can utilize this supported pedagogical model as a strategic alternative to visualize abstract concepts, foster active student engagement, and elevate comprehensive cognitive results in primary education. Highlights The interactive pedagogy yielded a final mean score of 88 over the control group. Visual spatial tools successfully translated abstract planetary rotation concepts for sixth grade learners. Contextual educational scenarios directly elevated cognitive results among participating students. Keywords Diorama Media; Earth Rotation; Natural And Social Sciences; Problem Based Learning; Cognitive Results
Copyright (c) 2026 Nabila Syifa Ramadhani, Ibadullah Malawi, Sri Budyartati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
SPEAK UP Pedagogy Produces Highest Expressive and Analytical Speaking Scores in Students
General Background The development of fundamental communication competencies is a global priority to prepare students for twenty-first-century challenges. Specific Background In the Indonesian primary education context, conventional teacher-centered methods limit active oral practice, resulting in low student confidence, restricted vocabulary, and passive communication. Knowledge Gap Existing research predominantly evaluates project-oriented pedagogy in higher education or foreign language settings, leaving a critical deficit regarding its application to simultaneous expressive and analytical communication for young learners in semi-rural areas. Aims This study investigates the application of the SPEAK UP instructional framework and standard Project Based Learning on the expressive and analytical oral competencies of fifth-grade students at SD Negeri 282/VI Bangko. Results Utilizing a quantitative quasi-experimental design with 87 participants, statistical analysis via One Way ANOVA revealed significant variations among the pedagogical groups. The SPEAK UP framework generated the highest overall mean score of 87.33, outperforming both the standard project methodology at 82.14 and conventional instruction at 70.52. Specific to analytical oral communication, the experimental framework achieved a mean of 87.87. Novelty This research pioneers the integration of structured expressive practice and analytical knowledge construction within a project-based framework specifically tailored for young demographic cohorts in non-urban settings. Implications Educational practitioners can adopt this structured instructional framework to facilitate active, student-centered learning, fulfilling modern curriculum demands and resolving traditional communication barriers. Highlights The SPEAK UP framework generated an optimal overall mean score of 87.33. Standard project pedagogy successfully outperformed conventional instruction by achieving an 82.14 mean. Structured oral practice resolved traditional communication barriers among fifth-grade participants. Keywords Analytical Speaking; Expressive Speaking; Primary Education; Project Based Learning; SPEAK UP Model
Copyright (c) 2026 Mulkan Inra, Nazurty Nazurty, Ahmad Syarif https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Self Regulated Learning and Spiritual Practices Alleviate Educational Stress
General Background Educational stress represents a prominent psychological challenge for university scholars facing rigorous institutional standards worldwide. Specific Background Within Indonesian religious higher education institutions, final-year cohorts experience compounded pressures from thesis requirements and specific institutional moral expectations. Knowledge Gap Despite existing literature on undergraduate tension, empirical investigations detailing how learners in religious pedagogical programs simultaneously apply cognitive, social, and introspective coping mechanisms remain scarce. Aims This study identifies the multidimensional manifestations of scholastic apprehension and the corresponding coping mechanisms utilized by the 2022 cohort at the Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training of UIN Salatiga. Results Phenomenological qualitative analysis of eight purposively selected participants revealed that physiological symptoms universally accompanied cognitive personal doubt and behavioral procrastination. To manage these pressures, participants simultaneously deployed cognitive planning, peer networks, and specific Islamic rituals such as prayer and introspection. Novelty This research distinctly maps the dual identity of religious education scholars who seamlessly integrate modern psychological self-regulation with traditional theological rituals to navigate final-year academic pressures. Implications University administrators must strengthen integrated counseling services that incorporate theological values to support psychological well-being and resolve structural support deficits in higher education environments. Highlights Final year undergraduates experienced severe physiological symptoms alongside cognitive personal doubt. Peer support networks significantly reduced the psychological burdens of thesis completion. Religious introspection combined with cognitive planning successfully mitigated behavioral procrastination. Keywords Self Regulated Learning; Islamic Spirituality; Educational Stress; Phenomenological Approach; Peer Support
Copyright (c) 2026 Yunita Najwa Salim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Game-Based Learning Blooket Stimulates Empathy Growth in Early Childhood
General Background: Perkembangan teknologi digital dalam pendidikan anak usia dini telah memperkenalkan pendekatan inovatif untuk mendukung perkembangan holistik anak. Specific Background: Anak usia dini, khususnya rentang usia 4–5 tahun, memerlukan stimulasi terarah untuk mengembangkan keterampilan sosial-emosional krusial, termasuk empati, yang memfasilitasi interaksi teman sebaya dan pembentukan karakter. Knowledge Gap: Meskipun potensi perangkat digital diakui, masih terdapat kekurangan studi kuantitatif yang secara spesifik mengevaluasi peran platform Blooket dalam menumbuhkan pertumbuhan empati dalam lingkungan anak usia dini. Aims: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji secara empiris pengaruh penerapan Game-Based Learning berbasis Blooket terhadap pertumbuhan empati anak usia 4–5 tahun di TK DWP Sidoraharjo 1. Results: Studi pra-eksperimental dengan 23 partisipan menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan pada rata-rata skor empati dari 16,26 menjadi 45,73 (Z = −4,212, p < 0,001), dengan skor N-Gain sebesar 86% yang menunjukkan efektivitas tinggi. Novelty: Penelitian ini memberikan bukti empiris bahwa Blooket, ketika digunakan dengan pendampingan guru, berfungsi sebagai alat pedagogis yang efektif untuk meningkatkan sensitivitas sosial-emosional di luar aplikasi yang berfokus pada kognitif. Implications: Pendidik didorong untuk secara strategis mengintegrasikan media digital yang interaktif dan gamifikasi untuk menciptakan pengalaman belajar kontekstual yang secara aktif menumbuhkan perilaku prososial dan empati pada peserta didik usia dini. Highlights Penerapan pembelajaran berbasis Blooket menghasilkan peningkatan tingkat empati anak yang signifikan secara statistik. Intervensi tersebut mencapai tingkat efektivitas yang tinggi, dengan skor N-Gain sebesar 86% di antara para peserta. Gamifikasi digital yang interaktif secara efektif memfasilitasi pemerolehan keterampilan prososial dan perkembangan sosial-emosional pada peserta didik usia dini. Keywords Game-Based Learning; Blooket; Empathy Growth; Early Childhood; Digital Education
Copyright (c) 2026 Sherly Amelia Yudianti, Andini Hardiningrum, Destita Shari, Berda Asmara https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Internalization Strategy of Tamaddun Melayu Values in Batam Public Senior High School
General Background: Indonesia’s cultural pluralism encompasses the Tamaddun Melayu civilization, a rich repository of local wisdom and ethical systems currently vulnerable to erosion in the era of globalization. Specific Background: SMA Negeri 1 Batam serves as a strategic site for exploring how educational institutions integrate these values to counter cultural degradation among youth. Knowledge Gap: Existing educational practices often lack structured, multi-dimensional approaches to cultural preservation, creating a disconnect between national character education goals and local implementation. Aims: This study aims to examine the strategies for internalizing Tamaddun Melayu values at SMA Negeri 1 Batam through intracurricular, cocurricular, and extracurricular activities using a phenomenological approach. Results: The findings reveal that schools implement a synergistic model: integrating Malay values into Sociology coursework, utilizing experiential learning through local wisdom exploration, and reinforcing cultural identity via arts and traditional attire. Novelty: By applying Culturally Responsive Teaching (CRT) and Bourdieu’s Habitus Theory, this research demonstrates that a tri-pathway strategy effectively transforms cultural knowledge into incorporated habitus. Implications: The results provide an adaptive model for schools in the Riau Islands to strengthen student cultural identity and character education through structured, community-linked pedagogical practices. Highlights Integration of Malay values within Sociology curriculum establishes a robust conceptual foundation for students. Cocurricular exploration of local wisdom facilitates authentic, experiential learning that effectively deepens cultural habituation. Participation in extracurricular arts and traditional practices solidifies symbolic capital and collective cultural identity among learners. Keywords Tamaddun Melayu; Culturally Responsive Teaching; Local Wisdom; Cultural Habitus; Character Education
Copyright (c) 2026 Astri Testiningtyas Firman, Agustina Tri Wijayanti, Sudrajat Sudrajat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Democracy Education in Civics Learning for Elementary Students
General Background: Democratic education serves as a fundamental pillar in shaping the character, moral values, and civic competence required for active participation in a democratic society. Specific Background: Within the Indonesian context, Civics Education (PKn) in elementary schools acts as a strategic vehicle for internalizing these democratic principles, which are increasingly vital yet challenged by the complexities of the digital era. Knowledge Gap: Existing literature often focuses on specific learning models without comprehensively integrating democratic values, digital literacy, and digital citizenship into a unified framework for elementary-level students. Aims: This study aimed to analyze the concepts, implementation, challenges, and strengthening strategies for democratic education in primary Civics learning through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) covering publications from 2020 to 2026. Results: The findings reveal that integrating democratic values with digital literacy, collaborative learning, and project-based approaches significantly improves students’ critical thinking, responsibility, and decision-making skills, despite ongoing constraints related to educator digital competence and facility limitations. Novelty: This study provides a comprehensive synthesis that links democratic education, digital literacy, and digital citizenship specifically for primary education, offering an integrated conceptual framework for the 21st century. Implications: Educators and policymakers are encouraged to adopt innovative, technology-integrated pedagogical practices that foster well-characterized, critical, and responsible young digital citizens. Highlights Systematic synthesis confirms that participatory and project-based learning are essential for internalizing democratic attitudes in primary education. Digital literacy and responsible technology use are critical components for modern civic engagement and character development. Teacher digital competence and infrastructure gaps remain the primary barriers to effectively implementing technology-based civic learning. Keywords Democracy Education; Civic Education; Elementary School; Digital Era; Digital Citizenship
Copyright (c) 2026 Ni Putu Krisnawati, Dewa Bagus Sanjaya, I Nengah Suastika https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Interactive Spinner Media For Social Studies Learning Interest In Inclusive Schools
General Background Inclusive education requires schools to adapt instructional environments to accommodate diverse learner needs. Specific Background Students with reading difficulties frequently encounter cognitive exhaustion and low participation during text-heavy Social Studies instruction. Knowledge Gap While previous literature extensively addresses interactive tools for elementary literacy, research regarding wheel-based visual materials for junior high school civic and historical education remains limited. Aims This Classroom Action Research investigates the application of wheel-based visual aids to foster engagement and participation among an eighth-grade student with language processing deficits. Results Following two action cycles incorporating modified visual illustrations and symbolic rewards, the student's academic enthusiasm escalated from a baseline of 35% to 80%. The subject demonstrated greater enjoyment, sustained attention, and independent participation in game-based tasks, surpassing the predetermined success criterion. Novelty This study provides empirical evidence on integrating visual kinesthetic resources specifically to mitigate literacy barriers within secondary inclusive classrooms. Implications Educators must prioritize multimodal pedagogical materials over traditional textbook methods to ensure equitable participation for learners facing language challenges. Highlights Incorporating visual educational games elevates student attention and academic participation. Symbolic rewards within classroom activities successfully encourage independent problem-solving capabilities. Multimodal pedagogical materials reduce cognitive exhaustion associated with traditional text-heavy assignments. Keywords Classroom Action Research; Reading Difficulties; Educational Games; Learner Engagement; Multimodal Pedagogy
