The Value of Maqashid Syariah and Institutional Reputation in Decisions on the Use of Marhamah SavingsNilai Maqashid Syariah dan Reputasi Lembaga dalam Keputusan Penggunaan Tabungan MarhamahHamidSiti Nur Cholisasitinur@gmail.comMuisLidya Sherylidyasherymuis@umsida.ac.idIndonesiaIndonesia25102024
<bold id="bold-99484f52969d1c20a7ecc504e36ef280">Introduction</bold>
In recent years, the progress of Islamic banking in Indonesia has shown a positive trend. According to data released by the Financial Services Authority (OJK) as of October 2024, Islamic banking achieved assets of Rp923.42 trillion, with an average annual growth rate of 10.67%. (OJK, 2024). However, its market share remains small, accounting for only 7.33 % of the total assets of the national banking industry [1]. This figure demonstrates the substantial untapped potential maximum. One of the main challenges faced is how to make Islamic banking products more attractive to people who are generally more accustomed to conventional banking services [2].
The application of the values of maqashid sharia in banking operations is the key to success in attracting customers [3]. The basic principles of sharia banking are: maqashid sharia, which aim For advance The welfare of the people through safeguarding five main components: religion, life, intellect, posterity, and wealth [4]. Every product and service must reflect these values. In terms of savings products, the application of maqashid sharia is not only applied to the basis for using the contract, but Also on the benefits that obtained by consumers, such as transparency, fairness, and sustainability. However, some Islamic banking institutions have not been able to comprehensively implement the values of Maqashid Sharia in practice, impacting public trust in their services [5].
The reputation of the institution is also very important in building customer trust and loyalty. A financial institution has a good reputation because it shows the credibility, integrity, and quality of the services it provides [6]. Reputation can help banking companies become more competitive in a tight competitive environment. PT Bank Sumut Syariah Medan Branch Office is one of the Islamic financial companies in North Sumatra which strives to build a reputation through its flagship products, such as Marhamah Savings [7]. This savings account is based on sharia principles and is designed to meet the public's need for banking services. This is in line with Sharia compliance principles. The extent to which this reputation successfully attracts consumers and influences their decisions remains to be determined through in-depth research [8].
Savings Marhamah on bank North Sumatra Sharia is savings Based on the mudharabah muthlaqah contract, there is a proportion of profit sharing given to customers based on the agreement in the contract, every month or at an agreed time [9]. The most striking difference compared to other Islamic bank savings based on the wadi'ah contract is that there is no profit sharing given, because the bank only holds customer funds without existence management. Ratio for results Which given on Marhamah savings this is as big as 59 : 41, where 59% section for the bank And 41% for customers [10].
Marhamah Savings offers a significant opportunity to become a top choice for sharia-compliant customers, particularly in North Sumatra. The following data demonstrates the level of utilization of this savings product, according to internal company information:
Number of marhamah savings accounts at PT Bank Sumut Syariah Branch Office Medan
Source: PT. Bank Sumut Syariah Branch Office Medan
In the letter al-Baqarah verse 256, the concept of maqashid sharia is explained as follows:
“There is no compulsion in religion (Islam); indeed, the right path is clear from the wrong path.” (Al -Baqarah 2:256)
Previous research examining a similar topic was conducted by Srisusilawati et al., 2022, which explained that the implementation of maqashid sharia in Islamic banking encompasses several dimensions, such as hifdz aldin (protection of faith), hifdz alàql (protection of intellectual property), hifdz alnafs (protection of life), hifdz alnasl (protection of descendants or family), and hifdz almaal (protection of assets). In the study conducted by [8], Instilling Islamic principles shows a significant positive impact on the choice of using Islamic banking savings products. Furthermore, institutional reputation also has a significant positive impact, as evidenced by research [11] which explored the influence of promotion and reputation on customers' choice to open a Hajj savings account at a sharia bank.
Although various previous studies have discussed the importance of maqashid sharia values in influencing customer decisions and the contribution of institutional reputation to customer loyalty, research specifically examining the relationship between maqashid sharia implementation, institutional reputation, and the decision to use specific savings products, such as Marhamah Savings at Bank Sumut Syariah, remains very limited. Most previous studies have only highlighted general aspects of maqashid sharia in Islamic banking services, without examining the direct relationship between maqashid sharia dimensions and perceived reputation and actual customer decisions within the context of specific products and geographic regions.