Copyright (c) 2026 Noridawati Noridawati, Shely Cathrin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Differentiated Instruction Strategy For Integer Addition Among Students With Learning Disabilities
General Background Inclusive education provides equitable services to learners with diverse needs, requiring educators to implement adaptive pedagogical strategies in regular classrooms. Specific Background Sixth-grade pupils at SDN 001 Sangatta Utara possessing mathematics learning challenges struggle with basic numeracy competencies, particularly positive integer addition, due to the continuous reliance on one-size-fits-all, teacher-centered instructional models. Knowledge Gap Although current literature supports adaptive teaching for general mathematics achievement, empirical evidence regarding its specific application for basic arithmetic operations among dyscalculic children in inclusive elementary settings remains limited. Aims This Classroom Action Research examines the application of adaptive teaching methods using concrete manipulatives to build positive arithmetic computation skills among four elementary pupils with learning difficulties. Results Following three action cycles, teacher performance and classroom participation steadily progressed, while the average mathematics achievement score increased from a baseline of 25 to 85 in the final cycle. The provision of tangible media, such as drinking straws, alongside individualized guidance, enabled the cohort to comprehend place value concepts and minimize computational errors. Novelty This study provides direct empirical evidence demonstrating how modifying instructional content, processes, and educational environments specifically accommodates the numeracy needs of heterogeneous cohorts. Implications Elementary schools and educators must adopt flexible teaching protocols and utilize concrete visual materials to foster equitable, student-centered mathematics education, necessitating professional development programs focused on inclusive pedagogical practices. Highlights Manipulative media like drinking straws clarify numerical concepts and place values. Classroom action cycles successfully raised average formative mathematics scores significantly. Adaptive teaching approaches foster active participation and independent problem-solving capabilities. Keywords Inclusive Education; Classroom Action Research; Concrete Manipulatives; Numeracy Skills; Mathematics Achievement
Copyright (c) 2026 Niken Suryati, Shely Cathrin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Repeated Reading Interventions For Comprehension Among Students With Learning Difficulties
General Background Reading comprehension constitutes a fundamental literacy competency necessary for acquiring academic knowledge across all subject areas. Specific Background In inclusive junior high schools, such as SMPN 2 Kaubun, students at risk of learning difficulties often expend excessive cognitive resources on spelling and decoding words, resulting in poor text comprehension. Knowledge Gap Although empirical evidence supports repetitive oral practice for increasing word recognition speed in elementary settings, its specific application for advancing text comprehension among junior high school cohorts with learning vulnerabilities remains under-investigated. Aims This study evaluates how guided, repetitive oral practice sequences alter text comprehension and word decoding accuracy in a seventh-grade student displaying severe literacy barriers. Results Utilizing a quantitative Single Subject Research (SSR) design (A1-B-A2 sequence), the visual analysis revealed a substantial increase in reading comprehension scores, rising from a 65% baseline mean to 96% during the intervention phase. The intervention successfully reduced pronunciation errors, fostered word recognition automation, and sustained high comprehension levels (95.83%) even after the formal treatment concluded. Novelty This research provides empirical evidence detailing the specific maintenance effects of structured fluency interventions on advanced text comprehension within an inclusive secondary education setting. Implications Secondary educators should systematically integrate guided, repetitive oral practice into remedial literacy programs, while school administrations must secure appropriate adaptive resources to ensure equitable academic achievement. Highlights Repetitive oral practice significantly accelerates word recognition and text comprehension. Guided fluency interventions reliably maintain elevated comprehension scores post-treatment. Inclusive schools require systematic remedial reading strategies to support vulnerable learners. Keywords Reading Comprehension; Learning Difficulties; Single Subject Research; Inclusive Education; Repeated Reading
Copyright (c) 2026 Victoria Grace Windy, Shely Cathrin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Contextual Teaching And Learning For Early Reading Among Speech Impaired Students
General Background Foundational literacy heavily dictates academic success throughout primary education, yet conventional instructional methodologies often fail to integrate written symbols with contextual, real-world meanings. Specific Background Fifth-grade students with expressive and receptive communication delays struggle extensively with early reading components, specifically confusing similar letters and struggling to decode basic consonant-vowel syllables. Knowledge Gap Although visual aids are recognized for assisting typical learners, there is limited empirical evaluation regarding the combined application of constructivist pedagogical frameworks and specific multimodal visual media to address the unique literacy barriers of speech-impaired primary students. Aims This Classroom Action Research investigates how integrating real-life experiential instruction with visually contextualized vocabulary media alters letter recognition and syllable decoding accuracy in two fifth-grade pupils exhibiting severe communication and literacy delays. Results Utilizing a two-cycle instructional sequence, visual and quantitative assessments demonstrated that individual reading mastery escalated dramatically; one subject's proficiency surged from a 20% baseline to 100%, while the second progressed from 0% to 80%. Concurrently, this multimodal intervention resolved letter confusion and significantly elevated classroom participation, learning motivation, and conversational self-confidence. Novelty This study provides direct empirical evidence on how synthesizing constructivist real-world instruction with tangible visual vocabulary interventions actively mitigates specific phonemic and decoding barriers for speech-impaired learners. Implications Primary educators must transition toward customized, multimodal, and contextually relevant literacy strategies to ensure equitable reading acquisition and sustained academic engagement for communication-delayed demographics. Highlights Combining constructivist instruction with visual vocabulary interventions resolves severe foundational literacy barriers. Visual-auditory instructional media accurately mitigates letter confusion and improves consonant-vowel syllable decoding. Contextual reading interventions actively elevate learning motivation and conversational self-confidence among speech-impaired pupils. Keywords Early Reading Skills; Speech Impairments; Contextual Teaching And Learning; Visual Instructional Media; Primary Education
Copyright (c) 2026 Adeligar Saudi Rajib, Nur Azizah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Cooperative Roleplay Strategy For English Vocabulary Mastery Among Slow Learners
General Background English language acquisition is a fundamental competency in elementary education, providing a basis for reading, writing, and global communication. Specific Background Fourth-grade students at SDN 015 Muara Wahau face severe limitations in verbalizing daily activities, primarily due to conventional memorization techniques that inadequately support individuals with cognitive disabilities. Knowledge Gap While current pedagogical literature frequently explores collaborative models for mainstream cohorts, empirical investigations integrating theatrical simulations within collaborative frameworks specifically for intellectually delayed pupils remain sparse. Aims This Classroom Action Research investigates the application of a combined collaborative and theatrical instructional model to foster word retention and verbal expression among five learning-disabled elementary pupils. Results Quantitative assessments over two instructional cycles revealed that average assessment scores escalated significantly from a 44 baseline to a post-intervention achievement of 84. Concurrently, qualitative observations demonstrated heightened peer interaction, robust self-confidence, and a 100% task completion rate regarding present continuous verb applications. Novelty This investigation presents direct empirical evidence on synthesizing peer-assisted collaboration with simulated contextual dialogues to specifically mitigate memory and attention deficits in inclusive elementary settings. Implications Elementary educators must adopt these integrated, multimodal pedagogical techniques to ensure equitable language acquisition, demanding practical shifts from passive memorization to dynamic, peer-supported verbal practice. Highlights Integrating peer collaboration with contextual theatrical simulations escalates language retention. Academic evaluation scores nearly doubled following a two-cycle pedagogical intervention. Interactive group activities successfully foster conversational confidence and active classroom participation. Keywords Learning Disabilities; Classroom Action Research; Collaborative Instruction; Verbal Expression; Inclusive Education
Copyright (c) 2026 Celsilia Novita Bunga, Nur Azizah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Universal Design For Learning In Enhancing Independent Mathematics Instruction Among Inclusive Students
General Background Equipping diverse learner populations with critical reasoning skills necessitates transitioning from rigid, traditional pedagogy toward flexible, inclusive instructional frameworks. Specific Background At SMP Negeri 1 Kombeng, conventional teacher-centered methods limit instructional autonomy, resulting in exceptionally poor academic achievement and dependent behaviors among regular pupils and a student with cognitive learning difficulties. Knowledge Gap Although current global literature confirms the broad benefits of multimodal instruction, empirical classroom action research explicitly examining how differentiated options foster autonomous reasoning and self-regulation in rural Indonesian junior high mathematics settings remains sparse. Aims This study investigates how implementing multimodal representations and differentiated choice boards transforms instructional autonomy and problem-solving achievement in a heterogeneous mathematics classroom. Results Following a two-cycle intervention, observational and quantitative data indicated that overall learning autonomy escalated from a 24.8% baseline to 80.26%. Concurrently, class-wide mathematics achievement progressed from 55.1 to 81.2, achieving a 100% classical mastery rate. The student requiring special education exhibited marked academic progression, elevating their individual assessment score from 30 to 72. Novelty This research provides direct empirical evidence on how combining differentiated choice boards with multimodal geometric representations specifically resolves self-regulation deficits and cognitive dependency in marginalized learner demographics. Implications Educational institutions must systematically adopt customizable instructional frameworks and provide comprehensive professional training, ensuring that all pupils develop the self-regulation necessary for sustained, independent academic achievement. Highlights Differentiated choice boards substantially elevate student self-regulation and instructional autonomy. Multimodal geometric representations mitigate cognitive dependency among pupils with learning difficulties. Flexible pedagogical frameworks secure 100% academic mastery within heterogeneous rural classrooms. Keywords Universal Design For Learning; Inclusive Education; Learning Independence; Mathematics Achievement; Classroom Action Research
Copyright (c) 2026 Henny Dwi Susanti, Mumpuniarti Mumpuniarti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Interactive Digital Media Application For Early Reading Skills Among Slow Learners
General Background Basic literacy development remains a pressing priority within national education systems, demanding inclusive pedagogical adaptations to accommodate diverse learner capabilities. Specific Background Slow learners in inclusive elementary schools, such as Grade II students at SDN 001 Sangatta Utara, struggle with foundational phoneme recognition and syllable decoding due to reliance on text-heavy, non-adaptive teaching methods. Knowledge Gap While current literature highlights multimedia utility for general reading comprehension, empirical studies investigating application-based visual and auditory interventions specifically for early reading progress among slow learners remain sparse. Aims This study investigates how the Qreatif.id application facilitates letter identification, phoneme pronunciation, and syllable decoding for an elementary slow learner through a two-cycle Classroom Action Research. Results Quantitative and qualitative analysis reveals that consistent use of the digital application, coupled with structured scaffolding, successfully elevated the student's early reading test scores from a pre-action baseline of 37.50% to 78.75% by the end of Cycle II. Furthermore, classroom observations demonstrated a steady progression in active participation and focus, culminating in an 88.63% engagement rate. Novelty This research provides empirical evidence on how combining customized visual-auditory digital feedback with tactile practice effectively resolves foundational literacy barriers for children with intellectual delays. Implications Elementary educators should actively integrate multisensory digital tools into inclusive classrooms, requiring institutional support for appropriate technology provisions and continuous professional pedagogical development. Highlights Visual and auditory application features significantly increase phoneme recognition and syllable decoding capabilities. Structured scaffolding within digital interventions steadily improves learning concentration and independent classroom participation. Adaptive educational technology actively mitigates foundational literacy barriers for students with intellectual delays. Keywords Early Reading Skills; Inclusive Education; Interactive Digital Media; Slow Learner; Classroom Action Research
Copyright (c) 2026 Jumiati Aris, Ikhlasul Ardi Nugroho https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Android Based Learning Media Application For Early Reading Among Intellectually Disabled Students
General Background Inclusive education mandates equitable academic access and adaptive instructional strategies for students with diverse cognitive characteristics. Specific Background First-grade learners with intellectual disabilities at SDN 001 Sangatta Utara struggle with phoneme recognition and syllable decoding due to conventional, text-heavy instructional materials. Knowledge Gap Previous literature confirms the utility of digital tools, yet empirical classroom action research specifically evaluating interactive Android applications for foundational literacy among intellectually disabled elementary cohorts remains limited. Aims This study investigates the application of multisensory Android-based learning media to support letter identification, syllable decoding, and classroom participation. Results Through a two-cycle intervention integrating visual and auditory digital stimuli with the Global Method, the student's early reading proficiency scores progressed from a 37.50% baseline to 76.25%. Concurrently, observation metrics indicated a substantial rise in classroom engagement, reaching 86.36% due to the concrete and repetitive nature of the interactive application. Novelty This research provides direct empirical evidence demonstrating how customized mobile learning platforms mitigate specific cognitive barriers in early literacy acquisition for intellectually delayed learners. Implications Elementary educators must transition toward multisensory digital pedagogical tools to foster equitable and engaging literacy environments, requiring institutional backing for technological integration in special education. Highlights Integrating Android learning applications significantly elevates phoneme recognition and syllable decoding proficiencies. Multisensory digital stimuli successfully sustain classroom attention and active instructional engagement. Iterative pedagogical adjustments combining mobile media and the Global Method optimize fundamental literacy. Keywords Early Reading Skills; Android Learning Media; Intellectual Disabilities; Classroom Action Research; Inclusive Education
Copyright (c) 2026 Rini Yuanita, Ibnu Syamsi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Role Playing Group Guidance For Interpersonal Communication Among Learning Difficulties Students
General Background Fostering social competencies alongside academic achievement is crucial within inclusive educational environments, enabling students to interact and participate actively. Specific Background Grade VII students with learning difficulties at SMP Negeri 1 Malinau Kota display passive behavior and low self-confidence, hindering their ability to express opinions and cooperate with peers. Knowledge Gap Although experiential counseling methods are recognized for building social skills, empirical evidence regarding their specific application for addressing the unique communication barriers of learning-disabled students in inclusive settings remains limited. Aims This study investigates how a six-session experiential counseling intervention simulating real school situations builds foundational communication skills for eight learning-disabled adolescents. Results A quasi-experimental, one-group pretest-posttest analysis reveals that the intervention substantially improved the participants' openness, empathy, and conversational confidence. The mean questionnaire scores surged from a low baseline of 44.63% to a high post-intervention score of 80.44%, while the Sign Test confirmed a statistically significant improvement across all participants (Exact Sig. 0.008, p < 0.05). Novelty This research provides empirical evidence demonstrating that structured experiential counseling directly mitigates specific social interaction barriers for academically challenged adolescents within inclusive schools. Implications School counselors must systematically integrate simulated social scenarios into routine group interventions to foster inclusive interactions, requiring robust institutional support for comprehensive psychological development programs. Highlights Experiential counseling sessions directly address passive behavior and low self-confidence among academically challenged adolescents. Simulating everyday school scenarios substantially improves student openness, empathy, and collaborative conversational skills. Tailored group interventions ensure equitable social participation for marginalized learners within inclusive educational environments. Keywords Group Guidance; Role Playing; Interpersonal Communication; Learning Difficulties; Inclusive Education
Copyright (c) 2026 Maya Herowati, Ishartiwi Ishartiwi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Contextual Teaching And Learning Supports Mathematics Mastery In Students With Difficulties
General Background Mathematics instruction requires concrete and meaningful learning experiences to build conceptual understanding rather than merely focusing on procedural calculations. Specific Background Fifth-grade students at risk of learning difficulties at SD Negeri 002 Sangatta Selatan struggle significantly with abstract whole-number concepts when exposed to traditional, lecture-based teaching methods. Knowledge Gap Previous literature predominantly focuses on typically developing students and isolated concrete strategies, leaving a lack of empirical evidence regarding the complete seven-component Contextual Teaching and Learning model for whole-number conceptualization among students with learning challenges. Aims This study describes the implementation of the complete Contextual Teaching and Learning model and evaluates its capacity to facilitate mathematics mastery for fifth-grade students with learning difficulties. Results Classroom Action Research across two cycles demonstrated that student mathematics scores advanced from pre-action levels of 28 percent and 30 percent to 80 percent and 82 percent in the final cycle, successfully exceeding the 70 percent minimum mastery criterion. Furthermore, observational data confirmed continuous advancements in student classroom participation, teacher performance, and instructional fidelity. Novelty This research distinctly integrates all seven contextual instructional components with concrete manipulatives to simultaneously assess academic achievement and classroom process quality in an inclusive elementary setting. Implications Educators should adopt authentic contextual simulations and concrete instructional media to accommodate diverse cognitive needs and foster meaningful mathematical understanding in inclusive classrooms. Highlights Contextual simulations combined with concrete manipulatives successfully support conceptual mathematics mastery. Implementing the seven contextual learning components substantially advances student classroom participation. Authentic learning environments facilitate the transition from concrete experiences to abstract mathematical reasoning. Keywords Contextual Teaching And Learning; Mathematics Mastery; Learning Difficulties; Concrete Instructional Media; Inclusive Elementary Education
Copyright (c) 2026 Kamaria Kamaria, Indriyana Rachmawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Contextual Artificial Intelligence Digital Storybooks Support Early Reading In Slow Learners
General Background Early reading is a fundamental literacy skill that enables students to comprehend educational materials across all subjects. Specific Background First-grade students at risk of slow learning often struggle with letter-sound correspondence and phonological awareness when taught using traditional printed materials. Knowledge Gap Previous research has primarily explored static visual media without integrating a contextual pedagogy with generative artificial intelligence to provide adaptive instruction. Aims This study investigates how a contextual digital storybook assisted by Gemini technology can support the literacy skills of first-grade students at risk of slow learning. Results A Classroom Action Research conducted over two cycles revealed that student achievement increased from pre-intervention scores of 37 percent and 46 percent to 89 percent and 95 percent, successfully surpassing the 80 percent mastery threshold. Novelty This research integrates generative algorithms with contextual pedagogy to create adaptive, multisensory learning materials tailored specifically for early elementary students with cognitive challenges. Implications Educational practitioners should utilize generative tools to create customized, context-based visual and auditory materials that accommodate the diverse cognitive needs present in inclusive classrooms. Highlights Generative technology produces familiar visualisations that maintain visual attention during literacy instruction. Multisensory educational media accommodate the cognitive load of pupils struggling with phonological awareness. Adaptive instructional adjustments like slower transitions and clearer audio ensure sustained classroom participation. Keywords Generative Technology; Phonological Awareness; Multisensory Media; Literacy Instruction; Action Research
Copyright (c) 2026 Rahmawati Nadi, Rendy Handoyo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Interactive Pancasila Based Anti Bullying Modules Foster Elementary Student Empathy Outcomes
General Background Elementary education serves as a fundamental phase for character formation, yet many schools face severe challenges with aggressive behaviors among young learners. Specific Background At SDIT Al-Fadiyah in Gowa Regency, lower elementary students demonstrate limited social awareness and emotional regulation, frequently engaging in unrecognized aggressive actions during daily peer interactions. Knowledge Gap Despite the critical need for contextual moral education, current pedagogical practices predominantly rely on conventional lecture methods and lack interactive digital materials tailored to instil early social awareness. Aims This study develops a valid, practical, and functional digital tool integrating the Just and Civilized Humanity principle to advance academic achievement and social understanding among second-grade cohorts. Results Utilizing the ADDIE research and development model with 25 participants, the developed digital framework achieved exceptional validity and practicality ratings exceeding 96 percent across all expert assessments. Following implementation, cognitive test scores advanced from 78.12 to 95.00, and observational metrics progressed from 73.75 percent to 96.50 percent, supported by a significant Wilcoxon test result and a high N-Gain coefficient. Novelty This research distinctly integrates foundational civic principles into an interactive digital framework to specifically address early childhood aggression and cultivate structured prosocial development. Implications Educational institutions should adopt these contextual digital tools within civic curricula to sustainably foster inclusive, safe, and respectful school environments. Highlights Digital civic learning materials demonstrate exceptional validity and instructional practicality across expert evaluations. Integrating moral values significantly elevates cognitive achievement scores in early childhood education. Contextual multimedia simulations successfully promote prosocial behavior and emotional regulation among young learners. Keywords Digital Civic Education; Prosocial Behavior; Interactive Learning Media; Character Formation; Early Childhood Aggression