The novelty of this research lies in its unique focus: simultaneously examining the role of maqashid sharia values and institutional reputation in customer decisions to use Marhamah Savings a mudharabah muthlaqah-based product using a case study at the Bank Sumut Syariah Medan branch office. This research not only enriches the literature with empirical evidence from a relatively understudied area, but also provides a practical contribution in formulating strategies to increase the competitiveness of Islamic banking products based on maqashid values and reputational institutions in a society that still predominantly uses conventional banking services.
The problem that occurs is that some customers when deciding to use this savings product, only a few are oriented to the values of maqashid sharia, even though this element is a very crucial aspect and is a determining factor when choosing Islamic banking products compared to conventional ones. Therefore, more in-depth research is needed to determine how the values of maqashid sharia relate to each other. The application of maqashid sharia, the reputation of the institution, and customer decisions in using Marhamah Savings are due to several obstacles, such as minimal knowledge of Islamic finance, minimal understanding of the values of maqashid sharia, and minimal trust in the reputation of the institution. This research is expected to help the research object in increasing the competitiveness of its products and services.
This study used a quantitative approach. This approach was chosen because it supports systematic research that uses numerical data and statistical analysis to evaluate relationships between variables. According to [12], quantitative research aims to test theories or hypotheses by measuring variables and analyzing data objectively. Through this approach, research findings are expected to be accurate and generalizable to a wider population.
The sampling technique used in this study was probability sampling, specifically simple random sampling. Probability sampling ensures that each unit in the population has an equal chance of being selected, thereby reducing selection bias and increasing the generalizability of the findings [13]. Simple random sampling was chosen because of its simplicity and suitability for explanatory research that aims to identify causal relationships between variables.
To determine the sample size, this study used the Slovin formula, which is appropriate when the population size is known. A 10% margin of error (e = 0.1) was used considering practical limitations, such as time and budget constraints. Although this results in a lower level of precision than a 5% margin, it is still acceptable in initial explanatory research with a large population [14]:
Where:
n = number of samples
N = amount population
e = Margin of Error (level error, in terms of this is 10% or 0.1 )
Based on the total number of users taken from secondary data on the research object's financial reports, which is 13,524, by applying the formula described previously, the total number of samples is obtained as follows:
Thus, the total number of samples used in this study was 100. The measurements or parameters used in this study included:
Indicator Variable
Element Variables
Indicator
Maqashid Sharia (X1)
Compliance product with principle sharia ( hifz ad-din )Justice in distribution profit ( hifz al-mal )Sustainability social economy ( hifzal- nafs )Transparency ( hifzal- 'aql )Empowerment Economy Public ( Hifz An Nasl )
Reputation Institution (X2)
Positive reputationRecognition from competitorsGenerally knownMemorable and easy to remember
Decision Use Product (Y)
Understanding the needsFind out informationAssessing the optionsBuying decisionPost-purchase behavior
Source: Exercise Data (2025)
After data collection was completed, the processing process was carried out using IBM SPSS statistical software version 30.0.0 ( Statistical Package for the Social Sciences ). The data analysis process began with descriptive testing to illustrate the characteristics of respondents and the variables studied, followed by validity and reliability testing to ensure the reliability of the questionnaire instrument. After that, classical assumption testing was conducted to assess the presence of multicollinearity and heteroscedasticity. To test the effect of the application of maqashid sharia values and institutional reputation on the decision to use marhamah savings products using multiple linear regression tests. This test aims to identify the extent of influence of each independent variable on the decision to choose the Marhamah savings product, both individually and collectively.
The decisions made in this study depend on the results of the significance test with a significance limit of 5% (α = 0.05 ). The hypothesis will be accepted if the significance value of the t-test or F-test is less than 0.05. Thus , it can be concluded that the independent variable has a significant influence on a person's decision to purchase a savings product. However, the coefficient of determination (R2) is used to determine how much contribution the independent variable can make to changes in the dependent variable. To avoid problems such as strong linear relationships between independent variables or non-normally distributed data, normality and multicollinearity tests were performed.
<bold id="bold-38b348818b5a6d459a36b783f4faf0da">Results</bold>
A. Test Instrument Study1.1 Validity Test
In the validity test of a research tool, a decision is made if the R. Calculation value is greater than the R. Table value. In cases where the R. Table value is 0.1654 , the tool is declared valid.
a. Variables Implementation Mark Maqashid Sharia (X1)
Results Test Validity Variable X1
Number
Calculated R.
Observe R.
Description
1
0.818
0.1654
Valid
2
0.863
0.1654
Valid
3
0.856
0.1654
Valid
4
0.887
0.1654
Valid
5
0.859
0.1654
Valid
Source: Exercise Data (2025)
b. Variables Reputation Institution (X2)
Results Test Validity Variable X2
Number
Calculated R.
Observe R.
Description
1
0.855
0.1654
Valid
2
0.891
0.1654
Valid
3
0.835
0.1654
Valid
4
0.852
0.1654
Valid
Source: Exercise Data (2025)
c. Variables Decision Use Product (Y)
Results Test Validity Variables Y
Number
Calculated R.
Observe R.
Description
1
0.867
0.1654
Valid
2
0.830
0.1654
Valid
3
0.859
0.1654
Valid
4
0.874
0.1654
Valid
5
0.844
0.1654
Valid
Source: Exercise Data (2025)
All measuring instruments used in this study were considered valid, as shown by the three tables.
1.2 Reliability Test
Reliability testing is conducted to determine whether the research instrument used is reliable for decision-making. The instrument is considered reliable if the Cronbach's Alpha value exceeds 0.60 .
Results Test Reliability
Variable
Cronbach’s Alpha
Observe R.
Description
(Y)
0.905
0.60
Reliable
(X1)
0.880
0.60
Reliable
(X2)
0.909
0.60
Reliable
Source: Exercise Data (2025)
Based on the table presented, it can be concluded that the tools used in this study have a high level of reliability.
Test Assumptions Classic
B. Normality Test2.1 Normality Test
The normality test was conducted to determine whether the research data from each variable had a normal distribution. The results show that the residuals have a normal distribution if the significance value is more than 0.05.
Results Test Normality
One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test
Unstandardized Residual
N
100
Normal Parametersa,b
Mean
.0000000
Std. Deviation
2.52242183
Most Extreme Difference
Absolute
.089
Positive
.088
Negative
-.089
Test Statistic
.089
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed)c
.069
Source: Exercise Data (2025)
It is possible that these data follow a normal distribution, as evaluation of the previous table shows that the sig. (2-Way) value of 0.069 is greater than 0.05.
2.2 Heteroscedasticity Test
Plot Graphic Heterokedastisiticity
Source: Exercise Data (2025)
The heteroscedasticity test is carried out to determine whether the regression model experiences inequality in the variance of the existing variables.
Evaluation of the displayed graph shows that no clear pattern is revealed; the points are distributed both above and below the value of 0 on the Y-axis. Therefore, it can be concluded that the regression model does not show signs of heteroscedasticity.
2.3 Multicollinearity Test
The multicollinearity test is used to determine whether the independent variables in a regression model are correlated with each other . In decision-making, the tolerance value that must be achieved is above 0.100, while the Vif value should be below 10.00 .
Results Test Multicollinearity
Model
Unstandardized Coefficients
Standardized Coefficients
t
Sig.
Colinearity Statistics
B
Std. Error
Beta
Tolerance
VIF
1
(Constant)
2.690
1.233
2.181
.032
(X1)
.459
.094
.453
4.875
<.001
.379
2.637
(X2)
.532
.117
.421
4.530
<.001
.379
2.637
Source: Exercise Data (2025)
Based on the data evaluation in the table above, the tolerance values for X1 (0.379) and X2 (0.379) are greater than 0.100. Meanwhile, the VIF values for X1 (2.637) and X2 (2.637) are below 10.00 . Thus , it can be concluded that there is no heteroscedasticity problem in this study.