Copyright (c) 2026 Mahyaya Nur, Jamaluddin Arifin, Ade Irma Suriani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Computational Modeling of Temporal Boundaries in Islamic Calendrical Systems
General Background The Hijri framework functions as a fundamental lunar tracking mechanism for organizing Islamic religious observances. Specific Background Converting continuous astronomical periods into discrete daily units creates mathematical challenges, requiring precise structural boundaries to maintain an alternating cycle duration of 29 or 30 days. Knowledge Gap Although administrative proposals suggest starting the daily cycle at midnight, there is a distinct lack of comprehensive simulation data verifying how different temporal boundaries systematically affect overall system stability. Aims This study analyzes the structural consistency of the Unified Global Hijri Calendar across four boundary paradigms—dawn, sunset, 18:00, and 00:00—using a thirty-year global algorithmic projection from 1447 AH to 1477 AH. Results The analysis demonstrates that initiating the daily cycle at 18:00 achieves the highest stability, yielding a normal cycle duration proportion of 64.68%. Conversely, dawn and sunset boundaries exhibit extreme spatial variability, while the 00:00 standard demonstrates a systematic bias towards longer anomalous durations. Novelty This research proves that the selection of the daily starting point is not merely a technical administrative choice but a fundamental systemic parameter governing long-term structural consistency. Implications To eliminate regional worship discrepancies and bridge astronomical limitations, framework developers should officially adopt the 18:00 reference point as the optimal compromise for worldwide implementation. Highlights The fixed 18:00 reference point provided the highest structural stability with 64.68% standard lunar cycle durations. Dawn and sunset criteria demonstrated severe spatial variability alongside local astronomical limitations worldwide. Administrative midnight settings systematically generated anomalous periods exceeding standard normative limits. Keywords Unified Global Hijri Calendar; Day Beginning Definition; Computational Simulation; Month Duration; Calendar Stability
Copyright (c) 2026 Adi Damanhuri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Can Liquid Biopsy Replace Tissue Biopsy? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Accuracy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)
General Background: Lung cancer remains a leading cause of malignancy related mortality worldwide, with non-small cell lung cancer as the predominant type. Specific Background: Tissue biopsy remains the diagnostic gold standard for NSCLC, yet its invasive procedure, limited sample availability, and reduced capacity to represent tumor heterogeneity restrict clinical utility. Knowledge Gap: Although liquid biopsy offers a minimally invasive molecular diagnostic alternative, its diagnostic performance compared with tissue biopsy remains debated. Aims: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of liquid biopsy versus tissue biopsy in adult patients with NSCLC. Results: Following PRISMA guidelines, articles from PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Library published from 2016 to 2026 were reviewed, with study quality assessed using QUADAS-2 and analysis performed using RevMan 5.4. Fourteen studies involving 3,180 NSCLC subjects were included. Liquid biopsy showed sensitivity ranging from 70.0% to 91.5% with substantial heterogeneity, while specificity remained high from 93.5% to 100% with low heterogeneity. SROC analysis demonstrated excellent diagnostic performance with AUC above 0.90, and no significant publication bias was observed. Novelty: This review directly evaluates whether liquid biopsy can serve as an alternative diagnostic approach to tissue biopsy in NSCLC. Implications: Liquid biopsy may support, but not replace, tissue biopsy due to variable sensitivity across clinical settings and disease stages. Highlights: Fourteen studies involved 3,180 subjects. Specificity remained consistently high across included evidence. Variable sensitivity limits standalone clinical use. Keywords: Liquid Biopsy, Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Tissue Biopsy
Copyright (c) 2026 Arlinda Silva Prameswari, Fadhilah Arsyil, Dwiraras Radityawan, Erlina Krisdianita Novitasari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Transformational Leadership and Educational Quality Management Implementation in Primary Schools
General Background In the globalization era, academic systems must continuously adapt to develop competent human resources through comprehensive administration. Specific Background At the basic education level, principals hold essential responsibilities in mobilizing staff and creating collaborative work environments to achieve national learning goals. Knowledge Gap Despite the acknowledged importance of school headship, empirical investigations detailing specific strategies to overcome limited staff participation in decision-making and fragmented program coordination remain necessary. Aims This study investigates how the principal applies transformational approaches to govern institutional standards at SD Inpres Mantawa B. Results Utilizing a qualitative descriptive approach with interviews, questionnaires, and documentation, findings reveal that the principal successfully applied idealized influence and inspirational motivation. Teachers were actively integrated into vision formulation and program planning, while professional development was supported through training and working groups. Quantitative survey data confirmed this success, yielding a score of 78.09%, categorizing the administrative performance as good. Novelty This research isolates the dual function of this specific leadership style in mitigating administrative burdens while directly cultivating a participatory culture among teaching staff. Implications Transformational approaches serve as a sustainable framework for basic education institutions to systematically elevate institutional standards, strengthen staff commitment, and resolve structural coordination challenges. Highlights The principal integrated teachers into vision formulation and program planning processes. Quantitative survey data categorized the administrative performance at a good level. Idealized influence alongside inspirational motivation resolved fragmented coordination challenges. Keywords Transformational Leadership; Quality Management; Primary Education; Teacher Commitment; Educational Administration
Copyright (c) 2026 Ni Komang Windi Widyawati, Rizal, Pahriadi, Nashrullah, Mas'adi, Roberto Rolly Bulalong https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Capital Investment and Diminishing Labor Returns in East Java Growth
General Background: Regional economic growth is a major indicator of welfare, industrial development, income generation, and equitable development outcomes. Specific Background: East Java Province recorded fluctuating growth from 2006 to 2025 despite rising Domestic Investment, Foreign Direct Investment, and labor absorption. Knowledge Gap: The mismatch between capital expansion, labor growth, and unstable regional output creates an empirical gap with neoclassical growth assumptions. Aims: This study analyzes the partial and simultaneous relationships of Domestic Investment, Foreign Direct Investment, and labor absorption with East Java economic growth. Results: Using secondary time-series data from 2006–2025 and a Lin-Log multiple regression model with EViews 12, Domestic Investment showed a negative non-significant result, Foreign Direct Investment showed a positive non-significant result, and labor showed a negative significant result at the 10% level. Simultaneously, all predictors were significant with F-statistic 3.353787, probability 0.045319, and R-squared 0.386064. Novelty: This study identifies labor saturation within East Java’s long-term regional growth model. Implications: Policymakers should move beyond raw capital injection by strengthening labor-intensive downstream manufacturing and targeted vocational education. Highlights: Workforce expansion showed a negative significant coefficient. Both capital variables were not significant individually. The model explained 38.61% of regional output variation. Keywords: Domestic Investment, Foreign Investment, Labor, Economic Growth, Lin-Log Model
Copyright (c) 2026 Rona Wulan Ningtiyas, Ririt Iriani Sri Setiawari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Sketchfab Augmented Interactive 3D Media Drives Learning Interest and Understanding in Elementary Mathematics
General Background Digital educational transitions increasingly mandate interactive visual technologies to secure elementary student engagement and sustained pedagogical development. Specific Background Teaching abstract mathematical concepts, such as simple fractions, relies heavily on these visual media tools to translate complex ideas into concrete, comprehensible formats for young learners. Knowledge Gap Although virtual reality and 3D modeling have advanced considerably, there is a distinct lack of research explicitly developing and testing accessible platforms like Sketchfab to elevate affective learning domains, specifically students' learning interest toward abstract fractions. Aims This study designs and evaluates a Sketchfab-based interactive 3D visual medium targeting the enhancement of fourth-grade students' learning interest and academic achievement in simple fractions. Results Utilizing the ADDIE framework across experimental and control groups at SDN Susukan 07 Pagi, the developed media achieved a "very feasible" expert validation rating. Quantitative assessments revealed a significant experimental achievement increase (Sig. = 0.000), a moderate N-Gain (0.31), a very strong Cohen's d effect size (2.285), and an average learning interest score reaching 82.29%. Novelty This study distinctively positions Sketchfab not merely as a visualization tool, but integrates it conceptually with cognitive load reduction theories to intentionally drive both cognitive achievement and affective learning interest. Implications Elementary educators should integrate interactive 3D platforms within their curricula, utilizing structured worksheets and guided exploration, to concretize abstract mathematical principles and actively sustain student engagement. Highlights Interactive 3D visualization significantly reduces cognitive abstraction when learning simple fractions. The Sketchfab platform successfully elevates both mathematical achievement and affective learning interest. Expert validation confirms the very high feasibility of these developed digital instructional designs. Keywords Interactive Learning Media; Sketchfab; Elementary Mathematics; Learning Interest; ADDIE Model
Copyright (c) 2026 Dina Trisia, Mimin Ninawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Evidence Based Components of HOTS Assessment Training Models for Elementary Teachers
General Background: Twenty-first-century education requires students to develop Higher Order Thinking Skills to solve complex problems, think critically, and create innovative solutions. Specific Background: Primary school teachers play a central role in designing classroom evaluation that supports analysis, evaluation, and creation, yet many still struggle to distinguish higher-order and lower-order questions and to construct appropriate instruments. Knowledge Gap: Previous studies have reported various workshops, mentoring, and professional development practices, but a comprehensive evidence-based synthesis for primary teacher HOTS assessment training remains limited. Aims: This study aimed to identify, examine, and synthesize prior research on HOTS assessment training models for primary school teachers and formulate a comprehensive conceptual framework. Results: Using a Systematic Literature Review based on PRISMA 2020, fifteen eligible studies were analyzed thematically. The synthesis shows that evidence-based HOTS assessment training requires conceptual understanding, practical instrument development, classroom implementation, guided reflection, professional learning community support, and sustainability through leadership and collaborative culture. The study also identified limited time, teacher misconceptions, and insufficient school support as major barriers, while principal leadership and professional learning communities served as key success factors. Novelty: This study proposes the Evidence-Based HOTS Assessment Training Model consisting of conceptual foundation, practical skill development, guided implementation and reflection, and cultivation and sustainability. Implications: The model offers a structured reference for teacher professional development programs in primary education. Highlights: Concept clarification became the first requirement for accurate item design. Guided classroom practice linked theory with authentic evaluation tasks. Leadership and peer collaboration supported long-term implementation. Keywords: Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS), HOTS Assessment, Teacher Professional Development.
Copyright (c) 2026 Manar Imam Muhammadi, Yuni Pantiwati, Abdulkadir Rahardjanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Multidisciplinary Scope of Contemporary Islamic Jurisprudence in Addressing Modernization Challenges
General Background Modernization and rapid technological advancements have profoundly transformed various socio-economic, medical, and political dimensions of human life. Specific Background These global transformations precipitate complex new legal phenomena that remain unaddressed within classical religious literature, necessitating adaptive legal interpretations. Knowledge Gap Although recent scholarship frequently analyzes isolated legal cases, a comprehensive framework detailing the foundational concepts, expansive breadth, and interdisciplinary obstacles of modern religious law remains fragmented. Aims This study investigates the conceptual breadth of contemporary religious legal studies and analyzes its strategic urgency in resolving multifaceted global issues. Results Utilizing a qualitative library research method, the findings reveal that this legal domain encompasses digital finance, information technology, bioethics, environmental preservation, and international political relations. Furthermore, scholars apply progressive ijtihad mechanisms, including qiyas and maqāṣid al-syarī'ah, to formulate contextual frameworks that preserve fundamental religious principles while accommodating socio-technological realities. Novelty This research transcends sectoral legal analyses by providing a holistic, multidisciplinary synthesis of how progressive religious law systematically integrates secular knowledge with foundational normative objectives. Implications Consequently, this legal framework serves a critical function in sustaining global relevance, demanding robust interdisciplinary collaboration between religious scholars and scientific experts to formulate pragmatic, ethically sound solutions for emerging worldwide phenomena. Highlights Sharia adapts to rapid technological and socio-economic changes through progressive ijtihad mechanisms. Comprehensive legal frameworks cover digital finance, bioethics, environmental preservation, and global relations. Robust collaboration between religious scholars and scientific experts creates contextual normative solutions Keywords Ijtihad Mechanisms; Digital Finance; Bioethics Applications; Sharia Adaptability; Interdisciplinary Collaboration
Copyright (c) 2026 Kelas Htn 6c, Aripin Marpaung https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Brain Based Learning Framework for Beginner Indonesian Language Acquisition
General Background: Indonesian as a Foreign Language (BIPA) instruction is increasingly vital in the Southeast Asian educational landscape, necessitating adaptive pedagogical strategies to facilitate cross-cultural communication. Specific Background: Beginner BIPA learners in Thailand often face significant challenges, including limited linguistic exposure, high cognitive demands, and anxiety, which hinder their initial language acquisition. Knowledge Gap: While current BIPA research prioritizes technological tools, there is a deficiency in empirical studies applying neuro-pedagogical frameworks—specifically Brain-Based Learning (BBL)—to optimize the receptive–pre-productive stages of language development. Aims: This study examined the application of the BBL model on basic Indonesian vocabulary mastery as a foundation for early speaking readiness among beginner BIPA learners. Results: Using a mixed-methods sequential explanatory design, the study revealed a statistically significant improvement in vocabulary mastery (t = 2.21, p = 0.040), with mean scores rising from 76.32 to 86.32. Novelty: This research provides empirical evidence that BBL-driven instruction—emphasizing multisensory stimulation and positive emotional engagement—effectively constructs cognitive-linguistic foundations for novice learners. Implications: Brain-Based Learning offers a meaningful instructional framework for beginner-level BIPA learners by strengthening receptive–pre-productive vocabulary foundations as vital preparation for subsequent speaking development. Highlights The Brain-Based Learning model significantly improves vocabulary mastery for beginner-level foreign language learners. Instructional designs incorporating multisensory stimulation and positive emotional management reduce language learning anxiety and increase learner participation. Systematic vocabulary acquisition at the receptive–pre-productive stage serves as a crucial cognitive foundation for future productive speaking proficiency. Keywords Brain-Based Learning; BIPA; Indonesian Vocabulary Mastery; Receptive–Pre-Productive Stage; Mixed-Methods
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurul Fara Nazwa, Syamsuyurnita Syamsuyurnita https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Self Leadership, Perceived Immune Health and Commitment Indicators for Hospital Digital Monitoring
Hospital digital systems increasingly support workforce monitoring and clinical decision support. Specific Background: This study examines organisational and individual determinants among hospital employees and medical students in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Knowledge Gap: Leadership, work attitudes, self-regulation, and perceived health are rarely captured as structured data in hospital information systems. Aims: This study analyzes determinants of performance and perceived immune health and identifies indicators suitable for digital integration. Results: Data involved 349 hospital employees and 92 medical students. Islamic leadership significantly shaped Islamic work ethic, and organisational commitment significantly shaped employee performance, although the structural model showed limited fit. Self-leadership and sleep quality significantly predicted perceived immune health, explaining 77.6% of its variance. Risk-taking behavior was not significant after other predictors were controlled. Novelty: The study proposes validated human-factor indicators for electronic medical records and hospital information systems. Implications: Hospitals can integrate self-leadership, sleep quality, commitment, and leadership-related indicators into digital monitoring and decision-support workflows. Highlights: Self-regulation and rest quality explained 77.6% of variance. Commitment was directly linked with staff performance. Risk-taking lost significance in the regression model. Keywords: Electronic Medical Record, Perceived Immune Health, Islamic Leadership, Self-Leadership, Clinical Decision Support.
Copyright (c) 2026 Qurratul Aini, Titik Muti’ah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Qualification Portability in Vocational Education: Evidence from Uzbekistan's International Mobility Reforms
General Background A vocational qualification must retain its structural cross-border value by ensuring receiving employers can easily interpret and verify a graduate's actual competency evidence. Specific Background Between 2018 and 2025, Uzbekistan introduced critical institutional components, including updated qualification frameworks, dual learning legislation, expanded foreign language provision, and digital employment services. Knowledge Gap Previous scholarly research has focused heavily on isolated training volumes and general migration links, failing to provide an integrated measure of comprehensive institutional readiness for cross-border credential recognition. Aims This study evaluates the capacity of Uzbekistan's professional education system to generate foreign-recognized credentials for middle-skilled labor and designs a structured architecture to connect these systemic functions. Results Utilizing a six-function diagnostic tool, the Qualification Portability Readiness Index recorded an institutional increase from 8.3 points in 2018 to 91.7 points in 2025, although active admissions covered only 71.4% of cataloged occupations. Novelty This article develops an original three-tier architecture that directly links external recognition benchmarks, verified workplace portfolios, independent competency assessments, and digitally traceable credentials. Implications Future educational policies must shift from independent international program expansion toward an interoperable recognition chain supported by occupation-specific portability files and consent-based digital skills passports. Keywords: Qualification Portability, Vocational Education, International Recognition, Occupational Language, Uzbekistan Key Findings Highlights An institutional index maps a rise in qualification portability readiness from 8.3 to 91.7 points between 2018 and 2025. The national classifier achieved a 71.4% operationalization ratio across active vocational training programs. A new system structures data across recognition standards, workplace portfolios, and digital passports.