C. Hypothesis Testing3.1 Test Coefficient of Determination
To show the extent to which the proportion of changes in the independent variables in the model can explain the dependent variable, the following decision-making steps use the coefficient of determination test:
An R value approaching 0 indicates that the influence of the independent variables on the dependent variable is simultaneously decreasing. Consequently, the model is not adequately representative.
When the R value approaches 1, this indicates that the independent variables contribute more strongly to the dependent variables simultaneously, so the model is considered valid.
Results Test Coefficient Determination
Model Summary
Model
R
R.Square
Adjusted R. Square
Std. Error of the Estimate
1
.826a
.683
.676
2.548
Predictors: (Constant), Reputasi Institusi (X2), Penerapan Nilai Maqashid Syariah (X1)
Predictors: (Constant), Reputasi Institusi (X2), Penerapan Nilai Maqashid Syariah (X1)
Source: Exercise Data (2025)
Based on the analysis conducted, it was found that the percentage of variation in product utilization decisions (Y) that can be understood through the independent variables, namely the application of the maqashid sharia principle (X1) and the institution's reputation (X2), reached 68.3% or 0.683. However, the impact of both variables in this study was quite significant overall, and the last 31.7 % was borne by other variables not included in this regression model. This indicates that the regression model can be considered appropriate.
3.2 Test Regression Linear Multiple
Multiple linear regression testing is used to determine whether there is an impact between the independent and dependent variables. The model used in this study is:
Results Test Regression Linear Multiple
Coefficientsa
Model
Unstandardized Coefficients
Standardized Coefficients
t
Sig
B
Std. Error
Beta
1
(Constant)
2.690
1.233
2.181
.032
(X1)
.459
.094
.453
4.875
<.001
(X2)
.532
.117
.421
4.530
<.001
a. Dependent Variable: Keputusan Penggunaan Produk (Y)
Source: Exercise Data (2025)
We can draw conclusions from the table presented that:
a. The recorded constant value of 2.690 indicates that when X1 and X2 have a value of 0, Y will remain at the value of 2.690 .
b. Regression analysis shows that variable X1 which represents the application of the maqashid sharia values has a positive regression coefficient, with a b value of 0.459. This means that if the value of variable X1 increases by 1 point, then Y will also increase by 0.459.
c. Regression analysis shows that variable X2 (institutional reputation) has a positive regression coefficient with a value of b = 0.532. This indicates that if variable X2 increases by 1 point, Y will also increase by 0.532.
3.3 Test F (Simultaneous)
By using the F-test, a statistical technique, we can examine the relationship between the independent and dependent variables simultaneously, which can have a significant impact. The decision-making methods used in this test are:
a. Variable X and variable Y have a simultaneous influence if the sig. value is less than 0.05 or the calculated f is greater than the table f.
b. There is no simultaneous influence between variable X and variable Y if the sig. value is greater than 0.05 or the calculated f is smaller than the table f.
Results Test F
ANOVAa
Model
Sum of Squares
df
Mean Square
F
Sig.
1
Regression
1354.291
2
677.146
104.276
<,001b
Residual
629.899
97
6.494
Total
1984.190
99
a. Dependent Variable: Keputusan Penggunaan produk (Y)
b. Predictors: (Constant), Reputasi Institusi (X2), Penerapan Nilai Maqasid Syariah (X1)
Source: Exercise Data (2025)
Between variables X1 and X2 have a positive and significant influence on variable Y, as shown by the analysis conducted on the table presented; the calculated F value is 104.276, higher than the F value of Table 2.6738, and the significance value is 0.001, lower than 0.05. Thus, the hypothesis H3 regarding the application of maqashid sharia values and institutional reputation is proven to have a positive and significant influence, so that H0 is rejected.
3.4 Test T (Partial)
The effect of each variable on the dependent variable is determined through a statistical analysis known as the T-test. The principles used for decision making in this test are:
H0 will be rejected and Ha will be accepted if the calculated t is greater than the t table with a significance value less than or equal to 0.05. This indicates that the variables involved are significantly related to each other.
H0 will be accepted and Ha will be rejected if thitung is smaller than t tabel and the significance value is greater than or equal to 0.05. This indicates that there is no significant relationship between the variables involved.