Copyright (c) 2026 Farrukh Utkirivich Masharipov https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Verification-Gated Blended Finance Waterfall for Energy Efficiency Projects in Uzbekistan
General Background Energy efficiency deployment faces severe commercial hurdles because cash flows are generated through avoided expenditures rather than conventional product sales. Specific Background Uzbekistan aims to scale up demand-side efficiency investments by combining domestic banking assets, international development funds, and public resources to meet national green transition objectives. Knowledge Gap Existing frameworks fail to specify when public allocations should remain recoverable, how physical performance decouples from tariff fluctuations, and how measurement uncertainties alter grant conversions. Aims This study designs a transaction-level blended finance waterfall that conditions the release of public capital upon independent ex-post performance validation. Results Applying a synthetic 100-unit project structure reveals that integrating a 10% performance-linked public tranche reduces the weighted average cost of capital from 18.0% to 11.0%, lowers total scheduled financing services to 15.21 units, and increases the verified savings coverage ratio to 1.23. Novelty This model decomposes green project eligibility into separate decisions based on real physical generation, monetary debt capacities, and distinct fiscal risk exposures instead of a static green label. Implications Regulators can deploy this mechanism to pilot sustainable modernization strategies across public infrastructure, industrial operations, and district heating networks without creating unbacked public liabilities. Keywords: Blended Finance, Energy Efficiency, Performance Verification, Results-based Finance, Uzbekistan Key Findings Highlights Blended waterfalls decrease the weighted average cost of capital by seven percentage points. Underperforming assets triggers technical diagnosis and conditional restructuring rather than automated grant conversion. Decoupling performance metrics prevents utility tariff movements from dictating fiscal support limits.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ilkhom Abdullaevich Oripov https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
An Open-Data Diagnostic Index of Productive Employment Across Uzbekistan’s Regions
General Background: Employment and unemployment rates remain essential macroeconomic indicators but often fail to capture the qualitative dimensions of labor, such as stability, income adequacy, and productivity. Specific Background: While Uzbekistan achieved notable reductions in poverty and unemployment between 2020 and 2025, these national improvements masked significant disparities in labor market quality across different regions. Knowledge Gap: Existing regional statistics lack the necessary depth to measure productive employment comprehensively, as routine monitoring predominantly focuses on aggregate job creation numbers. Aims: This research constructs a transparent open-data diagnostic index for 14 territorial units, evaluates its sensitivity to methodological choices, and proposes a pathway toward an integrated administrative data system. Results: By normalizing employment growth, average wages, and per capita income, the study reveals sharp territorial divides; Tashkent city and Navoi emerged as top performers, whereas Namangan and Surkhandarya recorded the lowest indices, a pattern that remained robust despite varying weighting schemes. Novelty: The study introduces a reproducible eight-dimension architecture that bridges statistical gaps, offering a diagnostic tool that advances regional assessment from simple job counts toward concrete evidence of labor quality. Implications: These findings underscore the necessity for tailored regional labor policies that prioritize industrial specialization, professional certification, and infrastructure modernization over one-size-fits-all national frameworks. Highlights: The diagnostic index reveals territorial labor market disparities that aggregate national statistics fail to display. Regional performance rankings maintain high stability even when income components or weighting models are adjusted. The proposed multi-dimensional architecture links labor expansion with poverty reduction and formal job quality metrics. Keywords: Productive Employment, Regional Labor Markets, Open Data Index, Human Capital, Uzbekistan Economic Development
Copyright (c) 2026 Anvarjon Akramjonovich Abdumukhtorov https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Marketing 5.0 in Emerging Markets: AI, Human Strategies, and Sustainability in Iraq
General Background Marketing 5.0 integrates advanced technologies with human-centered values to enhance sustainable consumer engagement over digital platforms. Specific Background While prior studies have examined artificial intelligence applications and human-centered strategies separately, limited empirical evidence exists regarding their combined influence in emerging markets like Iraq, where technology uptake can be faster than institutional development and consumer confidence. Knowledge Gap Current literature views the use of artificial intelligence applications and human-centered approaches as two distinct sources of marketing outcomes, leading to disjointed explanations of consumer engagement and a lack of empirical research on how artificial intelligence-driven marketing contributes to ongoing, long-term relational constructs. Aims This study investigates the effects of artificial intelligence applications and human-centered strategies on sustainable consumer engagement in Iraq, considering the mediating role of digital trust and the moderating role of ethical sustainability. Results Quantitative analysis of 400 Iraqi consumers indicates that both artificial intelligence applications and human-centered strategies significantly improve sustainable consumer engagement, with digital trust partially mediating the relationship and ethical sustainability strengthening the impact of human-centered strategies. Novelty This study contributes to Marketing 5.0 literature by validating an integrative model that combines technological capabilities with human values, demonstrating that their synergy generates stronger engagement outcomes than relying on either approach independently. Implications The findings provide practical guidance for organizations seeking sustainable consumer engagement through trustworthy, transparent, and ethically responsible artificial intelligence-driven marketing practices in digitally transforming markets. Keywords: Marketing 5.0, Artificial Intelligence, Human-Centered Strategies, Digital Trust, Sustainable Consumer Engagement Key Findings Highlights Artificial intelligence applications and human-centered strategies significantly improve sustainable consumer engagement. Digital trust serves as a critical partial mediator between automated applications and long-term customer relationships. Ethical sustainability acts as a boundary condition that strengthens the impact of human-centric marketing practices.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hafsa Ataallah Hussein, Dr. Bilal Jasim Alqaysi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Selective Partner Criteria Disclosure in Post Divorce Family Communication
General Background: Rising divorce rates have increased attention to family communication and the interpersonal experiences of children raised by single parents. Specific Background: In post-divorce families, discussions about romantic relationships require daughters to manage privacy boundaries with their single mothers. Knowledge Gap: Limited research has examined how daughters of divorced parents regulate self-disclosure and communication privacy regarding ideal partner criteria. Aims: This study explores self-disclosure and privacy boundary management among daughters from divorced families using Communication Privacy Management Theory and Interpersonal Communication Theory. Results: Findings indicate that self-disclosure is selective, situational, and shaped by emotional readiness, perceived communication risks, and parental responses. Communication turbulence arises when parental expectations conflict with participants' partner preferences, resulting in stricter privacy boundaries and restricted information sharing. Preferred partner characteristics include responsibility, emotional maturity, and shared religious values. Novelty: This study integrates Communication Privacy Management Theory and interpersonal communication to explain privacy boundary negotiation, boundary ownership, and communication turbulence in partner selection. Implications: The findings provide insights for promoting empathetic parent–child communication, minimizing interpersonal conflict, and supporting healthier privacy management in post-divorce families. Highlights: Emotional readiness and perceived relational risk determine personal information sharing with single mothers. Contrasting expectations between generations generate recurring communication turbulence during discussions about future relationships. Responsibility, emotional maturity, and shared religious beliefs consistently characterize preferred life partners. Keywords: Self-Disclosure, Divorce, Ideal Partner, Interpersonal Communication, Communication Privacy Management.
Copyright (c) 2026 Vina Ayu Miranda, Sumardjijati Subiantoro https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Limitations of the President's Prerogative Rights in Granting Abolition and Amnesty for Convictions with Permanent Legal Force
General Background: Constitutional government requires state authority to operate within the rule of law, separation of powers, and checks and balances. Specific Background: Article 14 of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia grants the President authority to provide amnesty and abolition, yet this authority becomes controversial when applied to cases that have passed judicial processes or obtained permanent legal force. Knowledge Gap: Previous studies have discussed procedures, institutional relations, and prerogative characteristics, but have not comprehensively formulated constitutional limits for amnesty and abolition after legally binding court decisions. Aims: This normative legal study aimed to analyze constitutional limits on presidential prerogative power, identify weaknesses in existing regulation, and formulate an ideal legal construction to prevent abuse of authority. Results: The study found that Indonesian regulation still leaves broad discretion because substantive criteria for granting amnesty and abolition remain unclear. This condition may create legal uncertainty, weaken equality before the law, reduce judicial legitimacy, and turn parliamentary consideration into political formality. Novelty: The study proposes constitutional limitation through clear substantive criteria, stronger House of Representatives oversight, an independent advisory institution, open evaluation, and possible procedural review by the Constitutional Court. Implications: The proposed model can help align presidential clemency powers with democratic rule of law, judicial independence, legal certainty, public interest, and human rights protection. Highlights: Existing regulation leaves broad room for executive judgment. Weak oversight may reduce legal certainty and equality. An advisory body and transparent review are proposed. Keywords: Abolition, Amnesty, Presidential Prerogative
Copyright (c) 2026 Syarif Husen, Ahmad Syaifudin, Suratman Suratman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Tri Hita Karana as A Contractual Clause in Village Tourism Partnership Agreements
General Background Village-Owned Enterprises operate strategically to drive rural economic independence. Specific Background In Bali, many of these rural collaborations rely exclusively on informal trust grounded in the Tri Hita Karana philosophy, lacking formal written documents and creating long-term legal uncertainties. Knowledge Gap While local wisdom effectively maintains relationship stability, transforming these ethical and cultural values into legally binding and enforceable parameters remains academically and practically unexplored. Aims This socio-legal study investigates the normative feasibility of integrating indigenous principles into formal Indonesian contract law and formulates a thematic framework for commercial partnerships. Results Utilizing normative-empirical methods, the analysis reveals that incorporating parahyangan, pawongan, and palemahan strongly aligns with the Indonesian Civil Code, specifically fortifying the doctrines of good faith, balance, and reasonableness. Consequently, the study constructs a three-pillar mechanism establishing ethical commitments, equitable profit-sharing, and stringent environmental sustainability obligations. Novelty The research introduces the Pluralist and Sustainable Village Contract Law Model, successfully operationalizing an abstract cosmological philosophy into a structured, legally enforceable instrument. Implications This framework provides a directly applicable governance model for rural enterprises across Indonesia, offering a legal pathway to secure economic operations while preserving localized cultural and ecological sustainability. Highlights: Translating indigenous cosmological philosophy into binding legal frameworks resolves administrative uncertainties for rural enterprise partnerships. Integrating spiritual, social, and ecological principles directly fortifies the Indonesian Civil Code doctrines of good faith and equitable balance. The proposed Pluralist and Sustainable Model provides a culturally adaptable governance instrument for local economic organizations nationwide. Keywords: Legal Governance, Local Wisdom, Pluralist Contract Law, Rural Enterprises, Sustainable Tourism
Copyright (c) 2026 Ida Ayu Putu Sri Astiti Padmawati, Ni Ketut Nadila Suryasari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Trade Secret Leaks Via Digital Media Comparative Analysis Of Indonesia And Thailand