Results Test T
Coefficientsa
Model
Unstandardized Coefficients
Standardized Coefficients
t
Sig
B
Std. Error
Beta
1
(Constant)
2.690
1.233
2.181
.032
(X1)
.459
.094
.453
4.875
<.001
(X2)
.532
.117
.421
4.530
<.001
Source: Exercise Data (2025)
Based on table in on, can concluded that:
a. Based on the analysis conducted on the table above, it was found that the Tcount value obtained was 4.875, higher than the T-Table value of 1.661, and the Sig. value found was 0.001, which was lower than 0.05. Therefore, it can be concluded that the application of the maqashid sharia value (X1) has a significant and positive impact on the decision to use the Marhamah savings product at PT. Bank Sumut
b. Syariah Medan Branch Office. This indicates that H1 is accepted, while H0 is rejected Based on the analysis conducted in the table above, it was found that the total number obtained was 4,530, higher than the T-Table value of 1,661, and the recorded sigma value was 0.001, which is less than 0.05. Therefore, it can be concluded that institutional reputation (X2) has a positive and significant impact on the decision to use Marhamah savings products at PT. Bank Sumut Syariah Medan Branch Office. This indicates the acceptance of the H2 hypothesis and the rejection of the H0 hypothesis.
<bold id="bold-a5f4507096a6af51c76723c08bd5582f">Discussion</bold>
A. The Influence of the Implementation of Maqashid Syariah Values on the Decision to Use Marhamah Savings Products at PT. Bank Sumut Medan Sharia Branch Office
Based on multiple linear regression analysis, the decision to use the Marhamah Savings product at PT Bank Sumut Syariah Branch Office, Medan is significantly influenced by the application of the principles of Maqashid Syariah. The ttable value is smaller than the tcount value, which reaches 4.875, and the significance value p is 0.05.
The results show that when the values of Maqashid Syariah are better implemented in Islamic financial products, people are more likely to choose and utilize those products [15]. Maqashid Syariah components such as hifzh al-din (compliance of products with sharia principles), hifzh al-mal (fairness in profit sharing), and hifzh al-nafs (socio-economic sustainability) play a role in increasing customer trust and preference for sharia products [16].
The results of this study align with research conducted by [17] which found that the implementation of Islamic principles in Islamic savings products significantly impacts customer preferences. This confirms that customers evaluate not only financial aspects but also Sharia values when selecting banking products.
However, the challenge faced is the still low level of understanding among some customers regarding the values of Maqashid Syariah. Many customers choose products solely based on financial gain without considering aspects of justice, transparency, and benefits in Islam. Therefore, efforts to educate and promote sharia values need to be increased so that more people understand the benefits of using sharia banking products.
B. The Influence of Institutional Reputation on Usage Decisions Marhamah Savings Product at PT. Bank Sumut Syariah Medan Branch Office
In addition to the implementation of Maqashid Syariah, this study also revealed that the image of the institution has a positive and significant impact on customer choice to use Marhamah Savings, with a t-count of 4,530 and a significance value of p < 0.05.
A good institutional reputation reflects credibility, transparency, and the quality of services provided by the bank. This finding supports research [18] Which state that a company’sreputation influences consumer trust and loyalty. Banks with a good reputation will find it easier to attract and retain customers [19].
In context PT Bank of North Sumatra Sharia, reputation Which built Through adherence to Sharia principles, good service, and involvement in social programs, Marhamah Savings products add value. This finding aligns with a study [11] which revealed that image and marketing significantly influence customer choice when selecting Hajj savings products at Islamic banking institutions.
However, while image plays a crucial role, other aspects such as service quality, product creativity, and ease of access must also be considered. Several respondents in this study stated that limited digital banking facilities and a lack of information about Sharia-compliant products remain obstacles to increasing public trust and attractiveness of Sharia banks.
C. The Simultaneous Influence of Maqashid Syariah Implementation and Institutional Reputation on the Decision to Use Marhamah Savings Products
Based on the results of the F test conducted simultaneously, the integration between Maqashid Syariah and institutional reputation has a significant impact on customer decisions in using Marhamah Savings (F-count = 104.276, p < 0.05). The coefficient of determination (R² = 0.683) shows that 68.3 % of changes in customer decisions can be explained by the combination of these two variables, while the rest is influenced by other factors not analyzed in this study [20].
These results indicate that the application of sharia principles in banking activities and the institution's positive performance have a significant influence on building trust and increasing the use of sharia banking products. Therefore, a sharia banking strategy must focus on two aspects This main goal is to increase market share market and competitiveness in the financial industry.
This study has several limitations that should be considered by future researchers. First, this study only tested two independent variables: the implementation of Maqashid Syariah values and institutional reputation, which simultaneously explained 68.3% of the influence on customers' decisions to use the Marhamah Savings product. This means there is still 31.7% of the variation unexplained by the model, which is likely influenced by other factors. Therefore, future researchers are advised to consider additional variables such as Islamic financial literacy, digital service quality, level of religious belief (religiosity), and product suitability to the needs of specific market segments, for a more comprehensive analysis.
Second, the approach used in this study was entirely quantitative, thus failing to deeply explore customers' perceptions, inner motivations, and spiritual preferences regarding Islamic principles in banking practices. To gain a more holistic and reflective understanding of customer financial behavior, future research could consider using a qualitative or mixed methods approach.
Third, all data in this study were collected from the perceptions of a single respondent at a single point in time, potentially introducing common method bias. This risk can be minimized in future research by involving multiple sources of respondents, such as bank employees and customers, and by conducting Harman's single-factor test or other statistical methods to identify single-method bias.
Fourth, although the analysis results indicate that the Maqasid Syariah values significantly influence customer decisions, this study has not further examined how these values are practically implemented by Islamic banking institutions operationally. Therefore, future researchers can explore this aspect through observational approaches or in-depth interviews with bank management to understand the extent to which maqasid is truly internalized in the design and implementation of banking products.
Based on this, there are several important recommendations for further research. First, developing a more complex research model by incorporating additional variables such as trust in DSN-MUI fatwas, ease of access to digital services, and community or family influence on customer financial decisions would enrich the study's scope. Second, segmenting respondents based on age, education, type of employment, and experience using Islamic banking services is also important for obtaining more robust and applicable findings.
Third, longitudinal or experimental research is recommended to measure changes in customer perceptions of the maqasid sharia over a specific period of time, for example, before and after the implementation of an educational program. Fourth, given the still low public understanding of the maqasid sharia, further research should examine the effectiveness of promotional media and public education programs, whether through seminars, social media, or the role of Islamic figures as influencers, in increasing the use of sharia products.
Finally, it is also important to evaluate customers' digital experiences, particularly the user experience (UX) of sharia mobile banking applications, and to assess the extent to which the information systems used comply with sharia principles and provide user convenience. By considering these various aspects, further research is expected to provide a more in-depth contribution to developing strategies to increase the competitiveness of sharia banking in Indonesia.
Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that:
The implementation of Maqashid Syariah values has had a positive and significant impact on the choice of Marhamah Savings products. Customers prefer products that align with Sharia principles, are fair, transparent, and provide benefits to the community.
Institutional reputation also has a positive and significant influence on product usage choices. Customer trust in Islamic banks increases thanks to their credibility, integrity, and quality service.
Simultaneously, the implementation of Maqashid Syariah and the reputation of the institution provide a strong contribution to the decision to use the Marhamah Savings product, with a determination value of 68.3 % .
To increase competitiveness, Islamic banks need to strengthen the implementation of Maqashid Syariah values, increase Islamic financial literacy, and build a good reputation through optimal service. and digital-based product innovation. This finding emphasizes the importance of synergy between sharia values and reputation in Islamic banking marketing practices a strategic message for Islamic bank management in Indonesia.
Acknowledgement
The author would like to express sincere gratitude to Allah SWT for His blessings and guidance throughout the completion of this article. Appreciation is also extended to the lecturers of the Islamic Economics Department at North Sumatra State Islamic University for their valuable guidance, to PT Bank Sumut Syariah Branch Medan for the data and support provided, as well as to family and colleagues for their encouragement and motivation. May this article contribute meaningfully to the field of Islamic banking studies.