General Background The rapid evolution of electronic technology presents significant challenges for business information security, escalating the risk of corporate data breaches. Specific Background In Indonesia, recent incidents involving corporate data misappropriation by current or former personnel via electronic platforms demonstrate the severe economic and reputational vulnerabilities facing modern enterprises. Knowledge Gap Although Indonesia implements Law Number 30 of 2000, this statute fails to explicitly address electronic breaches, necessitating fragmented reliance on multiple ancillary regulations, whereas comparative jurisdictions possess more adaptive legal frameworks. Aims This study analyzes the regulatory efficacy of electronic commercial information protection and compares the statutory frameworks between Indonesia and Thailand. Results Utilizing a normative legal and comparative approach, findings reveal that Indonesian statutes lack explicit provisions for electronic leaks, digital evidence, and post-employment confidentiality, resulting in legal uncertainty and inefficient enforcement. Conversely, Thailand’s Trade Secrets Act (No. 2) B.E. 2558 demonstrates superior adaptability by explicitly accommodating electronic commercial information, recognizing digital evidence, and establishing specialized dispute resolution mechanisms. Novelty This research distinctly isolates the electronic dimensions of commercial misappropriation by former personnel, bridging theoretical legal certainty paradigms with practical comparative legislative solutions from a neighboring nation. Implications Consequently, Indonesian lawmakers must urgently modernize the corresponding laws to integrate electronic evidence standards, define virtual asset boundaries, and explicitly regulate former personnel liabilities to ensure robust legal certainty. Highlights Current national laws fail to explicitly address electronic corporate data breaches. Thai legislation explicitly accommodates electronic evidence and post-employment confidentiality liabilities. Modernizing national statutes ensures robust legal certainty for commercial information owners. Keywords Electronic Evidence; Legal Certainty; Corporate Data Security; Post-Employment Confidentiality; Legislative Modernization
Copyright (c) 2026 Ismawati Ismawati, Ramadhina Eka Putri Sugiarto, Arzetty Putri Septeddy, Suria Suria, Binsar Pandapotan Panjaitan, Lia Nuraini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Contractual Validity and Notary Liability in Fraus Legis Nominee Agreements
General Background Globalization and foreign investment liberalization precipitate complex legal mechanisms separating formal and beneficial ownership across diverse jurisdictions. Specific Background Within Indonesia, these arrangements frequently bypass statutory restrictions governing land rights and corporate asset control. Knowledge Gap Although previous scholarship addresses these contracts sectorally, a comprehensive framework integrating the fraus legis doctrine, beneficial ownership concepts, and professional obligations remains critically absent. Aims This normative study analyzes contractual validity parameters for these mechanisms and evaluates the corresponding legal responsibilities of public officials drafting related authentic deeds. Results The doctrinal analysis reveals that while these unnamed contracts theoretically align with freedom of contract principles, they become null and void when utilized to evade mandatory laws, thereby lacking a lawful cause. Furthermore, officials functioning as guardians of substantive legality face civil, administrative, and criminal liabilities if they passively facilitate unlawful asset concealment. Novelty This research distinctly synthesizes civil contract principles with professional liability frameworks, establishing a unified approach to combat systemic statutory circumvention. Implications Consequently, legislative revisions must mandate rigorous beneficial owner identification and authorize practitioners to reject legally deficient transactions, thereby safeguarding national legal certainty. Highlights Unnamed contracts designed to circumvent mandatory statutory restrictions lack lawful causation and are consequently nullified. Public officials must act as guardians of substantive legality rather than passive recorders of party intentions. Legislative revisions requiring rigorous beneficial owner identification will significantly prevent authentic deed misuse in corporate transactions. Keywords Beneficial Ownership; Substantive Legality; Unnamed Contracts; Authentic Deeds; Legal Circumvention
Copyright (c) 2026 Bunayya Damaria Zamie, Abdul Rokhim, Mutiara Balqis Nabielah Rahmi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Legal Liability of Digital Influencers as Commercial Brand Users
General Background: The rapid evolution of digital technology has transformed global trade, positioning digital endorsement as a primary marketing strategy in the modern retail industry. Specific Background: Influencers now serve dual roles as both public promoters and commercial brand users, significantly steering consumer trust and purchasing decisions. Knowledge Gap: Despite their influence, there is legal ambiguity regarding the accountability of influencers when providing inaccurate product information, as demonstrated by the Helwa Skincare case. Aims: This study analyzes the legal position of influencers as brand users and identifies their legal liability for disseminating information that harms consumers. Results: Findings confirm that influencers function as commercial partners, bearing legal responsibility for their communications. Liability encompasses civil accountability under Article 1365 of the Indonesian Civil Code, criminal liability pursuant to the Electronic Information and Transaction Law, and administrative compliance. Novelty: This research provides a distinct legal framework categorizing influencers as commercial entities rather than mere consumers when engaged in paid endorsements, necessitating strict adherence to transparency and prudence. Implications: The study emphasizes the critical need for strengthened regulatory oversight and mandatory sponsorship disclosure to enhance consumer protection and institutionalize influencer accountability in the digital era. Highlights Influencers acting as commercial partners are legally responsible for the veracity of their promotional content under both civil and criminal statutes. Current legal frameworks require influencers to uphold principles of prudence, honesty, and transparency to mitigate potential consumer harm. Strengthening mandatory sponsorship disclosure is essential to align local regulatory practices with global consumer protection standards. Keywords Digital Endorsement; Influencer Accountability; Consumer Protection; Brand Liability; Legal Liability
Copyright (c) 2026 Abella Aurelia Syifa, Aldlyan Meilani, Aulia Putri Insani, Dhuha Nurhidayah, Yeni A Lumbantoruan, Lia Nuraini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Legal Analysis of Health Care Verification Practices (VPK), Post-Claim Audits, and Potential Legal Liabilities for Physicians in the Implementation of the National Health Insurance (JKN) Program by BPJS Kesehatan
General Background: National Health Insurance administration creates complex legal relations among BPJS Kesehatan, healthcare facilities, and medical professionals. Specific Background: This legal review examines Health Service Verification, post-claim audits, dispute claims, pending claims, recoupment, and fraud allegations in JKN implementation. Knowledge Gap: Administrative disputes are often linked to clinical judgment, coding differences, and documentation issues without adequate legal certainty, peer review, or fair procedural safeguards. Aims: This study analyzes BPJS authority limits, legal protection for doctors and hospitals, retrospective audit legality, fraud qualification, and compliance with good governance principles. Results: The review finds that BPJS functions as a public legal administrator, not a judicial body or professional clinical authority. Retrospective audits, unilateral recoupment, unclear verification parameters, and premature fraud allegations may conflict with legal certainty, transparency, proportionality, and fair administrative process. Novelty: This study frames JKN verification and audit governance through administrative law, health law, contract law, constitutional protection, and medical professional independence. Implications: BPJS, the Ministry of Health, and IDI should strengthen transparent standards, independent dispute mechanisms, peer review, and non-penal guidance. Highlights: Retrospective verification may undermine legal certainty. Fraud requires intent and real financial loss. Peer review should guide clinical disputes. Keywords: BPJS Health, National Health Insurance, Legal Certainty, Post Claim Audit, Health Law
Copyright (c) 2026 Dzulqarnain Andira, Ronny Sutanto, Nur Aini Hasan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Community Training Forms Funeral Care Cadres for SDG’S 3
General Background: Funeral care in Muslim communities is a fardhu kifayah obligation requiring religious understanding, technical competence, and community readiness. Specific Background: Muhammadiyah cadres and mosque administrators in Ranting Ngemplak, Tulangan, Sidoarjo, faced limited capacity in leading Islamic funeral care procedures, while the service still depended on a small number of religious figures. Knowledge Gap: Structured cadre development for funeral care at the branch level remained limited, particularly through a standardized Manhaj Tarjih Muhammadiyah based training model connected to SDGs 3. Aims: This community service program aimed to strengthen the competence of Muhammadiyah cadres and mosque administrators in safe, dignified, and sharia compliant funeral care. Results: The participatory experiential learning program involved 45 participants through Focus Group Discussion, interactive lectures, demonstrations, leadership simulations, and soft skill workshops. Participant understanding increased from an average pre test score of 60 to 80, a training module based on Manhaj Tarjih Muhammadiyah was prepared, a Funeral Care Cadre Team for Ranting Ngemplak was formed, and regular studies were organized for program sustainability. Novelty: The program integrates Islamic jurisprudence, practical simulation, leadership training, and SDGs 3 oriented community health service. Implications: This model can strengthen community based health readiness, support bereaved families, and be replicated in other Muhammadiyah branches. Highlights: Forty five participants completed practical learning sessions. A Manhaj Tarjih based module and SOP were produced. Routine studies were arranged for continuity. Keywords: Preparation of the Deceased, Muhammadiyah Cadres, Experiential Learning, SDG 3, Community Service
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhlasin Amrullah, Imam Mahfudzi , Abdul Haris https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Implementation and Operational Challenges of the SP4N-LAPOR Digital Complaint System
General Background The integration of digital information technology into government services represents a fundamental strategy for achieving transparent and responsive public administration. Specific Background Pekanbaru City utilizes the SP4N-LAPOR application as an online platform to facilitate community participation and address service grievances. Knowledge Gap Despite an initial increase in reporting, the platform frequently encounters technical and operational barriers, necessitating a comprehensive evaluation of its actual utility and systemic constraints based on multidimensional parameters. Aims This study analyzes the operational utility of the SP4N-LAPOR application in managing public grievances at the Pekanbaru City Communications and Informatics Office, while identifying specific institutional obstacles and resolution strategies. Results Utilizing Gibson and Steers’ theoretical framework, qualitative analysis indicates that the application successfully standardized grievance procedures according to national protocols and increased overall community participation. However, systemic software errors, severe human resource shortages, and low public awareness prevent optimal service delivery. Novelty This research specifically isolates the multidimensional constraints of digital governance mechanisms within a regional Indonesian context, linking administrative personnel deficits directly to software operational delays. Implications Achieving transparent and accountable digital governance requires policymakers to prioritize technical system refinement, expand administrative personnel capacity, and conduct extensive community socialization campaigns. Highlights The integrated online platform successfully standardized public grievance procedures and increased community participation. Systemic software errors and limited administrative personnel significantly restricted optimal service delivery. Extensive community socialization remains essential to overcome awareness barriers and achieve accountable governance. Keywords Accountable Governance; Administrative Personnel; Digital Platform; Public Grievances; Systemic Barriers
Copyright (c) 2026 Anna Asriniati Harahap, Nursyafniati Nursyafniati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Semantic Analysis of Quiz Based Educational Platforms Using Pre Trained Models
General Background: Teknologi digital telah merevolusi pendidikan melalui platform edukasi berbasis kuis yang interaktif dan fleksibel. Specific Background: Minat remaja terhadap platform ini ditentukan oleh persepsi visual, kemudahan operasional, dan kegunaan fungsional. Knowledge Gap: Kurangnya integrasi antara analisis regresi kuantitatif dan eksplorasi semantik berbasis NLP membatasi pemahaman mendalam mengenai pengalaman pengguna. Aims: Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis faktor penentu minat pengguna serta mengevaluasi model BERT, SBERT, dan DistilBERT dalam memproses opini pengguna secara semantik. Results: Analisis regresi (R² = 0,7516) mengidentifikasi kegunaan fungsional sebagai prediktor utama minat pengguna, sementara BERT menunjukkan performa terbaik dengan skor Cosine Similarity tertinggi (0,7666) dibanding model lainnya. Novelty: Penelitian ini mengintegrasikan desain metode campuran untuk mengukur pendorong keterlibatan pengguna sekaligus membuktikan keunggulan arsitektur BERT dalam menginterpretasi respons pengguna di lingkungan pendidikan. Implications: Temuan ini menyediakan kerangka kerja berbasis data bagi pengembang untuk memprioritaskan kegunaan fungsional dan memanfaatkan analisis semantik BERT dalam optimalisasi platform edukasi berkelanjutan. Highlights Functional utility emerged as the most significant predictor of platform engagement, surpassing visual design and operational ease. BERT demonstrated superior performance in capturing semantic similarity within user feedback compared to DistilBERT and SBERT. Mixed-methods integration effectively provides a comprehensive evaluation of user perception for targeted educational system improvements. Keywords Educational Website; Interactive Quiz; BERT; DistilBERT; SBERT; NLP
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhamammad Zaky Novananda, Triyanna Widiyaningtyas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Real-Time Waste Monitoring System Based On IOT Sensors
General Background Rapid urban growth makes traditional solid waste collection unsustainable. Specific Background Conventional systems rely on manual, static routes, causing container overflow and excessive fuel use. Knowledge Gap However, urban infrastructures lack decentralized monitoring for real-time volume, temperature, and gas data. Aims This study evaluates an intelligent waste system integrating ultrasonic, temperature, and gas sensors via microcontrollers and dashboards. Results Validation confirms the prototype accurately detects fill levels and filters measurement noise from irregular surfaces. Novelty The system introduces a multi-sensor classification framework triggering alerts based on combined volumetric, thermal, and chemical changes. Implications These findings demonstrate that sensor networks improve municipal efficiency, reduce vehicle deployment, and provide a foundation for predictive route optimization. Keywords: Smart Waste Management, Real-time Monitoring, Ultrasonic Sensor, Smart City Infrastructure, Wireless Sensor Networks Key Findings Highlights Automated multi-sensor arrays accurately classify container capacities into prioritized operational states. Specialized microcontroller data filtering successfully reduces measurement errors caused by irregular waste surface geometry. Live telemetry loops transmit simultaneous volumetric, gas, and temperature updates directly to municipal operators.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sojida Ochilova, Alibek Norboboyev https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Semantic Shifts of Arabic Lexical Items on Social Media: An Analytical Linguistic Study
General Background The global expansion of digital communication platforms has fundamentally altered contemporary linguistic interaction patterns. Specific Background Within modern Arabic digital discourse, social media usage accelerates modifications in word meanings across online environments. Knowledge Gap Existing literature lacks a comprehensive linguistic framework examining rapid semantic shifts across multiple social networking platforms. Aims This study analyzes the mechanisms, patterns, and contextual determinants of semantic transformations in contemporary Arabic vocabulary. Results Utilizing a descriptive-analytical methodology comparing traditional dictionary definitions with digital expressions, the analysis demonstrates widespread semantic broadening in items like follow and share, along with distinct processes of narrowing, transfer, amelioration, and pejoration driven by multimodal interactions. Novelty The findings establish that digital environments act as primary catalysts for accelerated linguistic adaptation rather than gradual historical change. Implications These insights necessitate updating modern Arabic lexicography and developing specialized digital corpora for computational linguistics applications. Keywords: Arabic Language, Digital Linguistics, Semantic Shifts, Social Media, Online Discourse Key Findings Highlights Digital communication environments significantly accelerate the speed of semantic changes in contemporary Arabic vocabulary. Semantic broadening represents the most predominant pattern of meaning transformation across social media platforms. Platform mechanics and multimodal elements directly influence modern lexical reinterpretation and value shifts.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ghadah Meften Hashim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Governance of Iraqi Universities and Its Role in Improving Institutional Performance Efficiency
General Background The current higher education sector is transforming rapidly due to global expectations for academic quality and competitiveness. Specific Background Modern university governance models rely heavily on transparency, accountability, and administrative autonomy to optimize resources and elevate institutional performance. Knowledge Gap Despite recent reforms, tertiary entities in Iraq continue to experience unequal organizational outcomes and lack modern administrative applications compared to global standards. Aims This study investigates the correlation between university governance and operational outcomes in Iraq alongside a statistical comparison with regional models. Results Analysis of stakeholder responses revealed a statistically significant positive correlation between administrative implementation and institutional performance efficiency. Furthermore, comparative benchmarking demonstrated that King Saud University and the University of Jordan achieved significantly higher accountability scores than local institutions. Novelty This research provides a unique empirical framework that contrasts local academics directly with leading regional models to identify specific higher education deficiencies. Implications Adopting clear national regulatory frameworks based on successful regional paradigms will optimize human resource investment, foster administrative autonomy, and improve overall decision-making quality. Highlights: Statistical data confirms that transparent policies strongly correlate with optimized institutional operations. Regional academic models demonstrate significantly higher accountability levels than local tertiary entities. Establishing clear national regulatory frameworks elevates resource management quality for long-term sustainability. Keywords: University Governance, Institutional Performance, Higher Education, Comparative Benchmarking, Administrative Autonomy
Copyright (c) 2026 Amer Abdul Kareem Aziz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Sources of Euphrates River Water Pollution in Nasiriyah City
General Background Anthropogenic pressures on freshwater ecosystems threaten sustainable urban development. Specific Background In Nasiriyah City, the Euphrates River experiences severe degradation from expanding urban practices. Knowledge Gap However, localized seasonal dynamics and precise municipal, industrial, and biological pollution contributions remain insufficiently quantified. Aims This study evaluates seasonal water quality and specific source pathways driving this decline. Results Hydrochemical analysis reveals parameter concentrations exceeding national regulatory thresholds during both seasons. Total dissolved solids reached 2948.83 mg/L in winter and 3266.33 mg/L in summer (limit: 1500 mg/L), while sulfates peaked at 976.66 mg/L (limit: 200 mg/L). High sodium, chloride, and hardness levels confirm intense contamination from untreated sewage, industrial power plant effluents discharging 20,000 m³/h, agricultural runoff, plastic waste, and invasive water hyacinths. Novelty This research empirically maps multi-sectoral pollution dynamics to extreme seasonal fluctuations. Implications The findings underscore an urgent need to rehabilitate treatment plants and implement eco-friendly filtration technologies. Keywords: Aquatic Ecosystem Management, Environmental Hydrochemistry, Industrial Effluent, Seasonal Water Quality, Wastewater Treatment Key Findings Highlights Total dissolved solids and sulfates drastically exceed national limits across both winter and summer seasons. Thermal power plants release massive volumes of untreated liquid waste directly into the river channel. Microclimatic changes, solid plastic waste, and invasive aquatic weeds accelerate long-term ecosystem degradation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Manar Majid Hameed, Issamaldeen Abdulraheem Majed, Mustafa Mohammed Mazeher https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Virtual Digital Media and Its Role in Art Promotion and Marketing
General Background Digital systems have fundamentally transformed contemporary civilization by replacing physical organizational mechanisms across commercial fields. Specific Background The visual arts sector has experienced a profound transition toward cyber platforms, a shift significantly accelerated by the global pandemic and the integration of cryptocurrencies, blockchain networks, and artificial intelligence into commodity exchange. Knowledge Gap Despite this rapid transition, establishing the precise procedural map and operational mechanisms of supply and demand within these virtual spaces remains necessary. Aims This study explores the importance of online cyber tools and maps their operational functions in modern aesthetic trade. Results The analysis reveals that creators achieve substantial financial success by utilizing social networks to foster direct community engagement and establish unique creative brands. Furthermore, electronic transactions facilitated by non-fungible tokens and algorithmic matching have restructured international auctions and direct sales without geographical restrictions. Novelty This research identifies a new cyber framework where inferential creativity and strategic narrative construction are as crucial to establishing property valuation as physical originality. Implications By dissolving administrative boundaries, the electronic transaction language unifies diverse cultures and solidifies cyber mechanisms as the definitive foundation for evaluating and exchanging aesthetic property worldwide. Highlights: Social networks facilitate direct communication between creators and collectors without traditional intermediaries. Cryptocurrencies and blockchain algorithms secure aesthetic property transactions across geographical borders. Artificial intelligence systems assist buyers through augmented reality exhibitions and forgery detection mechanisms. Keywords: Virtual Digital Media, Cyber Social Networks, Contemporary Visual Arts, Blockchain Technology, Aesthetic Commerce
Copyright (c) 2026 Hassan Hadi Hassan, Iyad Shamkhi Jaber https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Temperature Effect on Lorentz Line Widths within the Carbon Dioxide Band
General Background Carbon dioxide drives global climate change, requiring highly precise satellite spectral retrievals. Specific Background The fundamental 4.2–4.3 µm band is essential for column retrievals where collisional broadening dominates. Knowledge Gap Yet, systematic recomputation of temperature-dependent Lorentz widths and database consistency across atmospheric temperatures remains unverified. Aims This study evaluates temperature effects on Lorentz widths for 2,370 lines (2325–2380 cm⁻¹) in HITRAN2020 from 200 K to 400 K. Results Band-averaged widths decrease 39.2% (0.0901 to 0.0548 cm⁻¹) with exponents centering at 0.71, showing tighter constraints for strong lines over weak transitions. Novelty This work provides the first systematic database consistency verification of 4.3 µm band parameters using non-linear power-law fitting. Implications Omitting temperature-dependent adjustments causes systematic modeling errors up to 46%, proving radiative transfer codes must implement database exponents to ensure reliable retrievals. Keywords : Carbon Dioxide, Lorentz Broadening, Temperature Dependence, Spectroscopic Database, Line Shape Key Findings Highlights A 39.2% monotonic reduction in average Lorentz half-width occurs between 200 K and 400 K. The re-determined temperature exponents show high database self-consistency with a mean value of 0.71. Strong transitions exhibit minimal parameter scatter and provide greater reliability than weak spectral lines.
Copyright (c) 2026 Zeyad Al-Ibadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Comparison Some Penalized Variable Selection Methods For Analysis General Linear Regression Model With Application
General Background The general linear regression model balances nonparametric flexibility with parametric explanatory power. Specific Background High-dimensional data requires robust regularization to isolate critical predictors. Knowledge Gap Classical approaches falter with small datasets or multicollinearity, triggering the curse of dimensionality. Aims This study compares smoothly clipped absolute deviation methods and the mini-max concave penalty approach for simultaneous parameter estimation and covariate selection. Results Simulations across various sample sizes and correlation intensities show that the SCAD-L2 penalty consistently achieves the lowest average error. Novelty Empirical implementation using clinical records from Al-Kut Teaching Hospital confirms SCAD-L2 isolates critical variables by driving non-significant coefficients to zero. Implications This optimized methodology enhances predictive accuracy and simplifies model architectures without losing explanatory control. Keywords: General Linear Regression, Variable Selection, Penalty Function, SCAD-L2 Method, MCP Method Key Findings Highlights SCAD-L2 consistently outperforms alternative regularization methods across diverse sample sizes and high correlation configurations. Empirical medical database validation successfully isolated critical blood urea determinants by eliminating non-significant clinical indicators. The integrated mathematical algorithm achieves stable parameter convergence while minimizing the overall mean absolute error.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tareq Azeez Salih, Ali Hameed Yousif , Zainab Kadhum Mezher https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0